king goal attainment theory

Seminar on : 

Seminar on Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment

Introduction : 

Imogene King - born in 1923. Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis University in 1948 Master of science in nursing from St. Louis University in 1957 Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia University. Theory of goal attainment was first introduced by Imogene King in the early 1960’s. Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a person grows and develops to attain certain life goals. Factors which affects the attainment of goal are: roles, stress, space & time Introduction

Basic assumptions : 

Nursing focus is the care of human being Nursing goal is the health care of individuals & groups Human beings: are open systems interacting constantly with their environment. Basic assumption of goal attainment theory is that nurse and client communicate information, set goal mutually and then act to attain those goals, is also the basic assumption of nursing process Basic assumptions

Slide 4: 

“Each human being perceives the world as a total person in making transactions with individuals and things in environment” “Transaction represents a life situation in which perceiver & thing perceived are encountered and in which person enters the situation as an active participant and each is changed in the process of these experiences”

Major Concepts : 

Interacting systems: personal system Interpersonal system Social system 1. Concepts for Personal System Perception Self Growth & development Body image Space Time Major Concepts

Slide 6: 

2. Concepts for Interpersonal System Interaction Communication Transaction Role Stress 3. Concepts for Social System Organization Authority Power Status Decision making

Propositions of King’s Theory : 

If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-client interactions, transaction will occur If nurse and client make transaction, goal will be attained If goal are attained, satisfaction will occur If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions, growth & development will be enhanced Propositions of King’s Theory

Slide 8: 

If role expectations and role performance as perceived by nurse & client are congruent, transaction will occur If role conflict is experienced by nurse or client or both, stress in nurse-client interaction will occur  If nurse with special knowledge skill communicate appropriate information to client, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.

Nursing Paradigms : 

1. Human being /person Human being or person refers to social being who are rational and sentient. Person has ability to : perceive think feel choose set goals select means to achieve goals and to make decision Nursing Paradigms

Slide 10: 

Human being has three fundamental needs:  The need for the health information that  is unable at the time when it is needed and can be used The need for care that seek to prevent illness, and The need for care when human beings are unable to help themselves.

2. Health : 

Health involves dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external environment through optimum use of one’s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living. 2. Health

3. Environment : 

Environment is the background for human interactions. It involves: Internal environment: transforms energy to enable person to adjust to continuous external environmental changes. External environment: involves formal and informal organizations. Nurse is a part of the patient’s environment. 3. Environment

4.     Nursing : 

Definition: “A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse and client share information about their perception in nursing situation.” and “ a process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication, they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.”  Action: is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical action. Reaction: which is considered as included in the sequence of behaviors described in action. 4.     Nursing

Slide 14: 

In addition, king discussed: (a)    goal (b)   domain and (c)    functions of professional nurse Goal of nurse: “To help individuals to maintain their health so they can function in their roles.” Domain of nurse: “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health, and caring for the sick, injured and dying. Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing process to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care..

Theory of Goal Attainment and Nursing Process : 

Assessment King indicates that assessment occur during interaction. The nurse brings special knowledge and skills whereas client brings knowledge of self and perception of problems of concern, to this interaction. During assessment nurse collects data regarding client (his/her growth & development, perception of self and current health status, roles etc.) Perception is the base for collection and interpretation of data. Communication is required to verify accuracy of perception, for interaction and transaction. Theory of Goal Attainment and Nursing Process

Nursing diagnosis : 

The data collected by assessment are used to make nursing diagnosis in nursing process. Acc. to king in process of attaining goaI the nurse identifies the problems, concerns and disturbances about which person seek help. Nursing diagnosis

Planning : 

After diagnosis, planning for interventions to solve those problems is done. In goal attainment planning is represented by setting goals and making decisions about and being agreed on the means to achieve goals. This part of transaction and client’s participation is encouraged in making decision on the means to achieve the goals. Planning

Implementations : 

In nursing process implementation involves the actual activities to achieve the goals. In goal attainment it is the continuation of transaction. Implementations

Evaluation : 

It involves to finding out weather goals are achieved or not. In king description evaluation speaks about attainment of goal and effectiveness of nursing care. Evaluation

Internal criticism : 

Adequacy Addresses the nurse-client interaction Clarity States its main components Provides definitions Confusion Multiple systems and models Consistency Provides & maintains the same definitions for its key concepts Logical Development Has been proven that the nurse-client interaction is a vital component King’s theory explores this relationship Level of Theory Development Middle range theory Utilized within both research & practice Internal criticism

External criticism : 

Discrimination Lead to setting measurable goals/outcomes in nursing Relaity Convergence Underlying assumptions about nursing, persons, health and the environment hold true Pragmatic Easily used within the nursing field & influences positive patient outcomes Scope Applicable to all patients 70% communication is nonverbal Significance Explains how nurses can interact with their patients to achieve goals Utility Widely accepted into nursing Viewed within research studies and nursing schools External criticism