anaesthesia and IHD

Views:
 
Category: Education
     
 

Presentation Description

No description available.

Comments

By: dreeshwar (9 month(s) ago)

please can u allow me to download

Presentation Transcript

Ischemic Heart Diseaseand Anesthesia : 

Ischemic Heart Diseaseand Anesthesia Dr. Jason Waechter Dec/2003

Objectives : 

Objectives Risk evaluation: Is this patient high risk or low risk? Are further investigations required? Is optimization required?

Risk Predictors : 

Risk Predictors Are categorized according to the AHA as: Major risk patient factors (marked by M) Medium risk patient factors (marked by m) Fitness capacity Type of surgery These factors determine management!

Major Patient Risks M : 

Major Patient Risks M ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) M CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) M Valvular disease M Arrhythmias M

Medium Patient Risks m : 

Medium Patient Risks m Past History of: CHF m Previous MI m CRF m DM m Mild Angina (stable angina) m

Case Presentation : 

Case Presentation 50 yr. old male with past history of chest pain presents for fem-pop bypass How do you evaluate this patient?

General Approach : 

General Approach History Physical Exam Investigations

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Risk factors for IHD: smoking, DM m, HTN,  chol. previous MI m family history of heart disease

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Acute Coronary Syndrome M unstable angina new onset angina acute MI Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) M orthopnea, ankle swelling, PND, diuretics

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Presence of Valvular Disease M ask the patient about valves History of Arrhythmias M palpitations, dizziness, syncope

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Functional Capacity < 4 mets: walk around house can do dishes slow walking on flat ground 1 block

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Functional Capacity 4-6 mets: 1 flight stairs can walk 2 blocks normal speed can walk up slight hill, but slowly

Important Features in History : 

Important Features in History Medications for CHF (diuretics, AT blocker, ACE I) for angina (beta blocker, NTG) for arrhythmia (sotalol, amiodarone) The medication profile often provides good information about the patient’s condition

Physical Exam : 

Physical Exam Perform a thorough physical exam with a focus on airway, respiratory and cardiac systems Look for MAJOR patient risk factors: CHF: (crackles, S3, JVP, edema) M Valve disease (murmurs) M

Investigations : 

Investigations Labs  K from diuretic m  Na from CHF m  Cr from CRF m  glucose (DM) m  troponin M  Hb to rule out as cause of ischemia

Investigations : 

Investigations Chest X-Ray (CXR) Signs of CHF: M hilar fullness vascular redistribution Kerley B lines alveolar infiltrates (pulmonary edema) pleural effusions

Investigations : 

Investigations ECG Acute MI M Old MI m Dysrhythmias M ventricular, 2nd or 3rd degree blocks, SVT

Echocardiography : 

Echocardiography Look for: Valvular disease M Decreased EF (<35% is high risk)

AHA Decision Making : 

AHA Decision Making The AHA has developed an algorithm for preop management of IHD 3 main factors are used: patient risk factors (major and minor) patient fitness level type of surgery (high risk, low risk)

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines : 

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines No investigations required if: emergency surgery revascularized < 5 yrs and no symptoms recent angio or stress echo was ok

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines : 

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines Angiography required if: presence of 1 major patient risk factor M

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines : 

AHA IHD Preop Guidelines Non-invasive testing required if 2 out of 3 are present: presence of 1 medium patient risk factor m poor fitness level high risk surgery

Back to the Case : 

Back to the Case 50 yr old man with chest pain for fem-pop bypass. Hx: stable angina and old MI (plasty 7 yrs ago) no CHF or valvular disease DM, HTN, smoker fitness level: walks 30 minutes ok

Case Presentation : 

Case Presentation Physical Exam normal airway lungs clear to auscultation CVS: no cardiomegaly no S3 no murmurs

Case Presentation : 

Case Presentation Meds beta blocker, ACE I, NTG Labs Cr is elevated all other values normal

Case Presentation : 

Case Presentation Investigations: ECG shows Q waves anteriorly. Otherwise is normal sinus rhythm with borderline LVH Echo shows: EF 35% normal valves mild dilated cardiomyopathy

How do you manage? : 

How do you manage? To be discussed next week …