modal verbs

Preparation for AKP 1: 

Preparation for AKP 1 Part one. Modal verbs Part two. Tag questions Term 3 For the 8 th grade Prepared by S. Ganchimeg

The modal verbs are: : 

The modal verbs are: CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD

Can : 

Can They can control their own budgets. We can’t fix it. Can I smoke here? Can you help me? Uses : - Ability / Possibility - Inability / Impossibility - Asking for permission - Request

Could : 

Could Could I borrow your dictionary? Could you say it again more slowly? We could try to fix it ourselves. I think we could have another Gulf War. He gave up his old job so he could work for us. Uses : Asking for permission. Request Suggestion Future possibility Ability in the past

May : 

May May I have another cup of coffee? China may become a major economic power. Uses: - Asking for permission - Future possibility

Might : 

Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. They might give us a 10% discount. Uses : Present possibility Future possibility

Must : 

Must We must say good-bye now. They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Uses: Necessity / Obligation Prohibition

Ought to : 

Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer. Uses: Saying what’s right or correct

Shall : 

Shall (More common in the UK than the US) Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall we say 2.30 then? Shall I do that or will you? Uses: Offer Suggestion Asking what to do

Should : 

Should We should sort out this problem at once. I think we should check everything again. Profits should increase next year. Uses: Saying what’s right or correct Recommending action Uncertain prediction

Will : 

Will I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. I'll do that for you if you like. I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Profits will increase next year. Uses: Instant decisions Offer Promise Certain prediction

Would : 

Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Would you pass the salt please? Would you mind waiting a moment? "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Would you like to play golf this Friday? "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please." Uses: Asking for permission Request Request Making arrangements Invitation Preferences

Modal Simple I could swim at the beach. Modal Continuous I could be swimming at the beach right now. Modal Perfect I could have swum at the beach yesterday. Modal Perfect Continuous I could have been swimming at the beach instead of working in the office. : 

Modal Simple I could swim at the beach. Modal Continuous I could be swimming at the beach right now. Modal Perfect I could have swum at the beach yesterday. Modal Perfect Continuous I could have been swimming at the beach instead of working in the office.

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Passive Modal Simple The room should be cleaned once a day. Passive Modal Continuous The room should have been being cleaned now. Passive Modal Perfect The room should have been cleaned yesterday. Passive Modal Perfect Continuous The room should have been being cleaned but nobody was there. (Rare form)

can     could     have to     must     might     should : 

can     could     have to     must     might     should 1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ..... be exhausted after such a long flight. He ......prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest. 2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you ..... walk downtown and explore the waterfront. 3. Hiking the trail to the peak ..... be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You .... research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent. 4. When you have a small child in the house, you .... leave small objects lying around. Such objects .... be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death. 5. Dave: .... you hold your breath for more than a minute? Nathan: No, I can't.

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6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It .... have cost a fortune. 7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they ..... die. 8. I .... speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I .... just say a few things in the language. 9. The book is optional. My professor said we .... read it if we needed extra credit. But we .... read it if we don't want to. 10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It .... be in this drawer but it's not here. Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It .... be in there. That's the only other place it .... be. 11. You .... take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it ..... ain later on this afternoon.

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12. .... we pull over at the next rest stop? I really .... use the bathroom and I don't know if I .... hold it until we get to Chicago. 13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ... have left it here last night. 14. Ned: ... I borrow your lighter for a minute? Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you .... keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking. 15. I .... believe she said that to Megan! She ... insult her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She ..... have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.

Part two. : 

Part two. Tag questions

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When using tag questions, watch for 4 points: * What tense is the verb? * What kind of verb is it? (to be/other verbs) * Is the sentence affirmative or negative? * Does the pronoun need to be changed?

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Question tags are used in conversation to get a (positive) reaction from the person you are talking to. That’s not really difficult, is it?

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Form positive main clause → negative question tag negative main clause → positive question tag

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Examples You are Tom, aren’t you? He isn’t Joe, is he? main clause with auxiliary verb → use auxiliary verb in question tag You’ve got a car, haven’t you?

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Mr McGuinness is from Ireland,… ? The car isn't in the garage, … ? You are John, … ? She went to the library yesterday, … ? He didn't recognize me, … ? Cars pollute the environment,… ? Mr. Pritchard has been to Scotland recently, … ? The trip is very expensive, … ? He won't tell her,… ? Hugh had a red car,… ?

*negative Look at these changes:: 

*negative Look at these changes: Jack' s happy, isn't he? he is -> isn't he? Susan' s tired, isn't she? she is -> isn't she? It' s warm today, isn't it? it is -> isn't it?

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They' re busy, aren't they? they are -> aren't they? You and I are fun people, aren't we? we are -> aren't we? You' re quiet, aren't you? you are -> aren't you? I' m intelligent, aren't I? am I not? I am -> aren't I? I am -> am I not?

Put in the correct question tags. Example: Peter works in the shop, _________ ? Answer: Peter works in the shop, doesn't he? : 

Put in the correct question tags. Example: Peter works in the shop, _________ ? Answer: Peter works in the shop, doesn't he ? 1) She is collecting stickers,… ? 2) We often watch TV in the afternoon,… ? 3) You have cleaned your bike,… ? 4) John and Max don't like Maths ,… ? 5) Peter played handball yesterday,… ? 6) They are going home from school,… ? 7) Mary didn't do her homework last Monday,… ? 8) He could have bought a new car,… ? 9) Kevin will come tonight,…? 10) I'm clever, … ?