Visualization of neuroeconomics

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by clement levallois feb. 16 2010

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This presentation targets many audiences…

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=> historians of science, neuroeconomists => scientometricians, social network analysts, and marketers

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Research question and case study: Do we experience an historical shift in the relations between social and natural sciences? => The case of neuroeconomics

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1900s 1950s 2000s social sciences establish their independence vis-à-vis natural sciences low point of relationships between natural and social sciences a revival of the relations?

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‰ of economic publications employing an expression borrowed from biology (“natural selection”, “physiology”, …). Data: J-Stor. Y axis:

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My phd thesis My post-doc Which tools to investigate interdisciplinarity?

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scientometrics social network analysis impact of publications mapping of science geolocalisation of science … modeling of social ties theoretical research in network properties software development …

Caveat : 

Caveat Exploratory approach: - softwares in alpha and beta versions - programming languages not stabilized (e.g., GEFX or dynGraphML) Data needs to be cleaned for comparisons Suggestions on research question, methods and techniques are all welcome! => Drop an email at clevallois@rsm.nl

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0. Neuroeconomics in two slides 1. A benchmark: evolutionary economics in two slides 2. How does neuroeconomics spread across publications in social and natural sciences? 3. Is neuroeconomics practiced in many different departments? 4. Intermezzo: a method to define the perimeter of a scientific field 5. Evolution of interdisciplinarity through time 6. Interdisciplinarity and international science

0. Neuroeconomics in two slides : 

0. Neuroeconomics in two slides

1. A benchmark: evolutionary economics in two slides : 

1. A benchmark: evolutionary economics in two slides

2. Is neuroeconomics published across social and natural sciences? : 

2. Is neuroeconomics published across social and natural sciences?

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search for “*evo eco*” and “*neuroeco*” in topic and titles 1999-2009 Articles and Reviews - Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Sciences Citation Index - Arts & Humanities Citation Index 309 results (evo eco) 277 results (neuroeco) List the “subject categories” of the journals where they appear Subject Area Record Count % of 277 NEUROSCIENCES 94 33.94% ECONOMICS 55 19.86% BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 35 12.64% MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES 31 11.19% BIOLOGY 19 6.86% … … … … … … PSYCHOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL 10 3.61% (Leydesdorff & Rafols, 2009 & in preparation) Pajek Gephi

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Mapping of all sciences (publications over 2007) – modified from Leydesdorff and Rafols (2009) How to read this graph? Each node represents a discipline. Each link represents a citation. Only the strongest citation relations are represented. The color of the link matches the color of the node which originates the citation: a blue link means “a blue node is citing from…”

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Overlay of Evolutionary Economics on the map of science (publications over 1999-2009) How to read this graph? It is identical to the preceding one, except for the size of nodes: the bigger the node, the more is evolutionary economics published in journals from this particular discipline. Some nodes (e.g., “economics”) have been dragged away , this is only for readability.

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Mapping of Neuroeconomics (publications over 1999-2009) How to read this graph? It is identical to the one two slides before, except for the size of nodes: the bigger the node, the more is neuroeconomics published in journals from this particular discipline. Some nodes (e.g., “economics”) have been dragged away , this is only for readability.

3. Is neuroeconomics practiced in many different departments? : 

3. Is neuroeconomics practiced in many different departments?

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search for “*evo eco*” and “*neuroeco*” in topic and titles 1999-2009 Articles and Reviews - Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Sciences Citation Index - Arts & Humanities Citation Index 309 results (evo eco) 277 results (neuro eco) Reprint author addresses extracted with a macro 142 affiliations retrieved (evo eco) 198 affiliations retrieved (neuroeco)

4. Intermezzo: a method to define the perimeter of a scientific field : 

4. Intermezzo: a method to define the perimeter of a scientific field

a) Keyword search, semantic analysis what I presented so far. Biased, not consensualb) ISI key-words who defines these key-words? How are they attributed? => unreliable, not transparentc) affiliation to a society not inclusived) publication in core journals no core journals in neuroeconomicse) let’s ask an expert not consensual : 

a) Keyword search, semantic analysis what I presented so far. Biased, not consensualb) ISI key-words who defines these key-words? How are they attributed? => unreliable, not transparentc) affiliation to a society not inclusived) publication in core journals no core journals in neuroeconomicse) let’s ask an expert not consensual

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f) An alternative: the survey method

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“Who are the most influential neuroeconomists?”

Does this new definition influence the interdisciplinary spread of neuroeconomics, in terms of journals? : 

Does this new definition influence the interdisciplinary spread of neuroeconomics, in terms of journals?

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24 most cited neuroeconomists 1999-2009 Articles + Reviews + Letters + Proceeding papers - Science Citation Index Expanded - Social Sciences Citation Index - Arts & Humanities Citation Index 1415 results survey 1244 unique results Co-citation network Average degree = 6.23 Filter out nodes with degree < 3 “core” of neuroeconomics, as conceived by neuroeconomists themselves How does it look like? Filtering for duplicates

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Mapping of neuroeconomics with a keyword search (“neuroeco* in title and topic) - same graph as in section 2. Mapping of neuroeconomics after a survey

Next steps : 

Next steps Snowballing from the core to citED and ciTING references

5. Evolution of interdisciplinarity through time : 

5. Evolution of interdisciplinarity through time

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Dynamic CREEN Edition Gephi 0.7

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Evolution of neuroeconomics, 1999-2009. Very imperfect attempt at dynamic representation with Visone. Click on it to animate. (Movie, 9Mb – be patient while it loads!)

6. Interdisciplinarity and international science : 

6. Interdisciplinarity and international science

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Is there an international division of labor in neuroeconomics? [Credits are due to Loet Leydesdorff et al. for a review paper (2009) on geolocalisation]

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1244 articles by neuroeconomists Reprint author addresses extracted coded by Subject categories Geocoder Map making GPS Visualizer

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blue: Dpt of Economics | rest: inconsistent I am afraid…

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blue: Dept of Economics | rest: inconsistent I am afraid…

Conclusion : 

Conclusion

neuroeconomics : 

neuroeconomics cognitive neurosciences seem quantitatively predominant new form of interdisciplinarity: less analogical, more genuine? International disparities: European neuroeconomics without economics?

Next steps : 

Next steps Improve the coverage (snowballing to citED and citING references) Improve the tools (dynamic) Improve the diffusion (Flash, web-based applications) Improve the historical coverage (J-Stor!) www.clementlevallois.net

Thank you! : 

Thank you! www.clementlevallois.net Feedback, suggestions? clevallois@rsm.nl