james lee and claire shih chem

Production and function of chemicals:

Production and function of chemicals James Lee, Clair Shih to Ms.Bell

Introduction to function and production of chemicals:

Introduction to function and production of chemicals ENERGY CATALYST OXYDATION, REDUCTION HYDROGEN BONDING ACID AND BASE EQUILIBRIUM

1.Catalysts used chemical production:

1.Catalysts used chemical production A catalyst is something which changes the rate of a chemical reaction by breaking down the reaction into several parts that require less activation energies than before.

Examples of Catalysts:

Examples of Catalysts DOESN’T CHANGE

Application of Catalyst:

Application of Catalyst Epoxyethane is manufactured by reacting ethane with a limited amount of oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst. Silver catalyst makes this reaction possible to happen under non-extreme environment so we can work much more safely and efficiently . SILVER

2.Oxidation and Reduction Reaction in Production of Chemicals:

2.Oxidation and Reduction Reaction in Production of Chemicals Oxidation-reduction reactions are widely used to produce chemicals that are used in manufacturing. Ex) Sulphuric Acid

How to manufacture Sulfuric Acid?:

How to manufacture Sulfuric Acid? S is oxidized to form SO2, SO2 is oxidized to form SO3 Then, SO3 is dissolved into water to form H2SO4 0 +4 +4 +6 OXIDIZED!

3.Hydrogen bond and function of chemicals:

3.Hydrogen bond and function of chemicals Definition: Hydrogen bonding is a particularly strong form of dipole-dipole attraction. Properties: High M.P., B.P., high solubility in water.

Properties & functions of Ethanol:

Properties & functions of Ethanol Ethanol, CH 3 –CH 2 –OH is the second most important solvent after water Very polar due to its OH group, has H-bond Readily absorbs water from the air

pH:

Antacids Neutralization reaction in the stomach to reduce acidity taken by mouth Tetracycline pH

pH:

acid base balance is very important to medicine 6.8 - 7.7 Acidotic patient, the drug becomes ionized, which decreases it's lipid solubility pH

Energy :

Hot/cold packs are used by athletes to minimize swelling of injuries such as muscle and joint sprains constructed of a large pouch containing a dry chemical plus an inner pouch of water. activated by breaking the seal on the pouch of water and shaking the pack vigorously. Energy

Energy:

Chemicals can store energy and release it in the form of heat. Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction Energy

Energy:

endothermic process It absorbs heat energy this process will lower the temperature of the content of the pack. it is a good candidate for making a cold pack Energy

Energy:

exothermic process It releases heat energy It will raise the temperature of the content of the pack. it is a good candidate for making a hot pack Energy

Equilibrium:

occurs when there is a constant ratio between the concentration of the reactants and the products. Different reactions have different equilibria. A reverse reaction is when the written reaction goes from right to left instead of the forward reaction which proceeds from left to right. Equilibrium

Equilibrium:

Le Chatelier's principle Factors -concentration -volume/pressure -temperature -catalyst Equilibrium

Equilibrium:

*changing the concentration H 2 + I 2 <--->2HI *changing the volume/pressure N 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) <-> 2NH 3 (g) *changing temperature PCl 3 (g) + Cl 2 (g) <----> PCl 5 (g) + energy *using a catalyst Equilibrium

Conclusion:

production and function of chemical are undoubtedly vital in different areas. silver catalyst results a safe environment for workers hold/cold pack minimize injury The impact of chemical production and function to our society are significant, both in good ways and bad ways. Conclusion

Bibliography:

AUS-e-TUTE. Chemistry Tutorial : Sulfuric Acid Production, Properties and Uses. Retrieved April 23, 2011, from http://www.ausetute.com.au/sulfacid.html Ophardt, C. (2003). Hydrogen Bonds. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/161Ahydrogenbond.html Schiller, M. (2011). Ethanol as a solvent – EasyChem. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from < http://www.easychem.com.au/production-of-materials/renewable- ethanol/ethanol-as-a-solvent> Marketing, E-Web. "Acid-Base Titration (English) - Education - ADInstruments." Data Acquisition (DAQ) Software Systems - ADInstruments. Retrived 01 May 2011 from<http://www.adinstruments.com/solutions/experiments/labtutor_experiments/full.php?exp_id=180>. University of Canterbury . Examples and types of catalysts. Retrieved April 26, 2011, from <http://www.chem.canterbury.ac.nz/letstalkchemistryelectronicversion/electronicversionnew/chapter16/catalyst.shtml> S ü d-Chemie. (2006, June). Catalysts for the Production of Chemicals. Retrieved April 24, 2011, from http://www.sudchemie.com/scmcms/web/page_en_3221.htm Bibliography

Thank you for watching :

Thank you for watching 