air pollution

Slide 1: 

POLLUTION UNFAVOURABLE ALTERATION OF SURROUNDINGS

Slide 2: 

TYPES OF POLLUTANTS BIODEGRADABLE POLLUTANTS NON-DEGRADABLE POLLUTANTS

Slide 3: 

Pollution 1.Air Pollution. 2.Water Pollution. 3.Noise Pollution. 4.Land Pollution. 5.Marine pollution 6. Thermal pollution 7. Nuclear hazards CLASSIFICATION

Slide 4: 

AIR POLLUTION PRESENCE OF CONTAMINANTS LIKE DUST SMOKE MIST ODOUR IN ATMOSPHERE

Slide 5: 

AIR POLLUTANTS CARBON MONOXIDE NITROGEN DIOXIDE SULPHUR DIOXIDE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER OZONE SMOG LEAD HYDROCARBONS CHROMIUM

Slide 6: 

FORMED BY INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION OF CARBON 2C + O2 2CO BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS CIGARETTE SMOKE MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST CARBON MONOXIDE

EFFECTS OF CO : 

REACTS WITH HAEMOGLOBIN OF BLOOD AND REDUCES THE ABILITY OF BLOOD TO BRING O2 HEADACHE, ANEMIA BRAIN CELL DAMAGE INCREASE IN GLOBAL TEMPERATURE EFFECTS OF CO

NITROGEN DIOXIDE : 

REDDISH BROWN GAS REACTS WITH MOISTURE TO GIVE NITRIC ACID NO2 + MOISTURE HNO3 CAUSES FOSSIL FUEL BURNING INDUSTRIAL PLANT EMISSIONS NITROGEN DIOXIDE

EFFECTS : 

LUNG IRRITATION HNO3 DAMAGES TREES,SOILS,AQUATIC LIFE CORRODES METALS DAMAGES FABRICS EFFECTS

SULPHUR DIOXIDE : 

COLOURLESS GAS FORMED BY COMBUSTION OF SULPHUR CONVERTED TO H2SO4 WITH AIR CAUSES COAL BURNING INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS SULPHUR DIOXIDE

EFFECTS : 

BREATHING PROBLEMS ACID DEPOSITION OF H2SO4 DAMAGES TREES, SOILS &AQUATIC LIFE IN LAKES EFFECTS

What is Particulate Matter? : 

particles of different substances suspended in the air in the form of solid particles and liquid droplets particles vary widely in size What is Particulate Matter?

Slide 13: 

SOURCE BURNING COAL BURNING FUEL FROM AGRICULTURE AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION

EFFECTS : 

NOSE & THROAT INFECTION LUNG DAMAGE ASTHMA CANCER & REPRODUCTIVE PROBLEMS DROPLETS OF H2SO4 DAMAGES TREES,SOILS & AQUATIC LIFE IN LAKES EFFECTS

Where does Pm come from? : 

Fine particles come from a variety of sources: diesel trucks and buses construction equipment power plants woodstoves wildfires Where does Pm come from? Also, Chemical reactions in the atmosphere can transform gases into fine particles.

Ozone : 

An odorless, colorless gas composed of three oxygen atoms. Ozone Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays. At ground-level in the air we breathe, ozone (smog) poses serious risks to human health.

Where Does Ozone Come From? : 

Ozone is created by a chemical reaction: Where Does Ozone Come From? VOC + NOx + Heat + Sunlight = Ozone VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) come from motor vehicles, power plants, industrial facilities, and other sources.

Why is Ozone Bad to Breathe? : 

The average adult breathes enough air to fill over 3,000 balloons each day. Children breathe even more! Ozone can irritate lungs and airways, and cause inflammation much like a sunburn on your lungs. Ozone can aggravate respiratory illnesses like asthma. 10 to 20% of summertime respiratory-related hospital visits in the Northeast are associated with ozone pollution. Children and people with chronic lung diseases are particularly at risk. Why is Ozone Bad to Breathe?

Health Effects of Exposure to Ozone : 

Health Effects of Exposure to Ozone Coughing Nose and throat irritation Chest pain Reduced lung function Increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses Aggravation of asthma

3. Photochemical Smog : 

20 3. Photochemical Smog Action of sunlight upon the exhaust gases to form pollutants harmful at low altitudes Mixture of air pollutants Nitrogen oxides (NOX) Ozone Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN) A major concern in urban cities-capable of travelling with wind affecting huge population

2. Physical Significance : 

21 2. Physical Significance Amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere Big problem in developing countries and in many major cities Effects Plants - reducing or stopping the growth Humans - affects heart and lungs and even genetic diseases Affects materials also

Slide 22: 

22 volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Carbon based molecules (aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons) Short- and long-term adverse health effects Sources Paints; wood preservatives; aerosol sprays; cleansers and disinfectants; moth repellents and air fresheners etc. Health Effects Eye, nose, and throat irritation; headaches; damage to liver, kidney, and central nervous system. Some organics can cause cancer in animals; some are suspected or known to cause cancer in humans.

3.1 Pollutants in Photochemical Smog : 

23 3.1 Pollutants in Photochemical Smog 3.1.1 Ozone Production at low altitudes NOx from exhaust gases Ozone production is dominant when NO2/NO is greater than 3 Effects of Ground Level Ozone Damage to crops Irritates the respiratory tract and eyes High levels of O3 results in chest tightness, coughing and wheezing Increased hospital admissions and premature death

Slide 24: 

LEAD SOURCES: PAINT MANUFACTURE OF LEAD BATTERIES LEADED PETROL

Slide 25: 

EFFECTS ACCUMULATES IN BODY BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM RETARDS MENTAL GROWTH CAUSES CANCER DAMAGE TO WILDLIFE

Slide 26: 

CHROMIUM SOURCE PAINT SMELTERS(METAL REFINING) MANUFACTURE OF Cr DURING PLATING OF Cr OVER ANOTHER METAL

Slide 27: 

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD CITIES Dominant Sources: Vehicular Emissions, Small/Medium Scale Industries, Gensets, Biomass burning, etc. Pollutants: NOx, SPM& CO Industries-Power Plants, Refineries, Chemical Plants, etc.) RURAL AREAS Indoor air pollution: Use of Biomass, Coal, kerosene, etc. Outdoor air pollution: Unpaved roads, Biomass burning, Gen-sets etc. Pollutants: SPM,CO, etc. *

Slide 28: 

CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION

Slide 29: 

Prevention of air pollution 1.We should share vehicles for going to office. 2.We should get a regular pollution check of our vehicle. 3.We should use a bicycle for going to near by places. 4.Chimneys of factories should be fitted with proper filters to prevent smokes from coming out and effect atmosphere. 5. Industrial wastes should be properly disposed

I Breathe What? : 

I Breathe What?

Dirt : 

Dirt

Exhaust : 

Exhaust

Chemicals : 

Chemicals

Dust Storms : 

Dust Storms

How does your body filter out the particles? : 

How does your body filter out the particles?

Slide 36: 

Respiration

Sneezing : 

Sneezing

Nasal Hair : 

Nasal Hair Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air.

Mucus : 

Mucus Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose

Coughing : 

Coughing

Slide 41: 

THANK YOU