Phonation

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Everything about phonation

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Phonation : 

Phonation

Objectives : : 

Objectives : What is Phonation? Functional Anatomy Mechanism of Phonation Importance of Phonatory Mechanism in Good Voice Production Degrees of Phonation Phonation Disorders

What is phonation ?! : 

What is phonation ?! It’s the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through periodic vibration.

Slide 4: 

Functional Anatomy http://www.argosymedical.com/Other/samples/animations/Phonation/index.html

Slide 5: 

Mechanism of Phonation Vocal Fold Oscillation

Slide 6: 

Oscillation is a repeated back-and-forth movement. What is oscillation? What makes vocal fold oscillation more interesting than a simple oscillator? It is a flow-induced oscillation: A steady stream of air passing by a wall or surface which can cause that surface to vibrate.

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Myo-elastic Aerodynamic Theory muscle; the vocal folds vocal fold is elastic and that we have active control over its elastic properties the motion of air and other gaseous fluids, and with the forces active on bodies in motion (such as the vocal folds) in relation to such fluids.

Slide 8: 

Myo-elastic Aerodynamic Theory http://www.argosymedical.com/Other/samples/animations/Phonation/index.html

Importance of Phonatory Mechanism in Good Voice Production : 

Importance of Phonatory Mechanism in Good Voice Production 1-The phonatory mechanism helps to determine the pitch of the voice. 2-The phonatory mechanism helps to determine the voice quality.

Degrees of Phonation : 

Degrees of Phonation 1- Voiceless No vibration 2- Breathy voice: the vocal cords vibrate while they are further apart 3- Modal voice (maximum vibration) 4- Stiff voice The glottal opening is narrower

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5- Creaky voice  : the vocal folds are compressed rather tightly >> laryngeal cavity is expanded. 7- Harsh voice >> ventricular voice or pressed voice 8-  whisper 6- Faucalized voice (hollow or yawny voice) Grater adduction than in breathy voice

Phonation Disorders : 

Phonation Disorders

Myasthenia Gravis : 

Myasthenia Gravis - auto-immune disease affect the nerve-muscle interface causing general muscle weakness. How does it affect the voice?: -Hoarseness -vocal fatigue -difficulty with controlling the pitch of the voice

Slide 14: 

Treatment: Anticholinesterases, which restore muscle strength and reduce the tendency toward fatigue

Parkinson’s Disease : 

Parkinson’s Disease Is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells a region of the midbrain. How dose it affect voice? - low volume voice with a "monotone" (expressionless) quality.

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Treatment: Managed by medication: Levodopa and dopamine agonists.

vocal hyper function : 

vocal hyper function It’s the functional abuse of the vocal mechanism. e.g: excessively loud speech. - Can cause nodule

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most common?

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Treatment: - speech therapy

Vocal Fold Paralysis : 

Vocal Fold Paralysis Inability of one or both vocal folds (vocal cords) to move. The paralysis is usually due to damage to the nerves going to the vocal cords or due to damage to the brain itself. How does it affect voice? Abductor: phonation in inspiration and exhalation Adductor: no phonation

Treatment : 

Treatment Voice therapy: to make the working vocal cord "compensate" for the vocal cord paralysis.. Surgical: Almost IMMEDIATE improvement of all symptoms seen, especially vocal quality and strength.

Vocal Cord Polyps : 

Vocal Cord Polyps DefinitionVocal cord polyps are noncancerous growths on the vocal cords that affect the voice. They are sometimes caused by vocal abuse.

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Treatment Small polyps can be treated with voice therapy, but typically they are surgically removed.

treatment : 

treatment • Treatment depends on the site and extent of involvement + consideration of other health issues the person may have. • Treatment optionso Surgeryo Laser surgeryo Radiation therapyo Chemotherapyo Combination therapy Vocal fold cancer

Slide 25: 

This is an example of a very early cancer of the vocal folds. If these lesions are detected early, they can be treated with either radiation or surgery, with a cure rate approaching 96%.

Thank You : 

Thank You