logging in or signing up allergenic extracts samaju Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 257 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 07, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: praatik (15 month(s) ago) i need this presentation urgently.....pls...send it to - masterganesh90@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: aruaruaru (18 month(s) ago) haiiii i would like to download your presentation on allergenic extracts, would u please send it to arunraj45753@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS AJU S.SAM 1st yr. M.PHARM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS NEHRU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Slide 2: INTRODUCTION ALLERGY is defined as changed or altered reaction in the body of an individual in response to a substance or a condition that is harmless to others. ALLERGENS are inciting agents of allergies ie, the substance capable of sensitizing the body in such a way that an unusual response occurs in hypersensitive persons. Slide 3: 2.TYPES OF ALLERGENS INHALANT – pollens, dusts, mites INGESTANT – milk, egg, peanut INJECTANT – pencillins, sting of bees CONTACTANT – Dibromofluorescein, Lanolin INFECTANT – Hook worm, tape worm Slide 4: 3.SYMPTOMS Inhalant – inflammation of nose (sneezing, lacrimation, itching, swelling of nose and eyes), inflammation of lungs (asthma). Ingestant – skin rashes, puffed lips and tongues, migraine, rhinitis Injectant – itching of palm of hand, sole of feet, peeling of skin. Contactant – contact dermatitis Infectant – vomiting, diarrhoea Slide 5: 4.TYPES OF ALLERGY ( HYPERSENSITIVITY ) Type 1 (immediate hypersensitivity): antigen+ IgE Bound to mast cells and basophils degranulation liberation of histamines , bradykinin, leukotrienes allergic reactions Most of environmental allergens produce type 1 allergies. Slide 6: b.Type2 (cytotoxic reaction) Antigen + cell complex + IgG and IgM promote destruction by lysis or phagocytosis by macrophages hemolysis,neutropenia thrombocytopenia Eg: chloramphenicol + elements of blood Slide 7: c. Type 3 (immune complex mediated) Antigens + IgG immune complex circulate in the body & deposits in preferred sites (skins , joints ) histamine release, activation of kinin edema system,aggregation skin rashes of platelets joint pain Slide 8: d. Type 4 (delayed / cell mediated) Antigen + T lymphocyte activation of T lymphocyte macrophages & lymphocytes Contact dermatitis, tissue injury Eg: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Insect bites Slide 9: 5.TESTING OF ALLERGY SKIN TEST BLOOD TEST (PUNCTURE / PRICK) RADIOMETRIC IMMUNOASSAY RADIOALLERGOSORBENT TEST ` Slide 10: SKIN TESTING Placing a drop of allergen on skin & abrading the skin with a needle. Done inside the forearm and on back. positive test appears as raised red itchy bump. A positive and negative control is also placed. Positive control – histamine Negative control – salt water / saline Slide 11: BLOOD TEST RAST- Radio Allergosorbent Testing Measures total IgE level in the blood serum. uses anti-IgE s labeled with radioactive isotopes. done in patients having anti histaminic medication, B.P medication & under serious lung and heart conditions. Slide 12: 6. ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS Concentrated solutions or suspensions of allergens used for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Aqueous extracts ( 0.9% NaCl used as diluent). glycerinated extracts (50% glycerin as diluent). Buffered at pH- 8 (phosphate buffered saline). <0.4% phenol used as preservative. Slide 13: QUALITIES OF IDEAL ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS 1.Purity: The extract should contain the allergen derived from its source material and should not be contaminated with allergens from other source materials. 2.Stability: The duration of extract potency and the conditions necessary to maintain this stability must be determined. 3.Sterility: Each batch of allergenic extract must be sterile. 4.Safety: Allergenic extracts must be safe for human use both in relationship to their allergenic properties and to any other short- or long-term effects. Slide 14: PREPARATION OF ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS Materials: source should be reliable. foreign matter not more than 1%. proper dehydration to prevent microbial contamination. Grinding: hairs ,feathers, textiles are finely divided. Defatting: using ether and petroleum ether, provide clear final extract. Extraction: carried out in cold room(4O c). 24-72 hours. using sterile, pyrogen free buffered saline (pH-7.8). ( phosphate buffered saline or coca’s solution). Slide 15: After extraction mixture clarified by coarse filtration / dialyzed against saline . Sterilized by cellulose membrane filter. Storage: refrigerated at 2 to 80 c. Expiry: aqueous extracts – 18 months. glycerinated extracts – 3 years. Slide 16: STANDARDISATION OF ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS provide a means of comparison of potency of different extracts, and to ensure proper use of extracts in diagnosis and therapy. 1. Weight volume 2.Protein Nitrogen Unit 3.Skin Testing 4. RAST 5.ELISA 6. Immunofluorescence Slide 17: STANDARDIZATION USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES Recombinant DNA technology Slide 18: REFERENCES 1. A.N.Kaliya.Text Book Of Industrial Pharmacognosy; first edition, 2005:176-187 2. Indian J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 15(2) : 67-74 3.R. Ananthanarayanan, C.K.JayaramPanicker. Ananthanarayanan And Panicker’s Text Book of Microbiology; 8th edition,2009:689-691 You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
