Nano-technology

Nano-technology & it’s usage in communication: 

Nano-technology & it’s usage in communication

Contents: 

Contents What is Nano-technology? Concept of nano-technology History Nano-technology in Nature Nano-technology & computer science Different Fields of applications Current research Implication Nanotechnology-today & tomorrow Conclusion References

What is nano-technology?: 

What is nano-technology? Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques or crafts or method. An area of science, research and technology concerned with extremely small things. The study of controlling of matter on atomic or molecular scale. The future of manufacturing technology based on manipulation of materials at the nano level.

definition: 

definition Nano means one billionth Nanotechnology deals with molecules between one and one hundred nanometers in diameter. Represents a process by which ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules is developed. “ Nanotechnology is science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It is the art & science of building stuff that does stuff at the nanometer scale. ” National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2007

definition: 

definition

Unit Comparison Unit Comparison : 

Unit Comparison Unit Comparison

Size Comparison : 

Size Comparison Ant = 5mm Head of Pin =1-2 mm Human hair = 10-120 µm diameter Red Blood Cells = 2-5 µm DNA = 2-12 nm Carbon Nano-tube =1.3nm diameter Carbon Bucky Ball = 1 nm

Concept of nano-technology: 

Concept of nano-technology Nano-technology is the concept of engineering functional mechanical systems at the molecular scale. Building machines at the molecular scale, designed and built atom-by-atom. Process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed.

history: 

history The idea of nanotechnology was born in December 29, 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman gave a lecture exploring the idea of building things at the atomic and molecular scale. He imagined the entire Encyclopedia Britannica written on the head of a pin.

history: 

history In1981, IBM scientists built the first scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This allows us to see single atoms by scanning a tiny probe over the surface of a silicon crystal. Later, Harold Kroto, Robert Curl and Richard Smalley were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for their discovery of a new composition of carbon, Carbon 60 in 1985. And in 1991, tiny, super-strong rolls of carbon atoms known as carbon nano-tubes were created. These are six times lighter, yet 100 times stronger than steel.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

A “ Buckyball .” A “Carbon Nano-tube ” Scanning Tunneling Microscope

NANO TECHNOLOGY IN NATURE: 

NANO TECHNOLOGY IN NATURE In nature Nano particles have existed for billons of years ago, in the form of:- Salt crystals in ocean breezes. Hydrocarbons in essential oils. Resins of trees (turpentine).

Nano-technology & computer science: 

Nano-technology & computer science University of California at Santa Barbara researchers have developed new nano-scale structures that will help to speed up the computers Creating more powerful microprocessors that will use less energy. Block co-polymer lithography techniques. Nano-RAM, novel semiconductor devices. Novel optoelectronic devices, displays (Carbon Nano-Tubes), Quantum computers.

Different Fields of applications : 

Different Fields of applications

applications: 

applications Chemistry and Environment. Catalysis Filtration Waste-water treatment Air purification Energy storage devices Energy. Batteries Energy Capture and Storage

applications: 

applications Information and Communication. Memory storage – cross bar switch Novel semi conductors – GMRR , TMR Novel opto-electrics – bandwidth more & high capacity and displays Heavy Industry: Computers can become a billion times faster and a million times smaller Automatic Pollution Cleanup Manufacturing at almost no cost

applications: 

applications Medicine End of Illnesses (i.e. cancer, heart disease) Universal Immunity (i.e. aids, flu) Body Sculpting (i.e. change your appearance) Materials: With nano-technology, we can create unique materials and products which are: Stronger Lighter Cheaper Durable Precise

Current research: 

Current research Nano-machine: Nano-machines are biological or artificial created nano-scale devices or components that are capable of performing only very simple tasks of computation, sensing, or actuation in its very close environment, because of their limited size and limited complexity. Furthermore, nano-machines can be used as building blocks to perform more complex systems, such as nano-robots and nano-computing devices. Nano-machines are largely in the research and development phase, but some primitive molecular machines have been tested

Current research: 

Current research Nano-networks: Nano-networks will provide the infrastructure and mechanism to enable the communication between multiple nano-machines. Networked nano-machines may also cover larger areas, ranging from meters to kilometers, and expand the limited workspace of a single nano-machine which can only perform nano-scale objectives. This interaction between nano-machines can be carried out throughout several means: nano-mechanical, acoustic, electromagnetic, and chemical or molecular; in the former, communication between transmitter and receiver is pursued through mechanical contact, more specifically, through hard junctions between linked devices.

Current research: 

Current research Approaches for Nano-machines Development : Three different approaches for nano-machines development have been defined: Bottom- up approach method: That is, arranging smaller components into more complex assemblies. Top-down approach method: That is, creating smaller devices by using large ones to direct their assembly. Bio-hybrid Approach: That is, use of biomimetics to study the nature's way of performing different tasks.

implication: 

implication Potential risks of nano-technology can be broadly be grounded into three areas:- Health issues: The effect of nano materials on human biology. Environmental issues: The effects of nano materials on the environment. Societal issues: The effects that the availability of nano-technological devices will have on politics and human interaction.

Nanotechnology-today & tomorrow: 

Nanotechnology-today & tomorrow Applied in almost all sectors in today’s world- Diagnostics Drug delivery Tissue engineering Catalysis Filtration Aerospace Construction Refineries etc.

Nanotechnology-today & tomorrow: 

Nanotechnology-today & tomorrow New applications of nano-technology expected in 2-5 years- Implantable devices that automatically administer drugs and sense drug levels. Real time diagnostics for physicians. Sensors for airborne chemicals or other toxins. Improved solar cells and fuel cells. Faster, smarter and inexpensive computers.

conclusion: 

conclusion Like electricity or computers, nano-technology will offer greatly improved efficiency in almost every facet of life. Nanotechnology is a cutting edge investigation area that has come out with new and unlimited applications. The recent explosion of research in this field, combined with important discoveries in molecular biology have created a new interest in bio-nano-robotic communication. Moreover, bio-mimetic and its principles will greatly influence the field of nano-robotics and nanotechnology. Hence, a continuous advancement in bio-nanotechnology is expected for the next decades

References: 

References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology http://www.newscientist.com http://wanderlustmind.com/2009/01/18/interactive-nanotech-food http://scienceblogs.com/framing-science/2008/05/at_the_new_york_times_and_glob.php http://1nanotechnology.blogspot.com/2007/08/conclusion.html