Slide 1:EU workshop RTP 31637 Giresun, Turkey 19 February 2009 © Svetoslav P. Apostolov General Provisions of theWater Framework Directive(Directive 2000/60/EC)


Slide 2:© Svetoslav P. Apostolov, 2009 All rights reserved. Reproduction is authorised under the Use Agreement terms and conditions.


Slide 3:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Why protect water? :Why protect water? Life-supporting media: external; internal: between 50% and 90% of the weight of organisms. Fresh water: only about 2.5% of the total water amount. only about 0.8% readily available to organisms. human everyday use: surface– and groundwater stocks are the most important of the readily available freshwater stocks.


Slide 5:Unequal distribution:


Slide 6:Water stress: water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period or when poor quality restricts its use (EEA Glossary). About 31% of Europe’s population lives in countries that use more than 20% of their annual water resource, this being indicative of high water stress … particularly during droughts or periods of low river flow. Water shortages also continue to occur in parts of southern Europe where there is a combination of low water availability and high demand, particularly from agriculture... (Europe's environment: The third assessment, EEA 2003). Source: Europe’s environment: The second assessment (EEA 2001)


Slide 7:Source: adapted from Europe's environment: The fourth assessment (EEA 2007) Water stress can be expressed by the water exploitation index (WEI), which shows the total water abstraction per year as percentage of the annual renewable freshwater resources. Threshold values/ranges used to indicate levels of water stress: • non-stressed countries - less than 10%; • low stress - 10% to less than20 %; • stressed - 20% to less than 40%; • severe water stress - 40% or more (adapted from Europe's environment: The third assessment, EEA 2003, and Europe's environment: The fourth assessment, EEA 2007). Turkey: There has been a recent 35% increase in irrigation water demand in Turkey because of new irrigation projects (Europe's environment: The third assessment, EEA 2003). in southern Europe, abstraction increased by more than 15%, particularly in Turkey (Europe's environment: The fourth assessment, EEA 2007).


Slide 8:Conflicts: Source: Ahdieh 2007 About 60% of the EU's surface area lies in river basins that cross at least one national border (European Commission 2008). 1994 study shows that half of the 50 armed conflicts that year had environmental causal factors characteristic of the drylands (Secretariat of the UNCCD). Worldwide, 72,9% of the water-related conflicts between 1907 and 2008 were classified as “violent” or “in the context of violence” (Water Conflict Chronology, Gleick 2008).


Slide 9:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Legislation development :Legislation development Three waves of water-protection Community legislation: Quality standards for selected freshwater stocks: 1975: Drinking Water Directive (75/440/EEC) (repealed from 22.12.2007) 1976: Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) (Art. 6 repealed from 22.12.2000, rest to be repealed from 22.12.2013 ) 1976: Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) 1978: Fish Water Directive (78/659/EEC) (to be repealed from 22.12.2013) 1979: Groundwater Directive (80/68/EEC) (to be repealed from 22.12.2013) 1979: Shellfish Waters Directive (79/923/EEC) (to be repealed from 22.12.2013) 1980: Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) (repealed by Directive 98/83/EC). Emission limit values - addressing pollution at the source: 1991: Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) (amended by Directive 98/15/EC) 1991: Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) 1996: Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EEC) 1998: Revised Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) Integrated water protection: 2000: Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) (OJ of the European Communities L 327, 22.12.2000)


Water Framework Directive :Water Framework Directive Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy (OJ of the European Communities L 327, 22.12.2000) Amended by: Decision No 2455/2001/EC: establishes the list of priority substances in the field of water policy as provided for in Article 16 (2) and (3) of the WFD(OJ of the European Communities L 331, 15.12.2001) Directive 2008/32/EC: amends Directive 2000/60/EC as regards the implementing powers conferred on the Commission(OJ of the European Union L 81, 20.3.2008) Directive 2008/105/EC: lays down environmental quality standards (EQS) for priority substances and certain other pollutants as provided for in Article 16 of the WFD(OJ of the European Union L 348, 24.12.2008 ) Supplemented by: Commission Decision 2005/646/EC: establishes a register of sites to form the intercalibration network as required by Section 1.4.1(vii) of Annex V to the WFD(OJ of the European Union L 243, 19.9.2005)


What is the WFD? :What is the WFD? A legal framework introducing an innovative approach to managing water resources and to protecting and improving the quality of all water stocks across Europe. Key elements of the WFD: Holistic protection, integration of planning, long-term management objectives. Clear objectives and implementation deadlines and milestones, flexible means. Innovative management system (at the appropriate scale). Unprecedented co-operation (at the national and international level). Greater public involvement in water management. Decentralisation to the lowest appropriate level. “Combined approach" of emission limit values and quality standards, phasing out of particularly hazardous substances. Economic principles (polluter pays) and instruments (water pricing policies) for environment protection. Sustainable management approach.