allergenic extracts samaju Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 257 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: September 07, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: praatik (15 month(s) ago) i need this presentation urgently.....pls...send it to - masterganesh90@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: aruaruaru (18 month(s) ago) haiiii i would like to download your presentation on allergenic extracts, would u please send it to arunraj45753@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS AJU S.SAM 1st yr. M.PHARM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS NEHRU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Slide 2: INTRODUCTION ALLERGY is defined as changed or altered reaction in the body of an individual in response to a substance or a condition that is harmless to others. ALLERGENS are inciting agents of allergies ie, the substance capable of sensitizing the body in such a way that an unusual response occurs in hypersensitive persons. Slide 3: 2.TYPES OF ALLERGENS INHALANT – pollens, dusts, mites INGESTANT – milk, egg, peanut INJECTANT – pencillins, sting of bees CONTACTANT – Dibromofluorescein, Lanolin INFECTANT – Hook worm, tape worm Slide 4: 3.SYMPTOMS Inhalant – inflammation of nose (sneezing, lacrimation, itching, swelling of nose and eyes), inflammation of lungs (asthma). Ingestant – skin rashes, puffed lips and tongues, migraine, rhinitis Injectant – itching of palm of hand, sole of feet, peeling of skin. Contactant – contact dermatitis Infectant – vomiting, diarrhoea Slide 5: 4.TYPES OF ALLERGY ( HYPERSENSITIVITY ) Type 1 (immediate hypersensitivity): antigen+ IgE Bound to mast cells and basophils degranulation liberation of histamines , bradykinin, leukotrienes allergic reactions Most of environmental allergens produce type 1 allergies. Slide 6: b.Type2 (cytotoxic reaction) Antigen + cell complex + IgG and IgM promote destruction by lysis or phagocytosis by macrophages hemolysis,neutropenia thrombocytopenia Eg: chloramphenicol + elements of blood Slide 7: c. Type 3 (immune complex mediated) Antigens + IgG immune complex circulate in the body & deposits in preferred sites (skins , joints ) histamine release, activation of kinin edema system,aggregation skin rashes of platelets joint pain Slide 8: d. Type 4 (delayed / cell mediated) Antigen + T lymphocyte activation of T lymphocyte macrophages & lymphocytes Contact dermatitis, tissue injury Eg: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Insect bites Slide 9: 5.TESTING OF ALLERGY SKIN TEST BLOOD TEST (PUNCTURE / PRICK) RADIOMETRIC IMMUNOASSAY RADIOALLERGOSORBENT TEST ` Slide 10: SKIN TESTING Placing a drop of allergen on skin & abrading the skin with a needle. Done inside the forearm and on back. positive test appears as raised red itchy bump. A positive and negative control is also placed. Positive control – histamine Negative control – salt water / saline Slide 11: BLOOD TEST RAST- Radio Allergosorbent Testing Measures total IgE level in the blood serum. uses anti-IgE s labeled with radioactive isotopes. done in patients having anti histaminic medication, B.P medication & under serious lung and heart conditions. Slide 12: 6. ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS Concentrated solutions or suspensions of allergens used for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Aqueous extracts ( 0.9% NaCl used as diluent). glycerinated extracts (50% glycerin as diluent). Buffered at pH- 8 (phosphate buffered saline). <0.4% phenol used as preservative. Slide 13: QUALITIES OF IDEAL ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS 1.Purity: The extract should contain the allergen derived from its source material and should not be contaminated with allergens from other source materials. 2.Stability: The duration of extract potency and the conditions necessary to maintain this stability must be determined. 3.Sterility: Each batch of allergenic extract must be sterile. 4.Safety: Allergenic extracts must be safe for human use both in relationship to their allergenic properties and to any other short- or long-term effects. Slide 14: PREPARATION OF ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS Materials: source should be reliable. foreign matter not more than 1%. proper dehydration to prevent microbial contamination. Grinding: hairs ,feathers, textiles are finely divided. Defatting: using ether and petroleum ether, provide clear final extract. Extraction: carried out in cold room(4O c). 24-72 hours. using sterile, pyrogen free buffered saline (pH-7.8). ( phosphate buffered saline or coca’s solution). Slide 15: After extraction mixture clarified by coarse filtration / dialyzed against saline . Sterilized by cellulose membrane filter. Storage: refrigerated at 2 to 80 c. Expiry: aqueous extracts – 18 months. glycerinated extracts – 3 years. Slide 16: STANDARDISATION OF ALLERGENIC EXTRACTS provide a means of comparison of potency of different extracts, and to ensure proper use of extracts in diagnosis and therapy. 1. Weight volume 2.Protein Nitrogen Unit 3.Skin Testing 4. RAST 5.ELISA 6. Immunofluorescence Slide 17: STANDARDIZATION USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES Recombinant DNA technology Slide 18: REFERENCES 1. A.N.Kaliya.Text Book Of Industrial Pharmacognosy; first edition, 2005:176-187 2. Indian J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001; 15(2) : 67-74 3.R. Ananthanarayanan, C.K.JayaramPanicker. Ananthanarayanan And Panicker’s Text Book of Microbiology; 8th edition,2009:689-691