logging in or signing up Design considerations of public building ARCHITECT soumik.sim Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1832 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: May 02, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: bolehemail (15 month(s) ago) Dear sir, can i download this good info. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ravinafde (16 month(s) ago) Dear Meghanathan, Please let me know how to down load this presentation Regards Ravi Nafde Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nurhan13 (20 month(s) ago) How can we download the presentation? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nurhan13 (20 month(s) ago) I like the presentation and I think it brought up interesting considerations; I wonder if there is a more concrete definition to the concept 'public' Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: magaly123 (32 month(s) ago) super coool!!! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Design considerations of public building. : Design considerations of public building. Presented by:M.MEGANATHAN. Definition of building. : Definition of building. In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or As an act of construction…. Definition of public building :These components form a public building. : Definition of public building :These components form a public building. Public buildings provide the tools for the administration and delivery of services. Public buildings are centers of learning, gathering places and work spaces for public employees and representatives. Within the walls of these buildings they teach, learn, heal, protect, administer justice and make or oversee public policy. Classification of public buildings. : Classification of public buildings. Types of public buildings based on there function: : Types of public buildings based on there function: (institutional buildings): School/college. University. Nursery school. Health centre. Nursing home. Hospital. Hostelries: Restaurant. Hotels & Inns. Hostel. Exhibition(recreation): Museum. Art gallery (public). Exhibition centre. Legislative buildings: Capitol complex. Councils and head offices. Education Medical: Hostelries: Exhibition(recreation): Legislative buildings: Slide 6: Sport: Sports ground/ Stadium. Theatre/concert hall. Cinema. Historic building/stately home. Miscellaneous: Prison/detention centre. Community centre. Job centre. Housing centre. These are some of the public building types. Sport: Miscellaneous: PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN. : PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN. ORDERING PRINCIPLES : ORDERING PRINCIPLES Order refers not simply to geometric regularity , but rather to a condition in which each part of a whole is properly designed with reference to other parts and to its purpose so as to produce a harmonious arrangement. Order without diversity can result in monotony or boredom; diversity without order can produce chaos. The ordering principles are seen as visual devices that allow the varied and diverse forms and spaces of a building to co exist perceptually and conceptually within an ordered, unified, and harmonious whole. The form and space of a public building should acknowledge the hierarchy inherent in the functions they accommodate, the users they serve, the purpose or meaning they convey , and the scope or context they address. Elements of ordering principles : Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Slide 9: A line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a symmetrical or balanced manner. The axis is prehaps the most elementary means of organizing forms and spaces in architecture. It is a line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in regular and irregular manner. The specific disposition of elements about an axis will determine whether the visual force of an axial organization is subtle, formal, and monotonous. since an axis is essentially a linear co ordination, it has qualities of length and direction, and induces movement and promotes views along its path. For its definition, an axis must be terminated at both of its ends by a significant form or space. The terminating elements of an axis serves and receive its visual thrust. Points in space established by vertical, linear or centralized building forms. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Axis. Itsukushima temple, Hiroshima. View from the temple toward Torii , a symbolic gateway in the sea. Slide 10: When an axial condition can exist without a symmetrical condition being simultaneously present , a symmetrical condition cannot exist without implying the existence of an axis or center about which it is structured. There are two fundamental types: Bilateral symmetry: Refers to the balanced arrangement of similar or equivalent elements on opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the whole into essentially identical halves. Radial symmetry: refers to the balanced arrangement of similar , radiating elements such that the composition can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle around a center point or along a central axis. Plan of an ideal church,1460,Antonio filarete . Hotel de beauvais,paris,1656,Antanio le pautre . Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Symmetry. Slide 11: The principles of hierarchy implies that in most if not all architectural compositions, real differences exist among their forms and spaces. These differences reflect the degree of importance of these forms and spaces , as well as the functional, formal , and symbolic roles they play in the organization. The values expressed may be individual or collective, personal or cultural. In any case, the manner in which the functional or symbolic differences among a building’s elements are revealed is critical to the establishment of a visible , hierarchical order among its forms and spaces. There are three basic fundamental in hierarchy: Hierarchy by size. Hierarchy by shape. Hierarchy by placement. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Hierarchy. a) b) c) Plan of an ideal church,c.1940,Leonardo da vinci. Slide 12: Rhythm refers to any movement characterized by a patterned recurrence of elements or motifs at regular or irregular intervals. The movement may be of our eyes as we follow recurring elements in a composition, or of our bodies as we advance through a sequence of spaces. In either case, rhythm incorporates the fundamental notion of repetition as a device to organize forms and spaces in architecture. Almost all building types incorporate elements that are by their nature repetitive. Beams and columns repeat themselves to form repetitive structural bays and modules of space. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Rhythm. Column details, Notre Dame la Grande , poitiers , France, 1130-45. Jami Masjid, Gulbarga ,India,1367. Slide 13: A datum refers to a line , plane , or volume of reference to which other elements in a composition can relate. It organizes a random pattern of elements through its regularity, continuity, and constant presence. The regularity of their spacing and their continuity organizes, clarifies, and accentuates the differences between the series of notes in a musical composition. A preceding section illustrated the ability of an axis to organize a series of elements along its length. In effect, the axis was serving as a datum. Line : a line can cut through or form a common edge for the pattern, while a grid of lines can form a neutral, unifying field for the pattern. Plane : a plane can gather the pattern of elements beneath it or serve as an encompassing background for the elements and frame them in its field. Volume : A volume can collect the pattern of elements Within its boundaries or organize them along its perimeter. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Datum. Slide 14: The study of architecture, as with other disciplines, should legitimately involve the study of its past, of prior experiences, endeavors, and accomplishments from which much can be learned and emulated. The principle of transformation accepts this notion; this book,and all of the examples it contains, is predicated on it. The principle of transformation allows a designer to select a prototypical architectural model whose formal structure and ordering of elements might be appropriate and reasonable, and to transform it through a series of discrete manipulations in order to respond to the conditions and context of the design task at hand. Design is a generative process of analysis and synthesis of trial of trying out possibilities and seizing opportunities. In the process of exploring an idea and probing its potential, it is essential that a designer understand the fundamental nature and structure of the concept. If the ordering system of a prototypical model is perceived and understood, then the original design concept can, through a series of finite permutations , be clarified, strengthened, and built upon, rather than destroyed. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Transform-ation. Plan development of North Indian Cella. Circulation of spaces. : Circulation of spaces. Circulation. : Circulation. ‘…. We have been observing that the human body , which is our most fundamental three dimensional possession , has not itself been central concern in the understanding of architectural form; that architecture, to the extent that it is considered an art, is characterized in its design stages as an abstract visual art and not as a body-centered art…we believe that the most essential and memorable sense of three dimensionality originates in the body experience and that this sense may constitute a basis for understanding spatial feeling in our experience of buildings. …The interplay between the world of our bodies and world of our bodies places is always in flux. We make places that are an expression of our haptic experiences even as these experience are generated by the places we have already created. whether we are conscious or innocent of this process, our bodies and our movement are in constant dialogue with our buildings.’ Charles Moore and Robert yudell. Body , memory, and architecture. 