Earth's Interior

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Chapter 9: Earth’s Interior :

Chapter 9: Earth’s Interior

Chapter 9.1- Earth’s Core :

Chapter 9.1- Earth’s Core

Slide 4:

Earthquakes

Slide 5:

Earthquakes are caused when the Earth’s crust shifts suddenly

Slide 6:

Earth’s crust slips because stress builds up and when it overcomes friction it slips! Fault

Slide 7:

Seismic Waves Shock waves produced by Earthquakes that travels through the Earth

Slide 8:

Primary Waves: The fastest waves that can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. Secondary Waves: Slower waves that can travel through solids, but NOT liquids, and gases.

Seismograph :

Seismograph Instrument that detects P and S waves

Kabreet, Egypt :

Kabreet, Egypt

El Salvador, 2001 :

El Salvador, 2001

Thailand :

Thailand

SHAKING DAMAGE IN SAN FRANCISCO These horses were killed and the wagon was crushed by falling debris. Note the welts on the horses' hide made as they struggled in the leather harness during the earthquake. Horses reportedly snorted and whinnied before the shock and tried to run when the ground motion began. :

SHAKING DAMAGE IN SAN FRANCISCO These horses were killed and the wagon was crushed by falling debris. Note the welts on the horses' hide made as they struggled in the leather harness during the earthquake. Horses reportedly snorted and whinnied before the shock and tried to run when the ground motion began.

Loma Pieta, CA 1989 :

Loma Pieta, CA 1989

San Francisco, 1906 :

San Francisco, 1906

Slide 17:

Tombstones rotated off their bases in a cemetery near Anna, Ohio.

Washington, 1949 :

Washington, 1949

Slide 19:

Kobe Earthquake

In September 1985 a devastating earthquake shook Mexico City, Mexico, causing severe damage and destroying many of the city’s buildings. The quake left at least 9,500 people dead and about 30,000 homeless. (Richter Scale 8.1) :

In September 1985 a devastating earthquake shook Mexico City, Mexico, causing severe damage and destroying many of the city’s buildings. The quake left at least 9,500 people dead and about 30,000 homeless. (Richter Scale 8.1)

Inner Core :

Inner Core Solid Composed of iron & nickel Temperature reaches 5,000 °C Begins 5150 km (3218.75 m) below the Earth’s surface Distance of inner core is 1300 km (812.5 miles)

Outer Core :

Outer Core Surrounds the inner core Begins 2900 km (1812.5 m) below the surface Is 2250 km (1406.25 m) thick Composed of molten (hot liquid) iron and nickel 2200°C

9.2: Earth’s Mantle :

9.2: Earth’s Mantle Mantle: Directly above the outer core Extends to a depth of 2900 km (1812.5 m) below the surface 80% volume of the Earth 68% of the planets mass

Moho :

Moho Andrija Mohorovoicic Observed a change in speed of seismic waves as they moved through Earth Waves increased at a depth of 32 to 64 km Indicated difference of density

Mantle Components :

Mantle Components Mantle is composed of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium Density of mantle increases with depth due to higher & of iron Temperature ranges from 870°C to 2200°C

Slide 28:

Rock in the mantle flows like a thick liquid High temperature and pressure allow solid rock to flow Plasticity: When a solid has the ability to flow

9.3: Earth’s Crust :

9.3: Earth’s Crust Thin outermost layer Similar to an apple peel All life exists within a few hundred meters above crust

Slide 35:

Igneous Formed from magma cooling down and becoming rock!

Slide 37:

Sedimentary Formed from cementing of sediment Breccia

Slide 41:

Metamorphic Igneous or sedimentary rocks that change when heated or compressed for a long time

Oceanic Crust :

Oceanic Crust Crust beneath the oceans Less than 10 km thick Composed of silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium

Continental Crust :

Continental Crust Crust beneath the continents Average thickness of 32 km Thicker beneath mountains Composed of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium