ADOLESCENTS_SCIENCE EXHIBITION

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ADOLESCENCE A D O L E S C E N C E

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ADOLESCENCE Who are Adolescents? Adolescents: 10-19 years Youth: 15-24 years Young people: 10-24 years Growth phases: Mid Early adolescence: 10-13 years adolescence : 14-16 years Late adolescence: 17-19 years

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ADOLESCENCE The adolescents, due to these changes often face a number of crises and dilemmas. Adolescence is the period in the life span of a person when he or she assumes the ability for reproduction. The sign of puberty in girls is menstruation. There is no such definite change in the boys to mark puberty. However, a variety of bodily changes do appear including growth of long bones of arms and legs, appearances of pubic hair and appearance of facial hair. ADOLESCENCE Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood to adulthood. It is a period when rapid physiological changes and demands for new social roles take place.

Physical changes in Boys and Girls during AdolescenceGirls Boys : 

ADOLESCENCE Physical changes in Boys and Girls during AdolescenceGirls Boys Girls Increase in height Development fatty and subcutaneous tissues Broadening of hips Growth of hair in armpits and pubic area Voice becomes shrill Appearance of breast bud On set of menarche Boys Increase in height Development of muscles Broadening of shoulders Growth of hair in the armpits, pubic area and appearance of facial hair Voice break takes place due to lengthening of vocal cord and enlarging of larynx Increase in the size of penis Nocturnal emissions take place

Why focus on Adolescents? : 

ADOLESCENCE Why focus on Adolescents? Large human resource (22% population) Caring, supportive environment will promote optimum development – physical, emotional, mental. Their behaviour has impact on national health indicators like total fertility rate, maternal and infant mortality rate and contraceptive usage rate. Adolescents are vulnerable to STIs, HIV/AIDS, sexual abuse Adolescent sexuality has implications on marriage, continuation of studies, pregnancy. Health of girls has inter-generational effect.

Age structure of India’s population-2005 : 

ADOLESCENCE Age structure of India’s population-2005

Comparative age structure of population-2005 Nigeria and USA : 

ADOLESCENCE Comparative age structure of population-2005 Nigeria and USA

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ADOLESCENCE Adolescent Perspectives - Psychological Concerns Developing an identity Managing emotions Building relationships Resisting peer pressure

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ADOLESCENCE Adolescent Perspectives - Health Concerns Body image concerns. Understanding the process of growing up Delaying marriage Avoiding unwanted pregnancy Acquiring information & education on sexual and reproductive health Accessing & utilizing health services Resisting sexual exploitation and reporting gender based violence Acquiring information and education on substance use.

STEPPING INTO TEENAGE… : 

ADOLESCENCE STEPPING INTO TEENAGE… The teen years are often seen as quite tumultuous by many parents. These are years of intense growth, including physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and moral growth. The most significant characteristic at this age remains a rebellious nature of any teen.

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ADOLESCENCE Teenagers are a mass of confusion as they sit on the fence between their childhood and adulthood. Growing up can be quite scary. While being 'grown up' has many attractions, the responsibilities that go with it often come as a nasty surprise. For instance, teenagers want to stay out till all hours of the night, but when it comes to waking up in the morning in time for classes, it's a different story.

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ADOLESCENCE PROCESS OF GROWING UP Nutritional needs of adolescents in general and adolescent girls in particular Physical growth and development Psychological development Reproductive and Sexual Health Gender sensitization Adolescent pregnancy

TO COMMON PROBLEMS RELATED ADOLESCENTS : 

ADOLESCENCE TO COMMON PROBLEMS RELATED ADOLESCENTS

DON’T LET YOUR CHILD GO WILD : 

ADOLESCENCE DON’T LET YOUR CHILD GO WILD This is one area where age does matter and no matter how things change, parents and teachers should go with their instincts when it comes to deciding that some things are just not done.

Empowering adolescents : 

ADOLESCENCE Empowering adolescents Create a safe and supportive environment. Provide opportunities for making informed choices in real life situations. Improve adolescent-friendly health services and link with existing programmes. Provide education and build life skills.

