micro organism in outer planets

Microorganism in outer planets: 

Microorganism in outer planets Sivakumar.p Bsa-05-278

Slide2: 

What does life need? Energy : Sun, volcanoes A liquid : Water Raw materials: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and minerals like iron and sulfur. Planets, the perfect place. They can have liquid water They contain raw materials Energy sources

Slide3: 

A habitable world Characteristics: Distance from its star, not too far, not too close Size, not too big, not too small Atmosphere to keep the planet warm and water liquid Water

Extreme microorganism: 

Extreme microorganism Alkaliphile: An organism that grows best at high pH values. Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus. Bacillus okhensis. Alkalibacterium iburiense. .

Acidophile: 

Acidophile An organism that grows best at acidic (low) pH values Archaea Acidianus brierleyi, A. infernus, Thermoacidophilic archaebacteria Metallosphaera sedula,

Bacteria: 

Bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T. thiooxidans, T. prosperus, T. acidophilus, T. organovorus, T. cuprinus, Acetobacter aceti, a bacterium that produces acetic acid (vinegar) from the oxidation of ethanol

Anaerobe: 

Anaerobe An organism that can grow in the absence of oxygen. Facultative Anaerobe: An organism that grows in the presence or in the absence of oxygen. Obligate Anaerobe: An organism that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen; the presence of oxygen either inhibits growth or kills the organism

Contd..,: 

Contd.., Endolith: An organism that lives inside rock or in the pores between mineral grains. Endoliths can survive by feeding on traces of iron, potassium, or sulfur. Oligotroph: An organism with optimal growth in nutrient limited conditions.

Methanogen: 

Methanogen An organism that produces methane from the reaction of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Methanobacteria Methanococci Methanopyri

Halophile: 

Halophile Halophile: An organism requiring high concentrations of salt for growth. Vibrio costicola Paracoccus halodenitrificans –moderate one. Extreme halophiles (9–25% NaCl): the photosynthetic bacterium -Ectothiorhodospira halophila, The actinomycete -Actinopolyspora halophila

Contd..,: 

Contd.., The halophylic archaebacteria Halobacterium volcanii and H. mediterranei. Extreme halophiles (require at least 10% NaCl; optima 15–30% NaCl) Halobacterium salinarium Halococcus morrhuae.

Contd..,: 

Contd.., Psychrophile: An organism with optimal growth at temperature 15 °C or lower. Leifsonia aurea found in the Antartica Piezophile (Barophile): An organism that lives optimally at high hydrostatic pressure. Methanococcoides burtonii was isolated from Ace Lake, Antartica.

Thermophile: 

Thermophile Thermophile :temperature 40 °C or higher. Hyperthermophile: temperature 80 °C or higher. Pyrococcus furiosus Thermus aquaticus Thermus thermophilus Chloroflexus aurantiacus (photosynthetic bacterium) Thermococcus litoralis Pyrodictium abyssi Bacillus stearothermophilus Thermobifida fusca

Contd..,: 

Contd.., Toxitolerant: An organism able to withstand high levels of damaging elements (e.g., pools of benzene, nuclear waste). Xerophile: An organism capable of growth at very low water activity. Trichosporonoides nigrescens

Slide15: 

Our Solar System Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto

Halophiles on Mars?: 

Halophiles on Mars? Great Salt Lake has high sodium chloride concentrations as well as a significant amount of sulfate. The same thing is form the evaporates discovered on the Meridiani Planum plains of Mars, a hypothesized salt lake. Si we know that halophiles can remain dormant for long periods of time, what would we find if we searched in salt crystals from the red planet?

mars: 

mars The scientists selected these extremophiles for the laboratory study because they are potentially relevant to life on cold, dry Mars. Halophiles could thrive in salty water underneath Mars's surface, which can remain liquid at temperatures well below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius).

mars: 

mars Methanogens could survive on a planet without oxygen, such as Mars. In fact, some scientists have proposed that methanogens produced the methane detected in Mars's atmosphere

Slide50: 

A habitable world