The Future of the Automobile

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Presentation Transcript

Slide 1: 

GREEN & FRUGAL Honda FCX Clarity Tesla Roadster Toyota Prius BMW 7 Honda Insight Chevrolet Volt Feedback – spkingsley@live.in

Slide 2: 

Energy Security Global Warming WHY ?

Slide 3: 

Energy Security Reliance on Fossil fuels –Not expected to last for ever Import from Politically unstable areas – OPEC, Middle East, Russia, Venezuela Increased future demand from developing countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China

Slide 4: 

1 Trillion barrels of oil consumed till now Oil Supply Scenario World has consumed 1 trillion barrels of oil - i.e 50% of known, conventional reserves 25 % of this is consumed in last 10 years Might last up to 2050 - 2100 “Not expected to last forever”

Slide 5: 

Saudi Arabia 19.9% Canada 13.6%* Iran 10.3% Iraq 8.7% Kuwait 7.7% UAE 7.4% Venezuela 6.5% Russia 4.6% Libya 3.2% Nigeria 2.7% USA 1.7% China 1.2% Europe 1.1% Mexico 0.9% World Oil Reserves Conflict… World Oil Consumption USA 25.1% Europe 18.9% China# 8.6% Japan 6.5% Russia # 3.7% India # 3.0% Canada 2.6% Brazil # 2.5% Saudi Arabia 2.4% Mexico 2.4% Iran 1.9% Kuwait 0.4% Nigeria 0.4% Libya 0.3% “Politically unstable countries” “Developing economies” Source – Energy information administration, International energy outlook 2007

Slide 6: 

Unconventional Reserves Source – International Energy Agency, Resource to Reserves, Paris, France OECD/IEA, 2005

Slide 7: 

Unconventional Energy CARBON Methanol Ethanol Cane ethanol – Brazil Corn ethanol - US Natural Gas Bio – Fuel Cellulosic Bio-diesel NON-CARBON Hydrogen Coal Water Natural Gas Electricity Hydrogen Coal Petroleum Wind Solar Gravity Nuclear Threats – Competition with food Challenges – Cost of oil Distribution Storage (electricity) Storage (Carbon)

Slide 8: 

Global Warming Rise in the average temperature of the earth Effects Melting of ice Rise in sea levels Climate changes (Dry & wet) Reasons Greenhouse effect Increase in concentration of green-house gases – Carbon dioxide (presently 380 ppm) Methane Water vapour Nitrous oxide

Slide 9: 

How to BE GREEN & FRUGAL Reduce Carbon Fuel consumption Use of alternative energy (non-carbon)

Slide 10: 

Remove Carbon from Atmosphere Reduce/Stop Carbon Emission Fuel Economy norms Alternate Fuel Carbon Credits CARBON CYCLE

Slide 11: 

How to stop/reduce carbon emission Reduce Fuel consumption Reduce /stop emission of CO2 Use non-carbon energy GREEN & FRUGAL CARS

Slide 12: 

TANK to WHEEL EFFICIENCY WELL to WHEEL EFFICIENCY ENERGY DISTRIBUTION – TYPICAL IC ENGINE AUTOMOBILE

Slide 13: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS (IC ENGINES) FUSION OF Atkinson cycle IC ENGINE & ELECTRIC MOTOR ELECTRIC MOTOR FUSION OF Hybrid & ELECTRIC

Slide 14: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID

Slide 15: 

ALTERNATE FUELS On IC ENGINES Ethanol is produced from corn/Sugarcane and other crops. Produces less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels. Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. It usually produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel – B100, B5, B10.. Natural gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel that generates less air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Propane (LPG), also called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is a abundant fossil fuel that generates less harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels (such as coal, Natural gas), nuclear power, or renewable resources, such as hydropower. Electricity can be produced from fossil fuels (such as coal, Natural gas), nuclear power, or renewable resources, such as hydropower.