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ADOLESCENCE LIFE SKILLS Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Life skills are abilities that facilitate the physical, mental and emotional well-being of an individual (WHO) (WHO)

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ADOLESCENCE LIFE SKILLS Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. (WHO)

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ADOLESCENCE Self Awareness Self-awareness includes our recognition of ‘self’, of our character, of our strengths and weaknesses, desires and dislikes. Developing self-awareness can help us to recognize when we are stressed or feel under pressure. It is also often a prerequisite to effective communication and interpersonal relations, as well as developing empathy for others.

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ADOLESCENCE Getting to Know Yourself + SELF - AWARENESS CRITICAL THINKING

Working Towards Your goal : 

ADOLESCENCE Working Towards Your goal + + SELF - AWARENESS CRITICAL THINKING CREATIVE THINKING

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION : 

ADOLESCENCE EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION CRITICAL THINKING CREATIVE THINKING EMPATHY

Critical Thinking : 

ADOLESCENCE Critical Thinking Critical thinking is an ability to analyze information and experiences in an objective manner.  Critical thinking can contribute to health by helping us to recognize and assess the factors that influence attitudes and behavior, such as values, peer pressure, and the media.

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ADOLESCENCE Problem Solving Problem solving enables us to deal constructively with problems in our lives. Significant problems that are left unresolved can cause mental stress and give rise to accompanying physical strain.

Creative Thinking : 

ADOLESCENCE Creative Thinking Creative thinking contributes to both decision making and problem solving by enabling us to explore the available alternatives and various consequences of our actions or non-action. It helps us to look beyond our direct experience, and even if no problem is identified, or no decision is to be made, creative thinking can help us to respond adaptively and with flexibility to the situations of our daily lives.

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ADOLESCENCE Decision Making Decision making helps us to deal constructively with decisions about our lives. This can have positive consequences for the health of young people when they actively make decisions about their own health practices by assessing different options and the effects of different decisions.

Adaptive Life Skills : 

ADOLESCENCE Adaptive Life Skills Interpersonal relationship skills help us to relate in positive ways with the people we interact with. This may mean being able to make and keep friendly relationships, which can be of great importance to our mental and social well being. It may mean keeping good relations with family members, which are an important source of social support. It may also mean being able to end relationships constructively. Effective communication means that we are able to express ourselves, both verbally and non-verbally, in ways that are appropriate to our cultures and situations. This means being able to express opinions and desires, but also needs and fears. And it may mean being able to ask for advice and help in a time of need.

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ADOLESCENCE Living With Identity

Emotional and Social Changes : 

ADOLESCENCE Emotional and Social Changes Concrete thinking, but confused at times Future-oriented Increased Self exploration and evaluation Conflicts with family over control Preoccupation with body image Fantasy and idealism Mood changes Attention seeking behaviour Attraction towards opposite sex

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ADOLESCENCE Need for attachment to a peer group. Peer group defines behavioural code Forms new relationships Need for Independence Need to establish own identity Inquisitiveness Increased energy levels Changes in dress code

Health : 

ADOLESCENCE Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. (WHO) Physical well being refers to the normal functions of body and body organs within the limitation of gender, age and occupation. Mental well being refers not only to the absence of mental illness but also to the awareness of one’s talents, abilities, emotions, strengths and weaknesses. Social well being refers to one’s ability to interact with and adjust to other members of the society. It also means being responsible towards oneself, one’s family, community and country.

HEARING IT FROM THE PARENTS… : 

ADOLESCENCE HEARING IT FROM THE PARENTS… Maria says, "I don't know what's come over my daughter, Jennet. She's always arguing with me about the silliest things. A single day doesn't go by without her screaming at me and storming out of the room I don't know how to deal with her. In my day, I was not allowed to raise my voice to my parents."

OH! I NEED A BREAK.. : 

ADOLESCENCE OH! I NEED A BREAK.. Jacob Abraham is as confused about his son, John. He says, "I've always wanted to give my son the best of things, but his demands never seem to end. He's constantly asking me for money to go out to pubs and discos and to buy the 'latest' clothes. If I say no, he makes me feel like a tyrant and says that none of the other parents object."

ITS MY LIFE ! JUST KEEP OUT OF IT ! : 

ADOLESCENCE ITS MY LIFE ! JUST KEEP OUT OF IT ! Peter, a 17-year-old school boy, stormed into his house grumpily from school. Flinging his bag at the corner he went to his room. He switched on his stereo system and started to listen to loud music, ignoring the calls of his mother. Finally, his mother, barged at him saying “Peter! why did you throw your bag in the living room?" As Peter's mother droned on, Peter's only reply was a baleful look.

COPING WITH TEEN ANGER : 

ADOLESCENCE COPING WITH TEEN ANGER The best way to deal with serious cases of teen anger is to consult a qualified mental health professional. The treatment will chiefly focus on anger management and on the expression of anger in socially acceptable ways. The therapist will teach your teen to assume responsibility for his actions and cope with the consequences. At the root of all aggression lies suppressed anger.

THE GOLDEN RULE- UNDRESTAND EACH OTHER : 

ADOLESCENCE THE GOLDEN RULE- UNDRESTAND EACH OTHER Most parents tend to forget that babies do grow up someday and when the time comes, they must let them go and find their own way in the world. Try to become a friend of your child, and see how your relationship blossoms.

ITS NEVER TOO LATE TO TAKE THAT STEP….. : 

ADOLESCENCE ITS NEVER TOO LATE TO TAKE THAT STEP….. One step towards understanding, One step towards resolving, One step towards forgiving and forgetting, One step towards a new beginning, Its just one step that can make all the difference………..

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ADOLESCENCE HIV / AIDS

What is HIV ? : 

ADOLESCENCE What is HIV ? “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” Hence, HIV is present only in humans.

Immune System : 

ADOLESCENCE Immune System In healthy individuals, infections are kept at a distance through an array of defenders which constitute the immune system in the body. White blood cells are an important part of this defense, which fight and destroy the infection-causing bacteria and viruses. HIV directly attacks, enters and stays inside these white blood cells. Slowly, the number of white blood cells in the body is reduced and the immune system is paralysed.

Modes of HIV Transmission : 

ADOLESCENCE Modes of HIV Transmission Unprotected sexual intercourse when one of the partners is infected with HIV. Hence, it is a STI. Infected blood – blood transfusions with untested blood. Infected equipment – needles/instruments/syringes. From infected mother to her unborn child.

HIV and Young People : 

ADOLESCENCE HIV and Young People 6 young people are infected every minute with the HIV virus. Half of all new HIV infections worldwide are among young people aged 15-24 years. Those affected are likely to die of AIDS before they turn 35. In some of the hardest-hit countries, adolescent girls are five to six times more likely to be HIV+ than their male counterparts due to various factors.

Factors that put young people at risk : 

ADOLESCENCE Factors that put young people at risk Curiosity about sex. Unsafe and high risk sexual behaviour. Not following “safe sex”. Limited information on growing up and sexuality issue. Early marriages. Prostitution/Sex work for survival. Experimentation with drugs and alcohol.

Can one tell if a person is HIV+? : 

ADOLESCENCE Can one tell if a person is HIV+? A person living with HIV may not show any external signs of the infection, he/she may continue to be healthy but can infect others. The only way to find out if one has HIV is to have an HIV test. This is done at a hospital or clinic and should involve being counseled about HIV infection. The test requires a person to give a sample of blood which is tested for the antibodies which the body produces to fight HIV.

Different types of tests used for HIV detection : 

ADOLESCENCE Different types of tests used for HIV detection Rapid Test / Spot Test ELISA [Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay or Immunoflouroscent Assay (IFA)] Western Blot PCR-DNA The Elisa/Rapid/spot tests are screening tests that need to be confirmed by Western Blot test. They detect antibodies of HIV. PCR-DNA detects the presence of the virus.

