RWL in ESL Chapter 7

Research on Second Language Writing : 

Research on Second Language Writing Learning to write similar for L1s and L2s L2 lack of syntax and vocab idiomatic expr. L2 likely not been read to in new lang. Give stu. Opp. To write promotes second lang. Acq.

What is Process Writing? : 

What is Process Writing? Can you name the stages of the process?

What is Process Writing? : 

Prewriting – ? Drafting – ? Revising – ? Editing – ? Publishing – ? What is Process Writing?

What is Process Writing? : 

Prewriting – brainstorming (form not important) Drafting – put ideas onto paper in intended form Revising – looking over first draft checking correctness of form and purpose Editing – making necessary changes to grammatical errors Publishing – sharing work with others What is Process Writing?

How Process Writing Helps English Learners : 

How Process Writing Helps English Learners Useful b/c it encourages students to write from personal experiences as opposed to for teacher Allowing L2's to share, edit, and revise, is good for their personal relationships with classmates Promotion of clear and correct self-expression W/ editing and revising as separate phases, students can focus on producing ideas as opposed to “perfect papers”

Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing : 

Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing What are they?

Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing : 

Peer response groups: Peer editing groups: Publishing: Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing

Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing : 

Peer response groups: (used early in the writing process) students write; other students read; students discuss. Discussion must be positive and constructive Peer editing groups: (used for final draft revisions) allows students to help cross-check one another's errors, makes them responsible for the overall correctness, enhances proof-reading skills, Publishing: Gives the written assignments and group work an ultimate purpose Collaborative Contexts for Process Writing

Developmental Phases in L2 Writing : 

Developmental Phases in L2 Writing Beginners: No experience with writing in English. Invented spelling Lacking logical organization Small amount of produced materials in writing ass.

Beginner Strategies : 

Beginner Strategies What are they?

Beginner Strategies : 

Oral Discussion : Pictures and Wordless Books: Concept Books: Pattern Poems: Beginner Strategies

Beginner Strategies : 

Oral Discussion : allows student to focus more on their topic for writing. (student must be somewhat verbal in the language) Pictures and Wordless Books: allows interaction with a book, students can also produce their own wordless books Concept Books: students detail a concept (color, verb, adjective...) in pictures and words to make it easier to understand. Pattern Poems: use repetitive phrases or ideas in poetic verse Beginner Strategies

Types of Journals : 

Types of Journals What are they?

Slide 14: 

Types of Journals Personal Journal: Dialogue Journal: Buddy Journal:

Slide 15: 

Types of Journals Personal Journal: student writes, and shares with teacher when ready. (teacher doesn't comment unless asked to) Dialogue Journal: students write, teacher comments on content (not form) when applicable Buddy Journal: written between students, can be put into journal pairs and/or switched ever-so-often.

Murals : 

Murals Students create life murals about people, places, and events in their lives and then write about them. Helps flow of ideas.

Clustering & Freewriting : 

Clustering & Freewriting Clustering: Freewriting:

Clustering & Freewriting : 

Clustering: technique used to increase students' thought processes and associations related to a writing topic. Freewriting: writing in a train-of-thought manner without concern for grammar Clustering & Freewriting

Description of Intermediate Writers : 

Description of Intermediate Writers Need to develop variety of sentence structures. Increased focus on form and fluidity to their writing. Gen. Knowledge of simple sentence types, punctuation, and capitalization conventions Need strategies to improve sentence quality, length, style and variety Need to understand paragraphing and logical organization

Strategies for Intermediate Writers : 

Strategies for Intermediate Writers There are five in this list. Can you name them?

Strategies for Intermediate Writers : 

Strategies for Intermediate Writers Show and not tell: Sentence Combining: Sentence Shortening: Sentence Models: Mapping:

Strategies for Intermediate Writers : 

Strategies for Intermediate Writers Show and not tell: learning to write descriptively (showing) as opposed to directly telling the reader the facts (telling) (Ex: I was having a bad day and didn't want to talk vs. I was angry...) Sentence Combining: given a number of sentences, students reorganize them in one sentence. Sentence Shortening: making wordy sentences more concise Sentence Models: take sentences from books and reproduce their structure in your own words. Mapping: Brainstorming strategy using word associations to a topic

Assessing English LearnersWriting Progress : 

Assessing English LearnersWriting Progress How?

Assessing English Learners Writing Progress : 

Assessing English Learners Writing Progress Portfolio assessment: Holistic Scoring:

Assessing English Learners Writing Progress : 

Assessing English Learners Writing Progress Portfolio assessment: keep selected works of student's to show abilities. (assess student's growth, promote self assessment... Holistic Scoring: using a “rubric” separate papers into different categories based on categorical proficiency

Working with Errors in Student Writing : 

Working with Errors in Student Writing Purpose to make students competent in producing a variety of forms of writing Teacher must focus on each component of proper writing and allow students to explore, if not grasp, each aspect.

Terms : 

Terms Literacy scaffolds- temporary framework to enable the student to understand the writing process Automaticity – ability to concentrate on a complex task without having to focus on each part of it. Fluency - ability to generate ideas with ease while writing them down on paper Form – sentence styles, paragraphing, and text structures Correctness – proper use of grammar, punctuation, and spelling Scaffolds – supports to help the student grasp different aspects of writing Models – exhibition of a technique, style, pattern, ... Direct instruction – focused on an aspect of writing, as opposed to writing in general.