Implementation timetable :Implementation timetable


Slide 14:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Content of the WFD :Content of the WFD Art. 1: Purpose Art. 2: Definitions Art. 3: Administrative arrangements (incl. provisions for international co-operation) Art. 4: Objectives and exemptions (incl. provisions for sustainable development) Art. 5: Environmental and economic analyses Art. 6: Protected areas Art. 7: Drinking water abstraction Art. 8: Monitoring programmes Art. 9: Economic principles and instruments Art. 10: Combined approach Art. 11: Programme of measures Art. 12: Issues which cannot be dealt with at the Member State level (international co-operation) Art. 13: River basin management plans Art. 14: Public participation Art. 15: Reporting Art. 16: Strategies against surface water pollution (Directive 2008/105/EC: list of priority substances) Art. 17: Strategies against groundwater pollution Art. 18: Commission reports Art. 19 – 21: Committee procedure and review process Art. 22: Repeals Art. 23: Penalties Art. 24: Transposition Art. 25: Entry into force Art. 26: Addressees


Slide 16:Annex I: Information on the competent authorities (required by Art. 3) Annex II: Specification of the characterisation (typology, artificial and heavily modified water bodies) and environmental analysis (pressures and impacts) (required by Art. 5) Annex III: Specification of the economic analysis (required by Art. 5) Annex IV: List of protected areas (required by Art. 6) Annex V: Objectives: quality elements, normative definitions, monitoring, classification and presentation (reporting) of ecological status (required by Art. 4, Art. 7 and Art. 8) Annex VI: List of measures (required by Art. 11) Annex VII: Elements and updates of a river basin management plan (required by Art. 13) Annex VIII: List of main pollutants (replacing lists of “old” legislation) Annex IX: Emission limit values (ELVs) and environmental quality standards (EQSs) (adopting ‘limit values’ and ‘quality objectives’ established under “daughter directives” of Directive 76/464/EEC) Annex X: List of priority substances (required by Art. 16; the list itself is adopted by Decision 2455/2001/EC) Annex XI: Ecoregions maps (links to Annex II – typology, Annex VII – RBMPs)


Purpose of the WFD :Purpose of the WFD Article 1: The purpose of this Directive is to establish a framework for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater which: prevents further deterioration and protects and enhances the status of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and associated wetlands; promotes sustainable water use; aims at enhanced protection and improvement of the aquatic environment; ensures the progressive reduction of pollution of groundwater and prevents its further pollution; contributes to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts.


Slide 18:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Key articles for implementation :Key articles for implementation Article 3*: Coordination of administrative arrangements within river basin districts Identification of river basins, establishment of river basin districts (incl. ground- and coastal waters); Identification/establishment of competent authorities; International co-operation (mandatory between MS, encouraged with non-EU states); enhanced by Article 12: Issues which can not be dealt with at Member State level (support by the European Commission).


Slide 20:Source: Water Note 1 (European Commission 2008) 40 international river basin districts cover >60% of the EU’s territory.


Slide 21:Danube River Basin – example of co-operation between MS (10) and non-EU states (9): total area of 801,463 km², Europe's second largest river basin (after the Volga). territories of 19 countries (after independence of Montenegro), world's most international river basin. “home” to > 81 million people. 17 (18) official languages, add. minority languages.


Slide 22:Article 4*: Environmental objectives Art. 4 (1): Environmental objectives Art. 4 (3) to (7): Exemptions (e.g., heavily modified surface water bodies, force majeure, etc.) and sustainable development provisions (Art. 4 (7)); Art. 4 (8) and (9): Safety provisions (i.e., exemptions do not compromise the achievement of the objectives of Community legislation).


Environmental objectives :Environmental objectives For surface waters: 1. no deterioration: ecological protection: “good ecological status” (defined in Annex V). chemical protection: “good chemical status” (Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) set for a priority list of substances in Directive 2008/105/EC); 2. restoration; 3. phasing out of priority hazardous substances. For groundwater: 1. no deterioration: chemical status (no direct discharges to groundwater + monitor groundwater bodies); quantitative status (abstraction only of recharge quantities not needed for the functioning of the connected ecosystems); 2. restoration. For protected areas: 1. compliance with the respective regimes.