1977. Path of our movement can be conceived as the perceptual thread that links the spaces of a building or any series of interior or exterior spaces , togather. Since we move in time through a sequence of spaces. We experience a space in relation to where we’ve been and where we anticipate going. Bit boys hostel. corridor circulation space. Components of circulation spaces. : Components of circulation spaces. Approach: The distant view. Entrance : From outside to inside. Configuration of the path: The sequence of spaces. Path space relationships: edges, nodes, and terminations of the path. Form of the circulation space: corridors, halls, galleries, stairways and rooms. Slide 18: Prior to actually passing into the interior of a building, we approach its entrance along the path. This is the first phase of the circulation system, during which we are prepared to see, experience, and use the spaces within a building. Types of approaches: Frontal : A frontal approach leads directly to the entrance of a building along a straight, axial Path. the visual goal that terminates the approach Is clear; it may be the entire front façade of a buil- ding or an elaborated entrance within a plane. Oblique: An oblique approach enhances the e effect of perspective on the front façade and form of a building. The path can be redirected one or more times to delay and prolong the sequence of the approach. if a building is approached at an extreme angle, its entr- ance can project beyond its façade to be more clearly visible. Spiral: a spiral path prolongs the sequence of the appr- oach and emphasizes the three dimensional form of a building as we move around its perimeter. The building entrance might be viewed intermittently during the approach to clarify its position or it may be hidden until the point of arrival. Path. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Approach. Slide 19: Entering a building, a room within a building, or a defined field of exterior space, involves the act of penetrating a vertical plane that distinguishes one space from another and separates ‘here’ from ‘there’. Entrances may be grouped into the following categories: Flush: A flush entrance maintains the continuity of the Surface of the wall and can be if desired ,deliberately Obscured. Projected: A projected entrance forms a transitional space, announces its function to the approach, and provides overhead shelter. Recessed: a recessed entrance also provides shelter and Receives a portion of exterior space into the realm of the Building. Approach. Entr Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Entrance. Slide 20: All paths of movement, whether of people, cars, goods, or services, are linear in nature. And all the paths have a starting point, from which we are taken through a sequence of spaces to our destination. The intersection or crossing of paths is always a point of decision making for the person approaching it. The continuity and scale of each path at an intersection can help us distinguish between major routes leading to major spaces. When the paths at a crossing are equivalent to each another, sufficient space should be provided to allow people to pause and orient themselves. linear. Radial. Spiral. Grid. Network. Composite. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Configura-tion of the path. Slide 21: Paths may be related to the spaces they link in the following ways . they may: Pass by spaces: The integrity of each space is maintained. The configuration of the path is flexible. Mediating spaces can be used to link the path with the spaces. Pass through spaces : The path may pass though a space axially, obliquely, or along its edge. In cutting through a space, the path creates patterns of rest and movement within it. Terminate in a space: The location of the space establishes the path. this path space relationship is used to approach and enter functionally or symbolically important spaces. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Path-space relationship. Slide 22: Spaces for movement form an integral part of any building organization and occupy a significant amount of the volume of a building . if considered merely as functional linking devices, then circulation paths would be endless, corridor like spaces. The form and scale of a circulation space, however, should accommodate the movement of people as they promenade, pause, rest, or take in a view along a path. The form of circulation space varies according to how: Its boundaries are defined. Its form relates to the form of the spaces it links. Its qualities of scale, proportion, light, and view are articulated. Entrances open onto it. It handles changes in level with stairs and ramps. A circulation space may be: Enclosed: Forming a public general or private corridor that relates to the spaces it links though entrances in a wall plane. Open on one side: Forming a balcony or gallery that provides visual and spatial continuity with the spaces it links. Open on both sides: Forming a colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension of the space it passes through. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Form of the circulation space. Other points to be considered: : Other points to be considered: Proportion and scale. Organization of spaces. An example: Functions of public buildings. : Functions of public buildings. Ideologies: : Ideologies: One of the most famous maxims in contemporary design is that ‘‘Form Follows Function’’. As expressed by the American architect Louis Sullivan ,....it stands to reason that a thing looks like what it is , and vice-versa….[T]he outward appearances resemble inner purposes[I]f we call a building a form, then there should be a function, a purpose, a reason for each building,…and that the building, to be good architecture, must, first of all, clearly correspond with its function…[I]f a building is properly designed, one should be able with a little attention, to read through that building to the reason for that building. ‘‘How well does the form of the building communicate its function?’’ This question fits into a broader concern for the legibility of the city . A legible city should aid way finding, making it easier for people to move around ‘‘to find a friend’s house or a policeman or a button store’’ . If form follows function and thus clarifies the city image, it should contribute to a sense of ‘‘emotional security’’ and ‘‘satisfaction’’ . A visual feature (such as grilles on windows) may serve as a useful probabilistic cue for a non visual attribute of a place. The other things which enhance the functions of public building is services provided for the people. By creating good interactive spaces. The function of a public building is enhanced when it makes a person understand its function. Louis Sullivan. Kenneth s brown has given a new relation for function of building: : Kenneth s brown has given a new relation for function of building: Human characters can be related in public buildings, such as: Personality: the structure , aesthetics. Straight forward behaviour : the movement of spaces has to clear. Broad minded: building access The building should be adjustable as well as acceptable by the public. Then relies the function aspect properly. Transition of ancient to modern. : Transition of ancient to modern. Points considered in the front façade mainly: : Points considered in the front façade mainly: Its mainly following the old façade with new materials. This method is called replication or duplication of materials This is also one type of conservation only. Now a days latest materials are available like: Sand stone are replaced by sand stone tiles. These materials are durable Cost effective compared to one and another. These are the general transition noted in the public buildings and have to be used. These transition are important because it maintains grand and dignified enclosure which was created by master architects. These facades are designed on the basic framework ‘form follows function’. Some examples are given. : Pantheon , Rome. Infosys , Mysore. Secretariat of Kolkata. : References: Books referred to: form, space, and order of D.k.ching. louis sullivan techniques of designing. e-books referred from: pdf search engine.com functions of public buildings. components of public building. Websites referred are: www.wikipedia.com. www.wikimapia.com. www.flickr.com. www.riba.com. www.archinfo.com. www.archiexpo.com. Thank you. : Thank you. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Design considerations of public building ARCHITECT soumik.sim Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1832 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: May 02, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: bolehemail (15 month(s) ago) Dear sir, can i download this good info. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ravinafde (16 month(s) ago) Dear Meghanathan, Please let me know how to down load this presentation Regards Ravi Nafde Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nurhan13 (20 month(s) ago) How can we download the presentation? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nurhan13 (20 month(s) ago) I like the presentation and I think it brought up interesting considerations; I wonder if there is a more concrete definition to the concept 'public' Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: magaly123 (32 month(s) ago) super coool!!! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Design considerations of public building. : Design considerations of public building. Presented by:M.MEGANATHAN. Definition of building. : Definition of building. In architecture, construction, engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following: Any man-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy, or As an act of construction…. Definition of public building :These components form a public building. : Definition of public building :These components form a public building. Public buildings provide the tools for the administration and delivery of services. Public buildings are centers of learning, gathering places and work spaces for public employees and representatives. Within the walls of these buildings they teach, learn, heal, protect, administer justice and make or oversee public policy. Classification of public buildings. : Classification of public buildings. Types of public buildings based on there function: : Types of public buildings based on there function: (institutional buildings): School/college. University. Nursery school. Health centre. Nursing home. Hospital. Hostelries: Restaurant. Hotels & Inns. Hostel. Exhibition(recreation): Museum. Art gallery (public). Exhibition centre. Legislative buildings: Capitol complex. Councils and head offices. Education Medical: Hostelries: Exhibition(recreation): Legislative buildings: Slide 6: Sport: Sports ground/ Stadium. Theatre/concert hall. Cinema. Historic building/stately home. Miscellaneous: Prison/detention centre. Community centre. Job centre. Housing centre. These are some of the public building types. Sport: Miscellaneous: PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN. : PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN. ORDERING PRINCIPLES : ORDERING