robotics

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SREE RAMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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ROBOTICS INTRODUCTION A robot is an automatically guided machine, able to do tasks on its own. Another common characteristic is that by its appearance or movements, a robot often conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots Robotics is the engineering science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, application, and structural disposition. Robotics is related to electronics, mechanics, and software

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Origin The first digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them

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Structure The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain (its functionality being similar to the skeleton of the human body). The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom Power source pneumatic (compressed gases), hydraulics (compressed liquids) flywheel energy storage organic garbage's (through anaerobic digestion) still untested energy sources (e.g. Joe Cell, ...) radioactive source those proposed in movies such as Red Planet

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Actuation Actuators are like the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement. By far the most popular actuators are electric motors, but there are many others, powered by electricity, chemicals, and compressed air. A robot leg powered by Air Muscles

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Sensing Current robotic and prosthetic hands receive far less tactile information than the human hand. Recent research has developed a tactile sensor array that mimics the mechanical properties and touch receptors of human fingertips The sensor array is constructed as a rigid core surrounded by conductive fluid contained by an elastomeric skin

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Manipulation Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect. Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator Mechanical Grippers Vacuum Grippers General purpose effectors

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Locomotion Rolling robots For simplicity, most mobile robots have four wheels. However, some researchers have tried to create more complex wheeled robots, with only one or two wheels Walking robots Walking is a difficult and dynamic problem to solve. Several robots have been made which can walk reliably on two legs, however none have yet been made which are as robust as a human

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Other methods of locomotion Flying A modern passenger airliner is essentially a flying robot, with two humans to manage it Snaking Several snake robots have been successfully developed. Mimicking the way real snakes move, these robots can navigate very confined spaces, meaning they may one day be used to search for people trapped in collapsed buildings

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Today, commercial and industrial robots are in widespread use performing jobs more cheaply or more accurately and reliably than humans. They are also employed in jobs which are too dirty, dangerous, or dull to be suitable for humans. APPILCATIONS DIRT CLEANER

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Robots are widely used in manufacturing, assembly, and packing; transport; earth and space exploration; surgery; weaponry; laboratory research; safety; and mass production of consumer and industrial goods

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REFERENCES "Robotics: About the Exhibition". The Tech Museum of Innovation. http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/online/robotics/universal/index.html. Discovery Channel EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG PICTURES FROM Images.google.co.in THANK YOU