Slide 24:Five “ecological status” classes for each of the surface water categories: river, lake, transitional water and coastal water. Source: The Future for Scotland’s Waters (SEPA 2002) For artificial and heavily modified bodies of water these classes are called “ecological potential” classes.


Slide 25:Source: adapted from Guidance document No 10: Rivers and lakes (European Communities 2003) The ecological status can be expressed by the Ecological Quality Ratio (EQR), which shows the ratio between the observed biological value and the reference biological value. Status classification flowchart: indicates the relative roles of biological, hydromorphological and physicochemical quality elements in ecological status classification according to the normative definitions in Annex V:1.2 of the WFD


Slide 26:Where can one find “high status” in industrialized and densely populated Europe?! Annex V - General definition for rivers, lakes, transitional waters and coastal waters


Slide 27:“High status or reference condition is a state in the present or in the past corresponding to very low pressure, without the effects of major industrialisation, urbanisation and intensification of agriculture, and with only very minor modification of physicochemistry, hydromorpology and biology.” (Guidance document No 10: Rivers and lakes, European Communities 2003). Source: The Rhine - A river and its relations (ICPR, 2008)


Slide 28:Two status classes for groundwater bodies. Source: The Future for Scotland’s Waters (SEPA 2002)


Key articles for implementation (contd.) :Key articles for implementation (contd.) Article 5*: Characteristics of the river basin district, review of the environmental impact of human activity and economic analysis of water use Characterisation of the river basin districts in terms of water bodies typology (Annex II), pressures and impacts (Annex II) and economics (Annex III) of water uses; Risk assessment: identification of water bodies likely to fail to meet the environmental quality objectives set for the bodies under Article 4. Article 6: Register of protected areas Establishment of a register/s of protected areas lying within the river basin district; (evtl.) Designation of areas for the protection of (including but not limited to): bodies of water used for the abstraction of drinking water (Article 7); economically significant aquatic species (Annex IV); habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites. May not require transposition into national legislation if dealt with under existing legislation but reference to the WFD is important!


Slide 30:Identification of surface water bodies Source: adapted from Guidance document No 2: Identification of Water Bodies (European Communities 2003) based on category based on physical characteristics


Slide 31:Source: Guidance document No 2: Identification of Water Bodies (European Communities 2003) based on type


Slide 32:based on degree of modification based on ecological status Source: Guidance document No 2: Identification of Water Bodies (European Communities 2003)


Slide 33:Water quality in the River Almond river basin Source: The Future for Scotland’s Waters (SEPA 2002)


Slide 34:Source: Guidance document No 2: Identification of Water Bodies (European Communities 2003)


Slide 35:Identification of groundwater bodies Source: Guidance document No 2: Identification of Water Bodies (European Communities 2003) based on hydraulic boundaries


Key articles for implementation (contd.) :Key articles for implementation (contd.) Article 8*: Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas Four types of monitoring (see also Annex V); Surveillance (mandatory); Operational (mandatory); Investigative (if needed); Protected areas (mandatory for certain water bodies).


Slide 37:Article 8*: Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas (contd.) Surveillance monitoring (see also Annex V): Objectives: — supplement and validate the impact assessment procedure detailed in Annex II; — improve the efficiency and effectiveness of future monitoring programmes; — provide for the assessment of long-term changes. Duration: — one year during the period covered by a RBMP; — if the body concerned reached good status  once every three river basin management plans. Target: — all bodies of water.


Slide 38:Article 8*: Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas (contd.) Operational monitoring (see also Annex V): Objectives: — establish the status of bodies at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives; — assess changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Duration: — as needed. Target: — bodies of water at risk of failing to meet the environmental objectives.


Slide 39:Article 8*: Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas (contd.) Investigative monitoring (see also Annex V): Objectives: — find out the reason for exceedances; — ascertain the causes of a water body failing to achieve the environmental objectives where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives set out in Art. 4 for a body of water are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; — ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. Duration: — as needed. Target: — all bodies of water.


Slide 40:Article 8*: Monitoring of surface water status, groundwater status and protected areas (contd.) Protected areas monitoring (see also Annex V): Objectives: — meet the requirements of Art. 7 (water used for drinking); — habitat and species protection areas identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives under Art. 4. Duration: — as needed. Target: — see bullet 1.