Slide 16: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID

Slide 17: 

“micro” Hybrid Stage 1 – Stop engine at idle (0 … 5 Sec) Restart when pressing clutch or accelerator Stage 2 – Integrated Starter-Generator (ISG) Regenerative braking Stop engine at idle (0 … 5 Sec) Restart when pressing clutch or accelerator

Slide 18: 

“micro” Hybrid Stage 2 IC Engine (Gas/Diesel) Integrated Starter-Generator Battery

Slide 19: 

“micro” Hybrid Operating phases Stage 2 Normal IC Engine Integrated starter-Generator Engine drives wheel /Charges battery Stops in idle/Restarts Stage 3 Stage 2 + Regenerative braking

Slide 20: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID

Slide 21: 

IC Engine (Gas/Diesel) Integrated Starter-Generator Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) “mild” hybrid E ISG B FUEL TANK Honda Insight

Slide 22: 

Starting/Moving from rest IC engine supplies power to wheels as well as charges battery Cruising IC engine supplies power to wheels as well as charges battery “mild” hybrid Operating phases

Slide 23: 

Overtaking/Accelerating IC engine as well as Battery/Motor supplies power to wheels. “MOTOR ASSIST” “mild” hybrid Operating phases Braking Braking energy is recovered, converted to current and charges the battery. “REGENERATIVE BRAKING”

Slide 24: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID

Slide 25: 

IC Engine (Gas/Diesel) DC Motor Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) “full” hybrid Power Splitter Generator Toyota Prius

Slide 26: 

Starting/Moving from rest Electric Motor supplies power to wheels. “full” hybrid Operating phases Low speed/City Electric Motor supplies power to wheels.

Slide 27: 

Cruising/Highway IC Engine supplies power to wheels as well as charges the battery. Overtaking/Accelerating In addition to engine power, power is drawn from battery through the motor. “full” hybrid Operating phases

Slide 28: 

Braking Kinetic energy of braking is recovered and directed to charge the battery. “full” hybrid Operating phases

Slide 29: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID Plug-in Electric Fuel cell Electric Extended Range Electric

Slide 30: 

MOTOR Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) B M Electric CAR “Plug-in electric” EXTERNAL CHARGING

Slide 31: 

Some well known Plug-in Electric cars….. Tesla Roadster Reva Nissan Leaf Fisker Karma Mitsubishi iMiEV

Slide 32: 

MOTOR Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) Electric CAR FC – EV - Fuel cell electric Vehicle HYDROGEN Honda FCX Clarity

Slide 33: 

MOTOR Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) B M H2 FUEL CELL METHANOL TANK REFORMER Electric CAR FC – EV - Fuel cell electric Vehicle METHANOL

Slide 35: 

FUEL CELL PRINCIPLE ON-BOARD REFORMER H2 H2+ + e- ANODE H2+ + e- + O2 H2O CATHODE PEM

Slide 36: 

Chevrolet Equinox – 43/48 mpkg Honda FCX Clarity – 77/67 mpkg Toyota FCHV Some well known Fuel cell Electric cars…..

Slide 37: 

MOTOR Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) B M Electric CAR ER- EV– Extended range electric vehicle EXTERNAL CHARGING E G FUEL TANK IC ENGINE Chevrolet Volt

Slide 38: 

PATH to GREEN & FRUGAL FLEX-FUEL CARS ALTERNATE FUEL CARS MICRO-HYBRID CARS MILD HYBRID CARS FULL HYBRID CARS ELECTRIC CARS PLUG-IN HYBRID

Slide 39: 

IC Engine (Gas/Diesel) DC Motor Battery (NiMH/Li-ion) Plug-in hybrid Power Splitter Generator External Charging

Slide 40: 

Starting/Moving from rest Electric Motor supplies power to wheels. Plug-in hybrid Operating phases Low speed/City Electric Motor supplies power to wheels.

Slide 41: 

Cruising/Highway IC Engine supplies power to wheels as well as charges the battery. Overtaking/Accelerating In addition to engine power, power is drawn from battery through the motor. Plug-in hybrid Operating phases

Slide 42: 

Braking Kinetic energy of braking is recovered and directed to charge the battery. External Charging The battery can be externally charged, overnight. Plug-in hybrid Operating phases

Slide 43: 

THE GREEN & FRUGAL CAR Honda FCX Clarity Tesla Roadster Toyota Prius BMW 7 Honda Insight Chevrolet Volt ELECTRIC – FUEL CELL ELECTRIC ELECTRIC – ER-EV HYBRID - MILD HYDROGEN – IC ENGINE HYBRID - FULL

Slide 44: 

1901 – Mixtie Lohner-Porsche Electromobile Ferdinand Porsche (1875 – 1951) 1912 – Detroit Electric 1913 – Thomas Edison the Past that was ……. Earliest Hybrid … Earliest Electrics …

Slide 45: 

Thank You ….meet you in the future

Slide 46: 

….mini power plants feeding in to a SMART GRID