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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Topologies : Topologies PRADEEP SINGH Sr. Engineer Microsoft 9911795115 TOPOLOGIES : TOPOLOGIES The term Topology refers to the way a network is laid out, either physically or logically Two or more devices connected to a link Two or more links form a topology The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices (nodes) to each other Topology defines the physical or logical arrangement of links in a network TOPOLOGIES : TOPOLOGIES There are five major topologies in use today: Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, and Mesh. Each is used for specific network types, although some network types can use more than one topology. Topology : Topology Topology : Topology Peer-to-Peer : where the devices share the link equally (Ring, Mesh) Primary-Secondary: where one device controls traffic and the others must transmit through it (Star, Tree) A Bus topology is equally convenient for either Topologies: Mesh : Topologies: Mesh In a Mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device The term dedicated means that the link carries traffic only between the two devices it connects A fully connected Mesh network therefore has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices To accommodate that many links, every device on the network must have (n-1) input/ output ports Mesh Diagram : Mesh Diagram Pros and Cons (Mesh) : Pros and Cons (Mesh) Dedicated links; guarantees that each connection can carry its own data load Mesh topology is Robust, if one link becomes unusable it does not incapacitate the entire system Privacy and Security Easily Fault identification and fault isolation Pros and Cons (Mesh) : Pros and Cons (Mesh) More amount of cabling and I/O ports are required Installation and reconfiguration are difficult Hardware required to connect each link (I/O ports and Cables) can be prohibitively expensive Mesh networks are not used much in local area networks (LANs) but are used in Wide Area Networks (WANs) where reliability is important Topologies: Star : Topologies: Star In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a HUB The devices are not directly linked to each other The controller acts as an exchange: if one device wants to send data to another, it sends the data to controller Only one device is permitted to use each port on the hub. Star Diagram : Star Diagram Pros and Cons (Star) : Pros and Cons (Star) Advantages of a Star Topology Easy to install and wire. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology Requires more cable length than a linear topology. If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators. Topologies: Tree : Topologies: Tree A tree topology can be thought of as being a "Star of Stars" network. In a Tree network, each device is connected to its own port on a concentrator in the same manner as in a Star. However, concentrators are connected together in a hierarchical manner -- i.e. a hub will connect to a port on another hub. Topologies: Tree : Topologies: Tree Branching cable with no closed loops Cable(s) begin at headend, travel to branches which may have branches of their own Each transmission propagates through network, can be received by any station Tree Diagram : Tree Diagram Pros and Cons (Tree) : Pros and Cons (Tree) Advantages of a Tree Topology Point-to-point wiring for individual segments. Supported by several hardware and software venders. Disadvantages of a Tree Topology Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down. More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies. Topologies: Bus : Topologies: Bus The simplest topology to understand is the Bus. In a Bus, all the devices on the network are connected to a common cable. Normally, this cable is terminated at either end, and can never be allowed to form a closed loop. Bus Diagram : Bus Diagram Topologies: Bus : Topologies: Bus Multipoint medium Stations attach to linear medium (bus) using tap Full-duplex between station and tap Transmission from any stations travels entire medium (both directions) Termination required at ends of bus Pros and Cons (Bus) : Pros and Cons (Bus) Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. Requires less cable length than a star topology. Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down. Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building. Topologies: Ring : Topologies: Ring Repeaters are joined by unidirectional point-to-point links in a ring As a frame circulates past a receiver, the receiver checks its address, and copies those intended for it into a local buffer Frame circulates until it returns to source, which removes it from network Ring Diagram : Ring Diagram Topologies: Ring : Topologies: Ring A Ring topology is very similar to the Bus. In a Ring, all the devices on the network are connected to a common cable which loops from machine to machine. After the last machine on the network, the cable then returns to the first device to form a closed loop. Pros and Cons (Ring) : Pros and Cons (Ring) Advantages of Ring topology: easy to install and reconfigure To add or delete a device requires moving only two connections Fault Isolation is simplifies Disadvantages of Ring topology: unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage In a simple ring, a break in the ring can disable the entire network Considerations When Choosing a Topology : Considerations When Choosing a Topology Money. A linear bus network may be the least expensive way to install a network; you do not have to purchase concentrators. Length of cable needed. The linear bus network uses shorter lengths of cable. Future growth. With a star topology, expanding a network is easily done by adding another concentrator. Cable type. The most common cable in schools is unshielded twisted pair, which is most often used with star topologies. Considerations When Choosing a Topology : Considerations When Choosing a Topology Factors to consider include reliability, flexibility/expandability, and performance Bus/tree is most flexible Tree topology easy to lay out Ring provides high throughput, but reliability problems Star can be high speed for short distances, but has limited expandability Star Layout - Bus Topology : Star Layout - Bus Topology Star layout - Ring Topology : Star layout - Ring Topology You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Topologies : Topologies PRADEEP SINGH Sr. Engineer Microsoft 9911795115 TOPOLOGIES : TOPOLOGIES The term Topology refers to the way a network is laid out, either physically or logically Two or more devices connected to a link Two or more links form a topology The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices (nodes) to each other Topology defines the physical or logical arrangement of links in a network TOPOLOGIES : TOPOLOGIES There are five major topologies in use today: Bus, Ring, Star, Tree, and Mesh. Each is used for specific network types, although some network types can use more than one topology. Topology : Topology Topology : Topology Peer-to-Peer : where the devices share the link equally (Ring, Mesh) Primary-Secondary: where one device controls traffic and the others must transmit through it (Star, Tree) A Bus topology is equally convenient for either Topologies: Mesh : Topologies: Mesh In a Mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device The term dedicated means that the link carries traffic only between the two devices it connects A fully connected Mesh network therefore has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices To accommodate that many links, every device on the network must have (n-1) input/ output ports Mesh Diagram : Mesh Diagram Pros and Cons (Mesh) : Pros and Cons (Mesh) Dedicated links; guarantees that each connection can carry its own data load Mesh topology is Robust, if one link becomes unusable it does not incapacitate the entire system Privacy and Security Easily Fault identification and fault isolation Pros and Cons (Mesh) : Pros and Cons (Mesh) More amount of cabling and I/O ports are required Installation and reconfiguration are difficult Hardware required to connect each link (I/O ports and Cables) can be prohibitively expensive Mesh networks are not used much in local area networks (LANs) but are used in Wide Area Networks (WANs) where reliability is important Topologies: Star : Topologies: Star In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a HUB The devices are not directly linked to each other The controller acts as an exchange: if one device wants to send data to another, it sends the data to controller Only one device is permitted to use each port on the hub. Star Diagram : Star Diagram Pros and Cons (Star) : Pros and Cons (Star) Advantages of a Star Topology Easy to install and wire. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology Requires more cable length than a linear topology. If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators. Topologies: Tree : Topologies: Tree A tree topology can be thought of as being a "Star of Stars" network. In a Tree network, each device is connected to its own port on a concentrator in the same manner as in a Star. However, concentrators are connected together in a hierarchical manner -- i.e. a hub will connect to a port on another hub. Topologies: Tree : Topologies: Tree Branching cable with no closed loops Cable(s) begin at headend, travel to branches which may have branches of their own Each transmission propagates through network, can be received by any station Tree Diagram : Tree Diagram Pros and Cons (Tree) : Pros and Cons (Tree) Advantages of a Tree Topology Point-to-point wiring for individual segments. Supported by several hardware and software venders. Disadvantages of a Tree Topology Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down. More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies. Topologies: Bus : Topologies: Bus The simplest topology to understand is the Bus. In a Bus, all the devices on the network are connected to a common cable. Normally, this cable is terminated at either end, and can never be allowed to form a closed loop. Bus Diagram : Bus Diagram Topologies: Bus : Topologies: Bus Multipoint medium Stations attach to linear medium (bus) using tap Full-duplex between station and tap Transmission from any stations travels entire medium (both directions) Termination required at ends of bus Pros and Cons (Bus) : Pros and Cons (Bus) Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. Requires less cable length than a star topology. Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down. Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building. Topologies: Ring : Topologies: Ring Repeaters are joined by unidirectional point-to-point links in a ring As a frame circulates past a receiver, the receiver checks its address, and copies those intended for it into a local buffer Frame circulates until it returns to source, which removes it from network Ring Diagram : Ring Diagram Topologies: Ring : Topologies: Ring A Ring topology is very similar to the Bus. In a Ring, all the devices on the network are connected to a common cable which loops from machine to machine. After the last machine on the network, the cable then returns to the first device to form a closed loop. Pros and Cons (Ring) : Pros and Cons (Ring) Advantages of Ring topology: easy to install and reconfigure To add or delete a device requires moving only two connections Fault Isolation is simplifies Disadvantages of Ring topology: unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage In a simple ring, a break in the ring can disable the entire network Considerations When Choosing a Topology : Considerations When Choosing a Topology Money. A linear bus network may be the least expensive way to install a network; you do not have to purchase concentrators. Length of cable needed. The linear bus network uses shorter lengths of cable. Future growth. With a star topology, expanding a network is easily done by adding another concentrator. Cable type. The most common cable in schools is unshielded twisted pair, which is most often used with star topologies. Considerations When Choosing a Topology : Considerations When Choosing a Topology Factors to consider include reliability, flexibility/expandability, and performance Bus/tree is most flexible Tree topology easy to lay out Ring provides high throughput, but reliability problems Star can be high speed for short distances, but has limited expandability Star Layout - Bus Topology : Star Layout - Bus Topology Star layout - Ring Topology : Star layout - Ring Topology