Psychology of Learning A Theory in Foreign Languag

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Theory of Learning: Learning English as Foreign Language in Indonesia EDLE 5033: Psychology of Learning Usep Syaripudin

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Introduction English is one of the foreign languages that are compulsory subjects in Indonesia It is one of the required subjects for Indonesian students to graduate from all level of education, especially from Elementary to High School.

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Problems in English Teaching and Learning There are many people who claim that formal education institution, schools, cannot result satisfying output from English learning Less than 50% senior high school graduates can communicate in English even they have good grammar understanding; and what is going on in rural area is much worse than in urban area

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Suspected Causes The lack of learning facilities and support the quality of human resources is often mentioned as one of the causes for this condition

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The Objectives of English in the Curriculum Elementary Junior High Senior High College/University Communicative Skills Intermediate Advanced

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English Teaching Practice in Indonesia Teachers more focus on grammatical aspects when teaching English rather than to communicative aspects. They treat English as if it is math or science in which the tenses formulation becomes the major topic in learning The focus of English teaching on grammatical aspect has given bad impact on students’ attitude toward English in which they see English is as difficult as math and science

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Theories of Foreign Language Learning Acculturation theory Linguistic universal grammar theory Inter-language theory acculturation process and degree to which of learner acculturate to the target language group posits that foreign language learning must start from learning grammar and support from environment focuses on the process of language transfer from first language to target language through communication strategies Combined Theories Context Needs and Interests Resources

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The Context, the Students, and the Subject The second grade of Junior High School. In Indonesia, second grade students of Junior High School fall in the age between 13 and 14. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development: concrete operational and formal operational; characterized by intelligence that is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbol and developed to the logical use of symbol related to abstract concepts The objective of English learning is students are able to communicate both in spoken and written in English for describing persons, events, and things, and recounting past events or things.

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The Learning Three essentials conditions Exposure Use Motivation

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Learning method Develop best learning material and lesson plan Objectives Grammar-Translation Method which focuses on grammar aspects of the target language Cognitive approach introduced for the first time the four skills of English: speaking, listening, writing, and reading Audio-lingual method used electronic devices for helping students to improve their listening skill communicative approach, community language learning, and total physical response (TPR) The key is not what method will be used, but how its implementation. Any given method is only as effective as its implementation

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Communicative approach and total physical response (TPR) On meaningful communication not structure. Students are guided not to learn a language, but learn how to use a language. On language learning in which students give physical response to the instruction given by teacher. It requires physical movement

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The Principle Learning Environment students will learn in better way if they knew the benefit of the knowledge and knew how to use and implement the new language. They feel more motivated when they know that what they have learned can be implemented in real-life situation and they can give positive impact to their environment. In the book, How People Learn, McCombs (1996) and Pintrinch and Schunk (1996) suggested that 'learners are well motivated when they can see the usefulness of what they are learning' (p. 61). Learner-Centered Classroom

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Teaching-Learning Processes Objectives: students are able to describe person, events, and things both in written and spoken language, and must cover the four skills of English; reading, listening, writing, and speaking Method and Approach communicative approach and total physical response (TPR) Phases building knowledge of the field and modeling Joint Construction Process Individual Construction Process Reinforcement, repetition, and modeling

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Motivation Thanosulas (2010) identified basic motivational condition as follows: Appropriate teacher behavior and good teacher-student rapport; A pleasant and supportive classroom atmosphere; and A cohesive learner group characterized by learners’ group norms. (Par. 10).

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Although I used communicative and TPR method for my teaching, but it does not mean that other theories or models are not good. I believe that there is no single one model or theory can be the best for teaching and learning of foreign language. What important is not what theory or model we use, but how its implementation. The key is teacher creativity in delivering the teaching. Conclusion

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Thank You Very Much