Voluntary Counseling Testing Centers (VCTC). : 

ADOLESCENCE Voluntary Counseling Testing Centers (VCTC). A person can get tested for HIV at a general hospital or a Voluntary Counseling Testing Centers (VCTC) or any medical centre that provides these facilities. VCTCs provide pre and post HIV test counseling to understand the need for testing as well as the test results. Counselors are bound by confidentiality- that means that whatever is shared should not be shared or discussed with others

Progress of HIV in the body. : 

ADOLESCENCE Progress of HIV in the body. Entry of virus in the body through any of the 4 routes. 6 Wks–6 months. [appearance of antibodies] No symptoms 5–10 yrs. Uncontrolled diarrhea and fever, Unexplained weight loss, general weakness, enlarged lymph nodes, skin infections & opportunistic infections HIV Infection Window period Silent Infection AIDS

AIDS results from infection from HIV: : 

ADOLESCENCE AIDS results from infection from HIV: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome::: Not genetically inherited but contracted from somebody. Inadequacy of the body’s main defense mechanism to fight external disease producing organisms. Not just one disease or symptom, a group of diseases or symptoms present in the body.

Difference between HIV and AIDS : 

ADOLESCENCE Difference between HIV and AIDS HIV+ means that the person has been infected with HIV. Being HIV+ does not mean that a person has AIDS. An HIV+ person can appear healthy and carry out most of the day to day activities. AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection. A person is said to have AIDS when the immune system is completely destroyed and potentially opportunistic infections invade the body.

Signs and symptoms of AIDS : 

ADOLESCENCE Signs and symptoms of AIDS As the person’s immune system starts getting weak, signs and symptoms of AIDS develop. These can be Weight loss greater than 10% of previous body weight. Fever longer than 1 month. Diarrhea longer than 1 month. Persistent severe fatigue. Repeated infections These symptoms can also occur in people who do not have HIV infection. However, when several of these occur at the same time in one person and are persistent, they may indicate the development of AIDS and needs to be investigated.

Practice the ABC to Prevent HIV : 

ADOLESCENCE Practice the ABC to Prevent HIV A – Abstinence. B – Be Faithful. C – Condoms Use: Correctly and Consistently.

Prevention : 

ADOLESCENCE Prevention There is a lot young people/adults can do to protect themselves from HIV infection: Learn the facts about growing up and HIV/AIDS. Clarify doubts and fears. Practice abstinence. Avoid peer pressure for unsafe sexual activities. Alcohol and other drugs cloud one’s judgement and make one prone to unsafe sexual practices. Needles, syringes or other instruments that pierce the skin, should be made sterile.

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ADOLESCENCE Blood should be tested before transfusion and should be certified HIV free. Treatment that will prevent Mother to Child Transmission is now available in all government medical hospitals. Pregnant women should get themselves tested and if necessary, seek treatment. As adolescents: abstinence till marriage. As adults: faithfulness to one’s partners and following the practice of correct and consistent use of condoms.

Key Messages : 

ADOLESCENCE Key Messages Everyone is vulnerable – especially young people. Global data shows that 50% of all new infections are in the 15–24 year age group and 35% of all reported new infections in India are in the 15–29 year age group. Young people are at the centre of the epidemic. Learn to protect yourself and dispel myths about HIV – Remember HIV is preventable. A person living with HIV may not show any external signs of the infection, he/she may continue to be healthy but can infect others. The only way to find out if a person has HIV is to have an HIV test. This is done at a hospital or clinic and should involve being counseled about HIV infection. The test requires the person to give a sample of blood, which is tested for the antibodies that the body produces to fight HIV.

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ADOLESCENCE For every person with AIDS there are many more who are infected with HIV but have no visible symptoms. There is an important distinction between infection with HIV and AIDS (the late stage of the infection). Being HIV+ does not mean that the person has AIDS. Even if the HIV tests are negative, the person should take preventive measures in the future. It has been difficult to develop a cure or vaccine, because HIV virus hides inside the very cells that are supposed to attack such viruses.

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ADOLESCENCE