EUROPEAN UNION :EUROPEAN UNION MAYUR CHATURVEDI RAHUL RATHOD ASHOK VARMA ABHISHEK MISHRA GOVINDA AGRAWAL


Slide 2:The European Union


What is the EU:The Origins :What is the EU:The Origins Making war unthinkable among Europeans Together managing main materials used in war: coal and steel


What is the EU: Its birth :What is the EU: Its birth 9 May 1950: Schuman the Prime Minister of France calls for a European Coal and Steel Community 6 founding States decide to share and co-manage coal and steel.


Cont………….. :Cont………….. The 6 founding States decide to share and co-manage other policy areas and to build up an economic union (Treaty of Rome, 1957) Other members joined gradually in the following years


HISTORY :HISTORY The European Union (EU) is a union of twenty-five independent states based on the European Communities and founded to enhance political, economic and social co-operation. Formerly known as European Community (EC) or European Economic Community (EEC). Date of foundation: 1st November, 1993. New members since 1st January, 1995: Austria, Finland, Sweden. Euro currency


COUNTRIES IN THE EU :COUNTRIES IN THE EU Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Ten countries have joined the EU on 2004-05-01:Cyprus , the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.


CHERESTERSTICS OF EU :CHERESTERSTICS OF EU The Schengen Visa Agreement There is a single visa for all the EU countries, except the United Kingdom and Ireland, called the Schengen Visa. Although Norway and Iceland are not members of the EU they implement the Schengen Visa scheme. This visa allows a person to visit one or several of the Schengen countries for business, tourism and visiting relatives for maximum of 90 days every six months. The European Commission Delegation has no responsibilty for issuing visas. The Member State Embassies continue to provide this service. The purpose of the Schengen Agreement is to enable people to move freely between the countries that are a party to it. All who enter or leave the Schengen Zone, however, are to be carefully checked.


What the EU means for its citizens: examples :What the EU means for its citizens: examples Cheap and easy flights around Europe EU laws pushing for: The opening of more routes Lower prices


Slide 10:Mobile phones EU laws pushing for: Investment in research Making mobile phones work all around Europe Lower Prices Previously different systems in each country, a common one now.


Slide 11:The European Commission: common interest of the Union, proposes legislation ≈ government The European Parliament: represents the people, decides legislation ≈ Diet The EU Council: Ministers of Member States, decides legislation How it is organised: The institutions


Slide 12:The people of the EU are all different but united as Europeans These differences make up European culture The EU has 23 official languages: Unity in Diversity


Some historical developments :Some historical developments The Euro A single European currency Introduced in 2002 15 countries use the Euro today Bank notes are illustrated with examples of European architecture One side of the coins is different in each Euro country, the other is the same for all


EU in the World: a trading power :EU in the World: a trading power EU is the main exporter in the world EU is the second largest importer EU is the third largest export market for Japan, and its third largest source of imports


The Lisbon Treaty :The Lisbon Treaty The functioning of the EU is based on Treaties, not on a constitution Greater cooperation on more issues More democracy and transparency Fairer voting system and more efficient decision making


TRADE AND RELATION WITH INDIA :TRADE AND RELATION WITH INDIA The cornerstone of European Union's link with India lies in its trade and investment relationship. The EU is India's largest trading and investment partner. The bilateral trade constitutes a quarter of India's total trade while EU investment is around 14 percent of India's total foreign direct investment inflows received during the period 1991 to May 2002.


Cont………… :Cont………… In 2002, the main products exported by India to EU were textiles and clothing, gems and jewellery, leather and leather goods, engineering goods, chemicals and allied products and agriculture and allied products. It is interesting to note that textiles and clothing, leather and leather goods and gems and jewellery constitute more than 55 percent of total Indian exports to EU.


EXPORTS FROM INDIA TO EU :EXPORTS FROM INDIA TO EU The trends of commodity exports from India to EU, follow a predictable pattern in most years. This has been an area of concern for policy makers on both sides and efforts have been made in recent years to widen the basket of goods that can be traded between the two trading partners. One of the major initiatives that have been launched in this context has been the Joint Sectoral Studies that have been conducted between the private sectors of both sides. So far, eight sectoral studies, namely, food processing, mechanical engineering, information technology, telecommunications, energy and power, textiles, biotechnology and financial services, have been conducted.


