CHEMISTRY PROJECT S -BLOCK ELEMENTS

CHEMISTRY PROJECT : 

CHEMISTRY PROJECT S-BLOCK ELEMENTS CREATED BY SANTON RINT IX C

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Periodic Table, table of the chemical elements arranged to illustrate patterns of recurring chemical and physical properties. Elements are the most basic chemical substances and cannot be broken down by chemical reactions. All other substances are formed from combinations of elements. The periodic table provides a means of arranging all the known elements and even those yet to be discovered.

Slide 3: 

There are four blocks created in the periodic table, namely-s, p, d and f blocks. The elements of group 1 (alkali metals) and group 2 (alkaline earth metals) which have ns1 and ns2 outermost electronic configuration belong to the s-block elements. They are all reactive metals with low ionization enthalpies. The metallic character and reactivity increase as we go down the group.

Slide 4: 

They lose the outermost electron(s) readily to form 1+ ion (in the case of alkali metals) or 2+ ion (in the case of alkali earth metals). Because of high reactivity they are never found pure in nature. The compounds of the s-block elements, with the exception of those of lithium and beryllium are predominantly ionic.

Alkali Metals : 

Alkali Metals Alkali Metals, series of six chemical elements in group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table. They are soft compared to other metals, have low melting points, and are so reactive that they are never found in nature uncombined with other elements. They are powerful reducing agents, that is, they give up an electron easily, and react violently with water to form hydrogen gas and hydroxides, or strong bases.

Slide 6: 

The alkali metals are, in order of increasing atomic number, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Francium exists only in a radioactive form.

Alkaline Earth Metals : 

Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals, series of six chemical elements in group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table. They are strong reducing agents, that is, they give up electrons easily. They are less reactive than the alkali metals, but reactive enough not to be found free in nature. Although rather brittle, the alkaline earth metals are malleable and extrudable. They conduct electricity well, and when heated, burn readily in air.

Slide 8: 

The alkaline earth metals are, in order of increasing atomic number, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Their oxides are called alkaline earths.

Lithium : 

Lithium Lithium, symbol Li, silvery white, chemically reactive metallic element that is the lightest in weight of all metals. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table , lithium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of lithium is 3.

Beryllium : 

Beryllium Beryllium, symbol Be, gray, brittle metallic element, with an atomic number of 4. It is in group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table. It was discovered as an oxide, now known as beryllia, in 1797 by French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin.

Sodium : 

Sodium Sodium, symbol Na, highly reactive, silvery-white, extremely soft metallic element. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, sodium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of sodium is 11. It was discovered in 1807 by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy.

Magnesium : 

Magnesium Magnesium, symbol Mg, silvery white metallic element that is relatively unreactive. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table, magnesium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of magnesium is 12.

Potassium : 

Potassium Potassium, symbol K (from Latin kalium,”alkali”), chemically reactive, extremely soft metallic element. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, potassium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of potassium is 19.

Calcium : 

Calcium Calcium, symbol Ca, reactive, silvery-white metallic element. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table , calcium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of calcium is 20. The British chemist Sir Humphry Davy isolated calcium in 1808 by means of electrolysis.

Rubidium : 

Rubidium Rubidium (Latin rubidus,”red”), symbol Rb, chemically reactive metallic element with an atomic number of 37. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, rubidium is one of the alkali metals.

Strontium : 

Strontium Strontium, symbol Sr, chemically reactive, malleable, ductile metallic element. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table, strontium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of strontium is 38.

Cesium : 

Cesium Cesium, symbol Cs, white, soft, chemically reactive metallic element. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, cesium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of cesium is 55.

Barium : 

Barium Barium, symbol Ba, soft, silvery, highly reactive metallic element. Barium is in group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table and is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of barium is 56.

Francium : 

Francium Francium, symbol Fr, radioactive metallic element that closely resembles cesium in chemical properties. In group 1 (or Ia) of the periodic table, francium is one of the alkali metals. The atomic number of francium is 87.

Radium : 

Radium Radium (Latin radius,”ray”), symbol Ra, chemically reactive, silvery white, radioactive metallic element. In group 2 (or IIa) of the periodic table, radium is one of the alkaline earth metals. The atomic number of radium is 88.

THE END : 

THE END