Vit A final

Vitamin A: 

Vitamin A

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene: 

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene Retinoids and carotenoids Vitamin A activity

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene: 

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene: 

Vitamin A And Beta-Carotene Roles in the body Vitamin A in vision

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Roles in the body Vitamin A in protein synthesis and cell differentiation

Deficiency Symptom: Keratinization: 

Deficiency Symptom: Keratinization

Vitamin A Deficiency Symptoms: 

Vitamin A Deficiency Symptoms

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Vitamin A deficiency Xeropthalmia in rat - dryness of the cornea Early stages are curable

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Cured with 6 days treatment with Vitamin A

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Late Stages are incurable - Vitamin A deficiency Clouding of cornea, ulceration, keratomalacia

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Vit A: 6 mo old calves. Calf in rear got 20 ml cod liver oil. Deficient calf in front was blind.

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Vit A: Emaciation, night blindness, scours.

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Vit A: Advanced xerophthalmia , clouded cornea.

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Vit A deficiency in diet of dam caused calf to be born blind & weak.

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Blind steer walking into a fence. Vitamin A deficiency

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Edema (anasarca) of the brisket. Vit A deficiency.

Vitamin A (Retinol): 

Vitamin A (Retinol) Retinol

b - Carotene and Retinol : 

b - Carotene and Retinol CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 OH Oxidation C H O Retainal Retinol (Vitamin A) - 2H

Vitamin A Activity Determnination in Foods : 

Vitamin A Activity Determnination in Foods Vitamin A Activity = b -Carotene + Retinol

Vitamin A and b - Carotene Determination: 

Food KOH (Alcoholic) Saponification 3 hrs. at room temperature Ether for Extraction Extract (retinol and b -carotene) Vitamin A and b - Carotene Determination HPLC

Vitamin A: 

Vitamin A Column: Nova-Pack C 18 ; 150 x 3.9mm Eluent : 95:5 Methanol: CH 3 CN Detection wavelength: 285 nm

Thiamin Determination : 

Thiamin Determination THIOCHROME (Fluorescent) N K 3 Fe(CN) 6 Oxidation N S N N H 3 C CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH N S N N H 3 C CH 2 NH 2 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH Pyrimidine Thiazole measure the absorbance at 435 nm Mono-, pyro-, or triphosphate. Protein

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VITAMIN A Vitamin A is a generic term for many related compounds. Retinol (alcohol), Retinal (aldehyde) are often called preformed vitamin A. Retinal can be converted by the body to retinoic acid which is known to affect gene transcription. Body can convert b -carotene to retinol, thus called provitamin A.

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FUNCTIONS Vision : integrity of eye & formation of rodopsin necessary for dark adaptation. Regulation of gene expression : vital to cell differentiation & physiologic processes Growth & development Immunity : important for activation of T lymphocyte, maturation of WBC & integrity of physiological barrier.

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Nutrient Interactions Zinc deficiency interfere with vitamin A metabolism in several ways : It decreases the synthesis of retinol binding protein, which transports retinol to tissues. It decreases the activity of the enzyme retinyl palmitate, which is necessary for release of retinol from the liver. Zn is needed for the enzyme that convert retinol into retinal.

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Nutrient Interactions/2 Iron & vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency may exacerbate IDF Vitamin A supplementation improves iron status among children & pregnant women. Combining vitamin A with iron controls IDA more quickly & effectively than using iron alone.

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VITAMIN A UNITS 1 m g of retinol = 6 m g of b -carotene. 3 m g of retinol = 10 international units of vitamin A. 100 mg carrots contain 10 mg of b -carotene.

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Life stage m g/day Infants 400-500 Children 300-600 Adolescent 900M- 700F Adult 900M- 700F Pregnant women 750-800 Lactating women 122-1300 Recommended Allowance

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Animal Foods Plant Foods Cod liver oil Sweet potato Liver & kidney Carrots Egg Cantaloupe Butter Spinach Milk & cheese Apricot Fish & meet Papaya RICH DIETARY SOURCES

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Vitamin A deficiency Deficiency of vitamin A leads to: Night blindness & xerophthalmia Growth retardation Acquired immune deficiency Keritinization of epithelia in RT, GIT & UT with increased risk of RTI, malabsorption & UTI.

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THERAPEUTIC USES Vitamin A deficiency Boosting immunity of infants Skin disorders Acute promyelotic leukemia Cancer prevention (lung & breast)

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TOXICITY Vitamin A in excess leads to: Dermatitis with xanthosis cutis Hepatosplenomegaly Bone pain & increased risk of fracture Pseudotumor Cerebri