Our major items of export to Europe are :Our major items of export to Europe are gems and jewellery, textiles including yarn / fabrics / made-ups / readymade garments, drugs & pharmaceuticals, leather garments / goods / footwear, finished leather, machinery and instruments, manufactures of metals, handicrafts, transport equipment, coffee, dyes/intermediates, organic / inorganic / agro-chemicals, carpets, marine products, plastics and linoleum products, cashew, tea, electronic goods etc.


The major items of import from Europe are :The major items of import from Europe are gold & silver, pearls, precious & semi-precious stones, machinery, project goods, electronic goods, organic chemicals, iron & steel, professional instruments, transport equipment, medicinal & pharmaceutical products, machine tools, artificial resins, plastic materials, manufactures of metals, paper board & manufactures, metalifers ores & scrap, non-ferrous metals, petroleum crude & products, etc. Pearls, precious/semi-precious stones, machinery and gold accounted for about 50% of our imports from Europe during 2002-03.


Slide 22:European Union is India's largest trading partner. However, despite the fact that more than US $ 11 Billion exports of India are directed to EU, India's share in EU's global imports is around 1% and India ranks 20th as EU's trading partner. With nearly 370 million citizens with high purchasing power and a common currency (Euro) in most of the EU countries, it is also India’s largest potential market. Foreign direct investment (FDI) approved from EU countries from January, 1991 to March, 2003 is over US $ 16 billion out of which the actual inflow is over US $ 5 billion. The top sectors attracting FDI and technology transfer from EU are fuels(power & oil refinery), telecommunications, transportation industries, chemicals(other than fertilizers), metallurgical industries, electrical equipments (including computer software & electronics) and industrial machinery.


Slide 23:INDIA-EUROPE TRADE (Value in US $ Million)


Slide 25:More than 3400 technical collaborations have been approved with companies from EU countries. The UK, Germany, the Netherlands and France are among the top 10 countries from which FDI has been approved in India during the above mentioned period. India and the EU countries have enjoyed healthy economic relations both individually and collectively.


LAWS BETWEEN INDIA AND EU :LAWS BETWEEN INDIA AND EU These relations are built on the foundations of (i) India-EU Cooperation Agreement on Partnership and Development which came in to effect in August, 1994; (ii) India-EC Joint Commission. India also has bilateral framework Agreement with some individual EU countries in areas such as trade, investment, taxation, textiles, civil aviation, tourism, science and technology, agriculture, etc. India has agreements for investment promotion/protection with 13 countries of EU. Similarly, agreements for avoidance of double taxation exist with 14 countries in EU. There are other cooperation programmes such as Indo-German Export Promotion Programme, Indo-British Partnership Initiative and different economic cooperation programmes with European Commission. These agreements provide a permanent platform for constant review of bilateral economic and commercial relations.


EU in the World: top donor of development aid :EU in the World: top donor of development aid Development aid (Global solidarity) The EU provides 55% of total international aid Promotes peace, prosperity and stability in less-favoured parts of the globe E.g.: EU emergency and reconstruction help to Afghanistan


Slide 28:A “family” of 27 European countries The EU is over 10 times the size of Japan The total population of the EU countries is approximately 4 times the population of Japan. Almost 500 million


Slide 29:Some countries have declared that they want to join and are preparing for it, such as Turkey Others prefer not to join for the time being, like Norway and Switzerland


COMPANIES IN EU :COMPANIES IN EU ALLIANZ AIRBUS AIR FRANCE-KLM ARCELOR-MITTAL GROUPE DANONE ANHEUSER-BUSCH INBEV L’OREAL GROUP LVMH


Slide 31:NOKIA CORPORATION ROYAL DUTCH SHELL STORA ENSO GROUP SANTANDER


5 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES RANKED TOP IN ECONOMICS :5 EUROPEAN COUNTRIES RANKED TOP IN ECONOMICS


Slide 33:THANK YOU