STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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sir plz send me ur presentation on my mail account

Presentation Transcript

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM:

STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM

Slide 2:

EVERY SUBSTANCE IS MADE OF ATOM THE ATOM IS ORDINARILY NEUTRAL NUMBER OF POSITIVELY CHARGED CHARGES IS EQUAL TO NUMBER OF NEGATIVELY CHARGED CHARGES

DALTONS ATOMIC THEORY:

DALTONS ATOMIC THEORY THE ENGLISH CHEMIST DALTON PROPOSED THE ATOMIC THEORY IN YEAR 1808 HIS THORY IS CONSIDERED TO BE FUNDAMENTAL THEORY ABOUT COMPOSITION OF MATTER HE PROPOSED THAT MATTER CONSISTS OF VERY SMALL PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS AN ATOM IS A HARD , SOLID BALL AND IS INDIVISIBLE

DALTONS CAPABILITY:

DALTONS CAPABILITY DALTONS THEORY DOES NOT PROPOSE ANYTHING ABOUT POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES HENCE IT WAS NOT ABLE TO EXPLAIN MANY OF THE PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES

THOMSAN’S THEORY:

THOMSAN’S THEORY IN 1897 JJ THOMSAN PROPOSED A THEORY HE COMPARED AN ATOM WITH WATERMELON A WATERMELON HAS RED EDIBLE PART IN BLACK SEEDS ARE EMBEDDED THOMSANS THEORY PROPOSED THAT POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES ARE LIKE RED PART AND BLACK SEED LIKE ELECTRON ACC TO HIS THEORY AS THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES ARE EQUAL ATOM WHOLE AS RESULTANAT CHARGE

THOMSANS CONTRIBUTION:

THOMSANS CONTRIBUTION HIS CONTRIBUTION WAS TO PROVE BY EXPIREMENTATION THE EXISTENCE OF NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRONS IN ATOM HE AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE IN 1906 ALTHOUGH HIS EX EXPLAIN WHY ATOM IS NEUTRAL

VIDEO ON THOMSANS THEORY:

VIDEO ON THOMSANS THEORY

RUTHERFORDS THEORY:

RUTHERFORDS THEORY HE BOMBARDED A VERY THIN LAYER OF GOLD WITH POSITIVELY CHARGED ALPHA RAYS HE FOUND MOST RAYS WENT WITHOUT ENCOUNTERING OBSTACLE A FEW WERE TURNED BACK FROM SHEET

VIDEO ON RUTHER FORDS THEORY:

VIDEO ON RUTHER FORDS THEORY

PROPOSITION OF RUTHERFORD:

PROPOSITION OF RUTHERFORD THE NUCLEUS AT THE CENTRE OF ATOM HAS THEPOSITIVE CHARGE MOST OF THE MASS OF ATOM IS CONCENTRATED AT THE CENTRE THE ELECTRONS REVOLVE AROUND THE NUCLEUS IN COMPARISON WITH THE SIZE OF THE ATOM THE NUCLEUS IS VERY SMALL

Slide 11:

YEAR 1808 DALTONS MODEL YEAR 1897 THOMSANS MODEL YEAR 1911 RUTHERFORD MODEL HARD AND SOLID BALL POSTIVELY CHARGED NEGATIVELY CHARGED EMPTY SPACE ELECTRON POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEUS

PROTON:

PROTON POSITIVELY CHARGED FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE LOCATED IN NUCLEUS

ELECTRON:

ELECTRON NEGATIVELY CHARGED FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE REVOLVE AROUND NUCLUES MASS IS NEGILIGIBLE

NEUTRON:

NEUTRON FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE IN NUCLEUS DOES NOT HAVE ANY CHARGE

ATOM IS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL:

ATOM IS ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL ELECTRONS AND PROTON ARE EQUAL IN NUMBER MUCH EMPTY SPACE

ATOMIC NUMBER:

ATOMIC NUMBER THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS OR PROTONS IN ATOM IS CALLED THE ATOMIC NO IT IS DENOTED BY Z

ATOMIC MASS NUMBER:

ATOMIC MASS NUMBER ATOMIC MASS NUMBER IS EQUAL TO SUM OF NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS A= p+n IT IS DENOTED BY A