DEFENCE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA

DEFENCE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA: 

DEFENCE MECHANISM OF GINGIVA SAJIDA SULTANA.N IV BDS

DEFENCE MECHANISM: 

DEFENCE MECHANISM A number of mechanisms operate to protect the body from attack by foreign bodies & toxins including infections by bacteria. They are classified as Non specific mechanism. Specific mechanism.

Non specific mechanism: 

Non specific mechanism Bacterial balance. Surface integrity. Surface fluid & enzymes. Phagocytosis. Inflammatory reaction. Specific mechanism

CREVICULAR FLUID: 

CREVICULAR FLUID Anatomy of gingival crevice: It is the shallow crevice or space around the tooth, bounded by the surface of the tooth on one side and the epithelium lining the free margin of the gingiva on the other. Three types of epithelia Oral epithelium. Oral sulcular epithelium. Junctional epithelium.

Composition of GCF: 

Composition of GCF Cellular elements Epithelial cells. Leucocytes. Bacteria. Electrolytes Sodium. Potassium. Calcium. Organic compounds Carbohydrates. Proteins. Lipids.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Metabolic & bacterial products Lactic acid. Hydroxyproline. Prostaglandins. Urea. Endotoxins. Cytotoxic substances. Antibacterial factors. Enzyme & enzyme inhibitors Acid phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase. Pyrophosphatase. β glucuronidase. Lysozyme. Hyaluronidase. Proteolytic enzymes. Lactic dehydrogenase.

Methods of collection: 

Methods of collection Absorbing paper strips. Sampling by means of micropipettes. Gingival washings. Other methods. Amount 0.5 to 2.4 ml/day.

Permeability of junctional & sulcular epithelium : 

Permeability of junctional & sulcular epithelium The main pathway for the transport of substances across the junctional & sulcular epithelia seems to be the intercellular spaces which form , 18% of the total volume of the junctional epithelium & 12% of that of the outer sulcular epithelium.

Clinical significance: 

Clinical significance GCF is an inflammatory exudate. It is increased by mastication of coarse food, tooth brushing & gingival massage, ovulation, hormonal contraceptives, smoking, circadian periodicity & periodontal therapy.

Drugs in GCF: 

Drugs in GCF It maybe used advantageously in periodontal therapy. Minocycline, Erythromycin, Clindamycin & Metronidazole.

LEUCOCYTES IN DGA: 

LEUCOCYTES IN DGA Found in clinically healthy gingival sulci. Predominantly PMNs. Appear extravascularly in connective tissue adjacent to the bottom of the sulcus from there they travel across the epithelium to the gingival sulcus where they are expelled. They are viable and phagocytic. They constitute a major protective mechanism against the extension of plaque into the gingival sulcus.

SALIVA: 

SALIVA Antibacterial factors Inorganic factors. Organic factors. Salivary antibodies Enzymes Salivary buffers & coagulation factors Leucocytes Role in periodontal pathology

PowerPoint Presentation: 

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