Slide 41:Article 9*: Recovery of costs for water services Development and implementation of water-pricing policies (see also Annex III); Integration of the “polluter pays principle”. Note: the WFD does not require one set price for water across the EU. Prices can differ from area to area depending on factors like: ■ water purification plant equipment; ■ drinking water abstraction and distribution systems; ■ wastewater collection system and treatment plant equipment; ■ environmental costs internalization; ■ population density in the area; ■ natural conditions (e.g., climate), etc. Common is the transparency in water-pricing decisions across Europe: who uses, who pollutes, what does it cost and who pays for it.


Slide 42:Article 11: Programme of measures Establishment (by 2009) and implementation (by 2012 at the latest) of programmes of measures (in order to achieve the objectives established under Article 4 in a cost-effective way (see also Annex III) ); Description of basic and supplementary measures; Exceptions. Article 13: River basin management plans Development and publication of a river basin management plan (RBMP) for each river basin district (by 2009), including the designation of heavily modified water bodies (designation of HMWB - Article 4.3); Characteristics and updates of the management plans (Annex VII); Provisions for international co-operation.


Most important characteristics of a RBMP :Most important characteristics of a RBMP Characteristics of the river basin as required by Art. 5; Summary of significant pressures and human activity impacts as required by Art. 5; Protected areas as required by Art. 6; Monitoring provisions as required by Art. 8; List of the environmental objectives established under Art. 4; Exclusions as provided for by Art. 4; Summary of the economic analysis of water use as required by Art. 5; Summary of the programme or programmes of measures adopted under Art. 11; Summary of the public information and consultation measures taken; List of competent authorities; Contact points and procedures for obtaining the background documentation and information referred to in Art. 14(1), Art. 11(3)(g) and 11(3)(i), and Art. 8.


Slide 44:Article 14*: Public information and consultation Encourage active involvement of “all interested parties” in the implementation, in particular in the production, review and updating of the RBMPs; Ensure information supply and consultation; Requirements to the publication of information and reports; Provisions for public access to background documentation/ information. Source: Guidance document No 8: Public Participation in relation to the WFD (European Communities 2003)


Key benefits of public participation :Increase public awareness of environmental issues and the situation in the related river basin district and local catchment; Improve decision-making (decisions are based on knowledge, experiences and scientific evidence)  Improved quality of the RBMPs; More transparent decision-making process; Public acceptance, commitment and support to the decisions (decisions are influenced by the views and experience of those affected by them)  Sustainable solutions; Consider innovative and creative options; Balance interests, avoid conflicts, manage problems and costs in the long term. Interested parties (stakeholders): practically impossible to actively involve all potential stakeholders on all issues  Selection and prioritisation: stakeholder analysis. Possible stakeholders: Professionals – public and private sector organisations, professional voluntary groups and professional NGOs (social, economic and environmental). This also includes statutory agencies, conservation groups, business, industry, insurance groups and academia. Authorities, elected people – government departments, statutory agencies, municipalities, local authorities. Local Groups – non-professional organised entities operating at a local level. Can be subdivide into: Communities based on location – e.g. groups like residents associations and local councils. Communities based on interest – e.g. farmers’ groups, fishermen, birdwatchers. Individual citizens, farmers and companies representing themselves. Key individual landowners for example or local individual residents. Key benefits of public participation


Key articles for implementation (contd.) :Key articles for implementation (contd.) Article 15*: Reporting Copies of RBMPs (and evtl. updates); Summary reports of: analyses required under Article 5 (pressures and impacts and economics of water uses); monitoring programmes designed under Article 8 (programmes for monitoring of water status). Article 22: Repeals and transitional provisions “First wave” of repeals: 2007, 3 directives; “Second wave” of repeals: 2013, 4 directives. Article 23: Penalties Establishment of “effective, proportionate and dissuasive” (discouraging) penalties.


Slide 47:Source: Guidance document No 1: Economics and the environment (European Communities 2003) Update RBMPs every 6 years, integrate water management with other policies (e.g., agriculture, transport, energy, etc.).


