biotech-products

SEMINAR ON BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS (cytokines, Interferon, Erythropoietin, GCSF, HIV vaccine): 

SEMINAR ON BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS ( cytokines, Interferon, Erythropoietin, GCSF, HIV vaccine ) AJU S. SAM 1 ST YEAR M.PHARM DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS NEHRU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY 1 8/9/2011

BIOTECH DRUGS: 

2 BIOTECH DRUGS Insulin HGH Interleukin Interferon Erythropoietin GCSF Deoxy ribonuclease –I HIV- vaccine 8/9/2011

CYTOKINES: 

CYTOKINES Produced by expression from suitable cloning vectors containing the desired cytokine gene in yeast, bacteria, mammalian cells or insect cell systems. Expression in each system result in a protein that differs to a varying extend from native molecules. Alterations can include absence of glycosylation, alterations in glycosylation pattern, slight alterations in amino acid sequence. 3 8/9/2011

Slide 4: 

The expression system can influence the pharmacokinetic properties, biologic activity and clinical toxicity of recombinant proteins. Expression vectors are useful for the construction of recombinant forms of cytokines to investigate structure/ function relationship. Heterologous expression systems employed to express streamlined cytokines engineered for better clincal efficacy or to create novel specificities. 4 8/9/2011 Cont. . . .

Production of cytokines in-vitro: 

Production of cytokines in-vitro 1. Stimulated T-cells Lymphocytes 8/9/2011 5 Isolated From Peripheral blood / spleen Cultured in growth medium stimulated with mitogen /specific antigen mitosis CYTOKINES

Cont.. : 

Cont.. 2. T- cell Hybridomas 8/9/2011 6 Mitogen or antigen activated T- cells Cloned fused Hybridomas CYTOKINES

Cont..: 

Cont.. 3. Constitutive or inducible cell lines. 4. Genetically engineered cells containing genes coding for cytokines. USES: IL-2: induce cytotoxic capacity of NK cells. IL-3: production of granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes & platelets. 8/9/2011 7

INTERFERONS: 

INTERFERONS Compounds produced by the body that perform functions related to the immune system. Recombinant interferon refers to interferon compounds that are produced by recombinant techniques. In recombinant technology, a gene of interest is placed into the genome of a system such as cell culture or specific animal. Final protein product is then isolated and used for its intended purposes. 8 8/9/2011

Slide 9: 

Recombinant interferon can be used to treat a variety of conditions incluing specific cancers or leukemias, HIV associated disorders, warts and hepatitis 3 different types of interferons, alpha, beta and gamma. Multiple schlerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system overreacts and begins to attack the body’s own tissues. For this reason the compounds that stimulate the immune system would be the last line of treatment for a disease like MS. 9 8/9/2011 Cont . . .

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT INTERFERONS: 

PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT INTERFERONS The complementary DNA was synthesised from mRNA of a specific interferon. This is inserted to a vector which is introduced into E.coli or other cells. The interferon can be isolated from the culture medium. 10 8/9/2011

PRODUCTION INTERFERONS BY YEAST: 

PRODUCTION INTERFERONS BY YEAST The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is more suitable for production of recombinant interferons as they possess the mechanism to carry out glycosylation of proteins. The DNA sequence coding for specific human interferon can be attached to the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase gene in a plasmid and introduced into four yeast cells. 11 8/9/2011

PRODUCTION OF HYBRID INTERFERONS: 

PRODUCTION OF HYBRID INTERFERONS Different interferons with different antiviral activities can be combined to produce a more efficient interferon. In this process the glycosylation step can be bypassed. Creation of hybrid genes from the genes of IFN-A∞2 and IFN-A ∞3 are digested by restriction endonucleases. The resulting fragments are ligated to generate hybrid genes. The appropriate hybrid genes can be selected. 12 8/9/2011

SIDE EFFECTS: 

SIDE EFFECTS Immune responses, fever, chills and other unpleasant flu symptoms, swelling or even slight necrosis or cell death at the injection site. 13 8/9/2011

USES: 

USES Used for the treatment of a large no of viral diseases and cancers. Cancers include leukemia, kaposis sarcoma, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma, skin cancer and multiple myeloma. Other diseases are AIDS, multiple sclerosis, genital warts, hepatitis C 14 8/9/2011

ERYTROPOIETIN: 

ERYTROPOIETIN It is a hormone synthesized by the kidneys. Glycoprotein of 165 amino acid residues. It stimulate the stem cells of bone marrow to produce matured erythrocytes. Epoietin is useful in treating the patients with severe anemia that accompanies kidney disease. 15 8/9/2011

GRANULOCYTE- COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF): 

GRANULOCYTE- COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (GCSF) Stimulates proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil precursor cells. Chronic neutropenia, acute leukaemia, aplastic anaemia, treatment of myelosuppression. 8/9/2011 16

Cont..: 

Cont.. 8/9/2011 17

DEOXY RIBONUCLEASE-I: 

DEOXY RIBONUCLEASE-I Long DNA chain USES: Common hereditary disease Cystic fibrosis 8/9/2011 18 Shorter oligonucleotides DNAse -I hydrolysis

HIV VACCINE : 

HIV VACCINE DIFFICULTIES IN DEVELOPMENT: Classic vaccines mimic natural immunity against reinfection seen in individuals recovered from infection, no recovered AIDS patients Most vaccines protect against disease, not against infection; HIV infection may remain latent for long periods before causing AIDS. Most effective vaccines are whole killed or live attenuated organisms; killed HIV-1 does not retain antigenicity and the use of a live retrovirus vaccine raises safety issues. 19 8/9/2011

Slide 20: 

Most vaccines protect against infections that are infrequently encountered; HIV maybe encountered daily by individuals at high risk. Most vaccines protect against infections through mucosal surfaces of the respiratory or GIT; the great majority is through the genital tract. 20 8/9/2011 Cont . .

QUESTIONS??????: 

8/9/2011 21 QUESTIONS ??????

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION: 

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION 22 8/9/2011