asoca

WELCOME: 

WELCOME

Slide 2: 

PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF QUALITY PLANTING MATERIAL MOHAMMED SHAFFI FRK711

Slide 3: 

Seed quality is the first and foremost factor, which decides the success and viability of a tree plantation The collection of good quality seed needs greater care for raising successful plantation The seed should be collected only from healthy, vigorous trees of reasonably good form that are making average or better growth

Saraca asoca: 

Saraca asoca

Slide 5: 

It is an important tree in the cultural traditions of the Indian Subcontinent and adjacent areas The Asoka is a rain-forest tree. Its original distribution was in the central areas of the Deccan plateau, as well as the middle section of the Western Ghats in the western coastal zone of the Indian Subcontinent The Asoka is prized for its beautiful foliage and fragrant flowers. It is a very handsome, small, erect evergreen tree, with deep green leaves growing in dense clusters

Distribution: 

Distribution It is found in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forest of central and eastern Himalayas, North Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Western Peninsula It is frequently planted, especially in gardens and near temples

Phenology: 

Phenology Tree leaf paripinnate, with few pairs of leaflets Flowers, orange or red, scented, bracts and bracteoles coloured , calyx situated at the top of tubular hypanthium , petals absent; appear February or may- june Fruits ripen in August- september

Selection of Quality Seeds: 

Selection of Quality Seeds

Slide 9: 

The source of seed is very important with regard to quality The time of seed harvesting and the health of the parent stock are also important factors Gene provenance of the parent plant can affect the performance and growth characteristics of seedlings

Criteria for Selecting Quality Seeds: 

Criteria for Selecting Quality Seeds Ease of propagation Availability of stock Growing time Suitability of climate

Sources of seeds: 

Sources of seeds Four main sources of seeds Seed collection from the wild Seed exchangers Commercial seed suppliers Collecting seed yourself locally

Seed Collection and Handling Techniques: 

Seed Collection and Handling Techniques

Slide 13: 

Matured pods of Saraca asoca are collected from mature trees, are found in natural forest , farmlands of Kodagu and Dakshina kannada districts Seeds are collected from ground and also by climbing tree Further processing includes removal seeds from pods manually

Pre-sowing treatments: 

Pre-sowing treatments Natural regeneration is good its mainly attributable to good germination capacity of seeds The main destruction of seeds by insects, monkeys, rodents and squirrels To avoid from insects attack treat the seeds with Chloropyrophos and sealed the container, kept overnight Then soaking seeds in 100ppm GA 3 solution for 24hours

Nursery Management: 

Nursery Management

Site Selection: 

Site Selection Following Factors to be consider while selecting nursery site: Soil: Optimum soil conditions are essential for the success and economy of nursery operations Water supply: The nursery should preferably be located near a permanent source of water Transportation: Transportation of nursery stock from the nursery to the field should not be difficult or cumbersome

Seed Bed Preparation: 

Seed Bed Preparation

Preparation of potting media: 

Preparation of potting media Potting media plays a vital role in determining the growth of healthy root and shoot system Potting mixture consists of various organic and mineral components The medium physically supports a growing seedlings and it stores as well as supplies the nutrient, water and air to the root system

Slide 19: 

sand FYM soil Potting Mixture 2:1:1

Containers: 

Containers Potting mixture is filled in 6” × 4” polybags and which are arranged in width of 1m Potting media is prepared in ratio of 2 : 1 : 1 soil:sand:FYM Each polybags contains 615g of potting mixture

Arrangment of polybags: 

Arrangment of polybags The beds are rectangular in shape The size of the bed is 1m width and 3m in length

Slide 22: 

Cont,,, And 30cm of space is left between two beds to have proper drainage, to facilitate weeding, watering and other operations Low cost polytunnel is constructed to maintain moisture, increase humidity and temperature to hasten germination Low cost polytunnel

Seed Sowing and protective merasures: 

Seed Sowing and protective merasures Before sowing watering should be done to polybags Seeds are sown by proper drenching the polybags The depth soil cover over the seed varies with the seed size, generally the upper surface of the seed is kept at a depth equal to the minimum diameter of the seed

Intercultural Operations: 

Intercultural Operations

Weeding and Irrigation Management: 

Weeding and Irrigation Management Weeds are found most frequently, so weeding has to be done once in 15 days Irrigation is one of the important aspects of nursery management Adequate supply of water during germination is necessary, so watering should be done regularly in dry seasons

Process of Germination: 

Process of Germination

Slide 27: 

Epigeous germination occur were cotyledons are pushed upwards by the rapid elongation of the hypocotyl , were the portion of the axis lying immediately below the cotyledon Germination starts from fourth week and completes by the end of twelvth week Leaf appears 2 days after germination

Slide 28: 

Stages of Growth

Germination Percentage: 

Germination Percentage It refers to percentage of seeds germinated with respect to total number of seeds sown Total no of seeds sown = 3000 Total no of seeds germinated = 2500 Germination percent = 83.33%

Pest and disease Attack: 

Pest and disease Attack Initially seeds are infested by seed borers, which hinders the germination Preventive measures Treat the seeds with Chloropyrophos and sealed the container, kept overnight Infected seeds Insect larvae

Slide 31: 

In later cases fungal attack on surface of the polythene bags, so 2g of bevistin in 1litre water is drenched in polybags

Marketing of Planting material: 

Marketing of Planting material

Slide 33: 

Particulars Amount Cost of Potting mixture 372/- Cost of pesticides 53/- Cost of transportation and seeds 1500/- Cost of labour in filling polybags 1200/- Cost of 11 mandays 1320/ Total 4445/-

Cost Benefit Ratio: 

Cost Benefit Ratio Net Benefit from seedling is = 3/- Cost of production per seedling = 2/-

Difficulties faced : 

Difficulties faced Heavy rainfall Pest and diseases Inadequate seed sources

conclusion: 

conclusion Selection of species, good quality seed, preparation of potting mixture, cost benefit is very important to rise nursery. Species selected should be benefiting for seedling riser, public and environment.