Slide 48:More details on specific aspects: CIRCA http://circa.europa.eu


Slide 49:Completing the Framework: Directive 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration (OJ of the European Union L 372, 27.12.2006): EU-wide quality standards for nitrates and pesticides for “good groundwater chemical status”; national standards for other pollutants; reinforce existing measures to prevent or limit inputs of pollutants into groundwater. Extending the scope: 2) Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks(OJ of the European Union L 288, 6.11.2007): establish a framework for the assessment and management of flood risks; reduce the negative impacts of floods on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activities. 3) Directive 2008/56/EC establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) (OJ of the European Union L 164, 25.6.2008): good environmental status in the marine environment by 2020 at the latest; integrate environmental concerns into policies with an impact on the marine environment.


Slide 50:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) :Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) Many European watercourses have water basins that spread over more than one country; Many European countries are heavily dependent on river flows coming from other countries for their freshwater stocks  International conflicts may arise; Common understanding and implementation of the WFD is crucial. Goals of the WFD can only be achieved by co-ordinated joint efforts of all countries having control over a river’s water basin. European Commission developed a Common implementation strategy (CIS) in 2001: “an outstanding joint effort to improve, protect and enhance the quality of our rivers, lakes, transitional and coastal waters and groundwaters” (European Commission 2004): MS + Norway; Candidate countries “on voluntary basis”.


Slide 52:Overall objectives: • Promote coherence and comparability; • Develop common understanding and common approaches; • Carry out joint efforts and activities; • Limit risks of bad application; • Share experience and information; • Improve the information management. Major outputs: • 17 Guidance Documents; • Experience reports from pilot river basins; • Technical reports, supporting documents and training products; • Water Information System for Europe (WISE) • Regular newsletter (formerly WFD Newsletter, now WISE Newsletter); • Awareness raising and education materials and events.


Slide 53:Source: "Improving the comparability and the quality of Water Framework Directive implementation – Progress and Work Programme 2007-2009" (EC's website on WFD) Current structure and ongoing activities in the work programme 2007 - 2009


Reporting and access to information :Reporting and access to information MS reports ensure: implementation of the directives’ provisions; assessment of the consistency of national implementation with the directive; basis for assessment of the global efficiency of the developed measures; basis for evaluation of the effectiveness of the WFD; basis for non-compliance procedures; public access to information on activities. Up to 2007 – paper reports: “For the first reports under the WFD, this resulted for Article 3 and 5 in more than 25000 pages of paper documents in most Community languages all structured in a different way and providing a different level of detail.” (European Commission, SEC(2007) 362). Starting 2007 – electronic-based reporting: As of March 2008, 24 MS have reported on the implementation of Article 8 using the electronic WISE system (European Commission SEC(2007) 362, European Commission 2008).


Transposition of directives :Transposition of directives Article 189 of the Treaty Establishing the EEC, changed to Article 249 by the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) Directive: sets results; sets deadline/s; leaves freedom to choose implementation measures.


Slide 56:Directives must be transposed: fully and accurately (“faithful transposition” - Court of the ECs); within the deadlines laid down therein. Transposition failures: incomplete or incorrect transposition; delayed transposition (compromised deadlines); “gold plating”. Support to Candidate Countries: Expertise; Funding.


Slide 57:Transposition of the WFD: elaborate a transposition plan (set out required timing and resources); assess the existing legislation: compatibility, conflicts, gaps; core of the WFD: Article 4 (environmental objectives), Article 9 (cost recovery) and Article 14 (public participation); consult with and actively involve stakeholders, integrate with relevant policies (e.g., agriculture, transport, energy, etc.)! monitor the process, correct if needed!


Slide 58:Application and Enforcement of the WFD: set up the administrative arrangements (Article 3); carry out an environmental and economic analyses (Article 5); establish environmental objectives (Article 4) and select reference conditions; set up measures (Article 11) and monitoring programmes (Article 8); put in place adequate water-pricing (Article 9); involve stakeholders! encourage public participation early enough and at all stages! [provide guidance]; transparency: criteria, alternatives, choices, exclusions! assign enforcement responsibility and develop sanctions! monitor the process, correct if needed!


Slide 59:Article 169 of the Treaty Establishing the EEC, changed to Article 226 by the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) Infringements: late transposition: 125 new infringement actions in 2007 (COM(2008) 777/4: 25th Annual Report from the Commission on Monitoring the Application of Community Law (2007)); incorrect transposition; improper application.


