the head injured pt in er

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what to do in the ER when the head injured pt arrives

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The head injured pt in ER: 

The head injured pt in ER

AIM: 

AIM compromised brain: prevent further damage maintain biological environment Promote cellular recovery

Head Injuries Presenting To ER: 

Head Injuries Presenting To ER 35% hypoxic (PaO2 <65) 15% hypertensive (s BP <95 ) 12% anaemic ( Hct <30) Limb # 30%, Chest 29%, Abd 17%,Spine 6% ( Prof J D Miller, Edinburg )

ABC FIRST: 

ABC FIRST Informants history is important. Collar Airway : clear/ blood/ mucus/ foreign body Oxygen by mask SaO2 Breathing : Intubation--RR<12,>24, low Vt increased resp effort Circulation: 18, 16 I .V . line, saline If low BP-HI unlikely radial absent BP<80, carotid <60 -CPR Abdomen, Pelvis, Thigh Foleys catheter

Slide 5: 

GCS <8 ventilate ? Prevent hypoxic damage Resolves atelectasis Counteracts pulmonary edema Prevents aspiration Artifact free CT in restless patient Decreases ICP ( PaCo2 around 30 )

Neurological exam: : 

Neurological exam: GCS mild 14-15, mod 9-13, severe <8 AVPU, pupils ( herniation), EOMS ( Br stem integrity),Motor. Local exam : ecchymosis –orbit,mastoid Any rhinorrhoea,otorrhoea. Mannitol 0.5-1.0 g/Kg if BP stable.

Admit Whom?: 

Admit Whom? Altered sensorium Focal deficits Skull # Seizure, amnesia 30 mins Repeated vomiting ETOH Previous LOC, cranial surgery

Labs & Imaging: 

Labs & Imaging Once stable , investigate: Bloods, ABG, coag profile, Group, Xmatch CT Brain, Spine or Cx spine X ray CXR Seizure prophylaxis (Epsolin 1gm, Fosolin 1.5 Gm ) Spl Lines : CVP, Arterial

Slide 9: 

Good documentation is essential after repeated clinical examination. I D marks List of injuries File x ray, CT, USG reports Consent for procedures and discuss with relatives – prepare them for the ordeal ahead

Slide 10: 

Sub dural clot

Cranioplasty : 

Cranioplasty

Slide 12: 

SUBDURAL HEMATOMA

Extradural Hematoma: 

Extradural Hematoma

Slide 15: 

D E P R E S S E D #