PRINCIPLES Order refers not simply to geometric regularity , but rather to a condition in which each part of a whole is properly designed with reference to other parts and to its purpose so as to produce a harmonious arrangement. Order without diversity can result in monotony or boredom; diversity without order can produce chaos. The ordering principles are seen as visual devices that allow the varied and diverse forms and spaces of a building to co exist perceptually and conceptually within an ordered, unified, and harmonious whole. The form and space of a public building should acknowledge the hierarchy inherent in the functions they accommodate, the users they serve, the purpose or meaning they convey , and the scope or context they address. Elements of ordering principles : Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Slide 9: A line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a symmetrical or balanced manner. The axis is prehaps the most elementary means of organizing forms and spaces in architecture. It is a line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in regular and irregular manner. The specific disposition of elements about an axis will determine whether the visual force of an axial organization is subtle, formal, and monotonous. since an axis is essentially a linear co ordination, it has qualities of length and direction, and induces movement and promotes views along its path. For its definition, an axis must be terminated at both of its ends by a significant form or space. The terminating elements of an axis serves and receive its visual thrust. Points in space established by vertical, linear or centralized building forms. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Axis. Itsukushima temple, Hiroshima. View from the temple toward Torii , a symbolic gateway in the sea. Slide 10: When an axial condition can exist without a symmetrical condition being simultaneously present , a symmetrical condition cannot exist without implying the existence of an axis or center about which it is structured. There are two fundamental types: Bilateral symmetry: Refers to the balanced arrangement of similar or equivalent elements on opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the whole into essentially identical halves. Radial symmetry: refers to the balanced arrangement of similar , radiating elements such that the composition can be divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle around a center point or along a central axis. Plan of an ideal church,1460,Antonio filarete . Hotel de beauvais,paris,1656,Antanio le pautre . Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Symmetry. Slide 11: The principles of hierarchy implies that in most if not all architectural compositions, real differences exist among their forms and spaces. These differences reflect the degree of importance of these forms and spaces , as well as the functional, formal , and symbolic roles they play in the organization. The values expressed may be individual or collective, personal or cultural. In any case, the manner in which the functional or symbolic differences among a building’s elements are revealed is critical to the establishment of a visible , hierarchical order among its forms and spaces. There are three basic fundamental in hierarchy: Hierarchy by size. Hierarchy by shape. Hierarchy by placement. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation. Hierarchy. a) b) c) Plan of an ideal church,c.1940,Leonardo da vinci. Slide 12: Rhythm refers to any movement characterized by a patterned recurrence of elements or motifs at regular or irregular intervals. The movement may be of our eyes as we follow recurring elements in a composition, or of our bodies as we advance through a sequence of spaces. In either case, rhythm incorporates the fundamental notion of repetition as a device to organize forms and spaces in architecture. Almost all building types incorporate elements that are by their nature repetitive. Beams and columns repeat themselves to form repetitive structural bays and modules of space. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Rhythm. Column details, Notre Dame la Grande , poitiers , France, 1130-45. Jami Masjid, Gulbarga ,India,1367. Slide 13: A datum refers to a line , plane , or volume of reference to which other elements in a composition can relate. It organizes a random pattern of elements through its regularity, continuity, and constant presence. The regularity of their spacing and their continuity organizes, clarifies, and accentuates the differences between the series of notes in a musical composition. A preceding section illustrated the ability of an axis to organize a series of elements along its length. In effect, the axis was serving as a datum. Line : a line can cut through or form a common edge for the pattern, while a grid of lines can form a neutral, unifying field for the pattern. Plane : a plane can gather the pattern of elements beneath it or serve as an encompassing background for the elements and frame them in its field. Volume : A volume can collect the pattern of elements Within its boundaries or organize them along its perimeter. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Datum. Slide 14: The study of architecture, as with other disciplines, should legitimately involve the study of its past, of prior experiences, endeavors, and accomplishments from which much can be learned and emulated. The principle of transformation accepts this notion; this book,and all of the examples it contains, is predicated on it. The principle of transformation allows a designer to select a prototypical architectural model whose formal structure and ordering of elements might be appropriate and reasonable, and to transform it through a series of discrete manipulations in order to respond to the conditions and context of the design task at hand. Design is a generative process of analysis and synthesis of trial of trying out possibilities and seizing opportunities. In the process of exploring an idea and probing its potential, it is essential that a designer understand the fundamental nature and structure of the concept. If the ordering system of a prototypical model is perceived and understood, then the original design concept can, through a series of finite permutations , be clarified, strengthened, and built upon, rather than destroyed. Axis. Symmetry. Hierarchy. Rhythm. Datum. Transformation Transform-ation. Plan development of North Indian Cella. Circulation of spaces. : Circulation of spaces. Circulation. : Circulation. ‘…. We have been observing that the human body , which is our most fundamental three dimensional possession , has not itself been central concern in the understanding of architectural form; that architecture, to the extent that it is considered an art, is characterized in its design stages as an abstract visual art and not as a body-centered art…we believe that the most essential and memorable sense of three dimensionality originates in the body experience and that this sense may constitute a basis for understanding spatial feeling in our experience of buildings. …The interplay between the world of our bodies and world of our bodies places is always in flux. We make places that are an expression of our haptic experiences even as these experience are generated by the places we have already created. whether we are conscious or innocent of this process, our bodies and our movement are in constant dialogue with our buildings.’ Charles Moore and Robert yudell. Body , memory, and architecture. 1977. Path of our movement can be conceived as the perceptual thread that links the spaces of a building or any series of interior or exterior spaces , togather. Since we move in time through a sequence of spaces. We experience a space in relation to where we’ve been and where we anticipate going. Bit boys hostel. corridor circulation space. Components of circulation spaces. : Components of circulation spaces. Approach: The distant view. Entrance : From outside to inside. Configuration of the path: The sequence of spaces. Path space relationships: edges, nodes, and terminations of the path. Form of the circulation space: corridors, halls, galleries, stairways and rooms. Slide 18: Prior to actually passing into the interior of a building, we approach its entrance along the path. This is the first phase of the circulation system, during which we are prepared to see, experience, and use the spaces within a building. Types of approaches: Frontal : A frontal approach leads directly to the entrance of a building along a straight, axial Path. the visual goal that terminates the approach Is clear; it may be the entire front façade of a buil- ding or an elaborated entrance within a plane. Oblique: An oblique approach enhances the e effect of perspective on the front façade and form of a building. The path can be redirected one or more times to delay and prolong the sequence of the approach. if a building is approached at an extreme angle, its entr- ance can project beyond its façade to be more clearly visible. Spiral: a spiral path prolongs the sequence of the appr- oach and emphasizes the three dimensional form of a building as we move around its perimeter. The building entrance might be viewed intermittently during the approach to clarify its position or it may be hidden until the point of arrival. Path. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Approach. Slide 19: Entering a building, a room within a building, or a defined field of exterior space, involves the act of penetrating a vertical plane that distinguishes one space from another and separates ‘here’ from ‘there’. Entrances may be grouped into the following categories: Flush: A flush entrance maintains the continuity of the Surface of the wall and can be if desired ,deliberately Obscured. Projected: A projected entrance forms a transitional space, announces its function to the approach, and provides overhead shelter. Recessed: a recessed entrance also provides shelter and Receives a portion of exterior space into the realm of the Building. Approach. Entr Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Entrance. Slide 20: All paths of movement, whether of people, cars, goods, or services, are linear in nature. And all the paths have a starting point, from which we are taken through a sequence of spaces to our destination. The intersection or crossing of paths is always a point of decision making for the person approaching it. The continuity and scale of each path at an intersection can help us distinguish between major routes leading to major spaces. When the paths at a crossing are equivalent to each another, sufficient space should be provided to allow people to pause and orient themselves. linear. Radial. Spiral. Grid. Network. Composite. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Configura-tion of the path. Slide 21: Paths may be related to the spaces they link in the following ways . they may: Pass by spaces: The integrity of each space is maintained. The configuration of the path is flexible. Mediating spaces can be used to link the path with the spaces. Pass through spaces : The path may pass though a space axially, obliquely, or along its edge. In cutting through a space, the path creates patterns of rest and movement within it. Terminate in a space: The location of the space establishes the path. this path space relationship is used to approach and enter functionally or symbolically important spaces. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Path-space relationship. Slide 22: Spaces for movement form an integral part of any building organization and occupy a significant amount of the volume of a building . if considered merely as functional linking devices, then circulation paths would be endless, corridor like spaces. The form and scale of a circulation space, however, should accommodate the movement of people as they promenade, pause, rest, or take in a view along a path. The form of circulation space varies according to how: Its boundaries are defined. Its form relates to the form of the spaces it links. Its qualities of scale, proportion, light, and view are articulated. Entrances open onto it. It handles changes in level with stairs and ramps. A circulation space may be: Enclosed: Forming a public general or private corridor that relates to the spaces it links though entrances in a wall plane. Open on one side: Forming a balcony or gallery that provides visual and spatial continuity with the spaces it links. Open on both sides: Forming a colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension of the space it passes through. Approach. Entrance. Configuration-on of the Path. Path-space relationship Form of the Circulation Space. Form of the circulation space. Other points to be considered: : Other points to be considered: Proportion and scale. Organization of spaces. An example: Functions of public buildings. : Functions of public buildings. Ideologies: : Ideologies: One of the most famous maxims in contemporary design is that ‘‘Form Follows Function’’. As expressed by the American architect Louis Sullivan ,....it stands to reason that a thing looks like what it is , and vice-versa….[T]he outward appearances resemble inner purposes[I]f we call a building a form, then there should be a function, a purpose, a reason for each building,…and that the building, to be good architecture, must, first of all, clearly correspond with its function…[I]f a building is properly designed, one should be able with a little attention, to read through that building to the reason for that building. ‘‘How well does the form of the building communicate its function?’’ This question fits into a broader concern for the legibility of the city . A legible city should aid way finding, making it easier for people to move around ‘‘to find a friend’s house or a policeman or a button store’’ . If form follows function and thus clarifies the city image, it should contribute to a sense of ‘‘emotional security’’ and ‘‘satisfaction’’ . A visual feature (such as grilles on windows) may serve as a useful probabilistic cue for a non visual attribute of a place. The other things which enhance the functions of public building is services provided for the people. By creating good interactive spaces. The function of a public building is enhanced when it makes a person understand its function. Louis Sullivan. Kenneth s brown has given a new relation for function of building: : Kenneth s brown has given a new relation for function of building: Human characters can be related in public buildings, such as: Personality: the structure , aesthetics. Straight forward behaviour : the movement of spaces has to clear. Broad minded: building access The building should be adjustable as well as acceptable by the public. Then relies the function aspect properly. Transition of ancient to modern. : Transition of ancient to modern. Points considered in the front façade mainly: : Points considered in the front façade mainly: Its mainly following the old façade with new materials. This method is called replication or duplication of materials This is also one type of conservation only. Now a days latest materials are available like: Sand stone are replaced by sand stone tiles. These materials are durable Cost effective compared to one and another. These are the general transition noted in the public buildings and have to be used. These transition are important because it maintains grand and dignified enclosure which was created by master architects. These facades are designed on the basic framework ‘form follows function’. Some examples are given. : Pantheon , Rome. Infosys , Mysore. Secretariat of Kolkata. : References: Books referred to: form, space, and order of D.k.ching. louis sullivan techniques of designing. e-books referred from: pdf search engine.com functions of public buildings. components of public building. Websites referred are: www.wikipedia.com. www.wikimapia.com. www.flickr.com. www.riba.com. www.archinfo.com. www.archiexpo.com. Thank you. : Thank you.