German history of water protection :German history of water protection Long tradition of water protection: decree on the hygienic state of urban water bodies of late 1880s; first version of the Federal Water Act, which later transposed the WFD into the federal legislation, was issued on 27.07.1957; latest amendment on 22.12.2008. Long history of international co-operation at the river-basin scale: Since 1950: nine states – one river basin. Overall objective: improve the chemical and ecological state of the Rhine. Total surface: 197.000 km2 Germany: ca. 100.000 km2 Switzerland, France, Netherland: each 25-35.000 km2 Italy, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Belgium: ca. 6.000 km2 Source: The Rhine - A river and its relations (ICPR, 2008)


WFD in Germany :WFD in Germany Source: Water Framework Directive - Summary of River Basin District Analysis 2004 in Germany (UBA, 2005) 10 river basin districts in the Federal Republic of Germany according to the requirements of the WFD: 1. Danube, 2. Rhine, 3. Maas, 4. Ems, 5. Weser, 6. Elbe, 7. Eider, 8. Oder, 9. Schlei/Trave, 10. Warnow/Peene.


Slide 62:Results of the initial characterization of waters (pursuant to Art. 5 and Annex II) undertaken by the German states in late 2004. Source: Water Framework Directive - Summary of River Basin District Analysis 2004 in Germany (UBA, 2005)


Slide 63:Source: Water Framework Directive - Summary of River Basin District Analysis 2004 in Germany (UBA, 2005) Risk assessment results (pursuant to Art. 5 and Annex II) for larger surface water bodies in Germany (as of Jan 2005).


Slide 64:Source: Water Framework Directive - Summary of River Basin District Analysis 2004 in Germany (UBA, 2005) Key types of environmental pressures


Turkey’s progress with the WFD :Turkey’s progress with the WFD There has been little progress in the area of water quality. An amendment was made to the legislation on prevention of water pollution. However, the overall level of alignment remains low. The institutional framework for water management is not organised on a river basin basis. Trans-boundary consultations on water issues are at an early stage (Turkey 2008 Progress Report, European Commission 2008). Turkey: deadline for transposition of the Directive = date of accession. Source: adapted from CIA: The World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html


Investment needs :Investment needs It is estimated that the cost of [full] compliance with EU environmental norms is of the order of 70 billion euro, principally in the water sector (Multi-annual Indicative Planning Document (MIPD) 2007-2009 for Turkey, European Commission 2007).


Support for EU membership preparation :Support for EU membership preparation Financial support to adopt and implement the EU acquis communautaire:Instrument for pre-accession assistance (IPA)  Multi-Annual Indicative Financial Framework (MIFF)  Multi-Annual Indicative Planning Document (MIPD). (Source: adapted from the European Commission’s Enlargement website) Institution Building: as concerns the adoption and implementation of the acquis, the main areas of activity, reflecting the volume of legislation to be transposed and implemented as well as the investments required, will be: agriculture and food safety … and environment. Regional Development: [supports] three Operational Programmes: environment, transport, and regional competitiveness. Within the environment OP, the main priorities [are] in the water and solid waste management sectors… (Multi-annual Indicative Planning Document (MIPD) 2007-2009 for Turkey, European Commission 2007).


Slide 68:Further information and registration: http://www.ewc2009.eu/ Focus: River Basin Management Planning and Public Participation Registration deadline: 1st of March 2009. Free of charge (no registration or conference fee).


Slide 69:1. The Basic 2. Legislation and WFD 3. Content and Purpose of WFD 4. Key Articles of the WFD 6. Conclusions Presentation Outlines 5. Common Implementation


Conclusions :Conclusions WFD is a strategic and integrated planning tool for environmental improvement. Key elements and principles of the WFD applicable to any river basin. Pay attention to transposition and enforcement: high level of detail required. 4. Considerable progress made BUT significant efforts and investments required to meet the ambitions of the WFD. 5. Expertise and financial support are available  Best use should be made!


Slide 71:Thank you very much for your attention ! Svetoslav P. Apostolov,  MSc, MSc e-mail: spapostolov@hotmail.com


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Slide 77:USE AGREEMENT (continued) Copyright notice § 1. Copyright law The presentation, including its layout, is protected by the relevant national and international copyright law. The presentation is intended for information and education only and is free to use for non-commercial purposes. A single copy of the presentation may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, educational or research use and reference. When used for reference, the source must be duly acknowledged. Alterations are forbidden! For any use for commercial purposes, or to make or distribute additional copies, the prior written permission by the Author must be obtained. However, it is permitted to provide any person with the URL [website address] of the presentation or place a hyperlink to the presentation on the maintained by you website(s). Accept and continue reading Decline and exit