ظاهرة البرق عرض بوربوينت رائع

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Slide 30: 

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Slide 31: 

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Slide 32: 

????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????!!

Slide 33: 

???? ??? ????? ????? NASA ???? ????? ?????: A lightning strike can heat the air in a fraction of a second. When air is heated that quickly, it expands violently and then contracts, like an explosion that happens in the blink of an eye. [Steve Goodman, A Lightning Primer, www.nasa.gov] ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???! ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? 14 ?????!!!

Slide 34: 

????? ?????? - ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????! - ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. - ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????.

??????? ???????? : 

??????? ???????? [1] Martin A Uman, All About Lightning, Courier Dover Publications, 1987. [2] G V Cooray, Vernon Cooray, The Lightning Flash, IET, 2003. [3] Richard Kithil, Fundamentals of Lightning Protection, National Lightning Safety Institute, www.lightningsafety.com [4] Martin A Uman, Lightning, Courier Dover Publications, 1984. [5] Hugh Christian, Steven Goodman, Observing Lightning from Space, www.nasa.gov, 1998. [6] The Lightning Process: Keeping in Step, www.noaa.gov, March 9, 2004. [7] Dan Breed, Bob Henson, Lightning: FAQ, UCAR Communications, www.ucar.edu [8] Niels Jonassen, Environmental ESD, http://www.ce-mag.com [9] Steve Price, Patrick Barry, Tony Phillips, Where Lightning Strikes, www.nasa.gov, Dec. 5, 2001. [10] Zeus, www.wikipedia.org [11] www.weathereye.kgan.com /cadet/lightning/thunder.html [12] Time Converter, www.csgnetwork.com. [13] Lightning, www.wikipedia.org [14] Lightning and Thunder, www.fma-research.com [15] Leslie Mullen, Spirits of Another Sort, www.thunder.msfc.nasa.gov, June 10, 1999. [16] How Lightning Forms, www.weatherimagery.com [17] Flash Facts About Lightning, National Geographic News, June 24, 2005. [18] Steve Goodman, A Lightning Primer, www.nasa.gov [19] Zeus and his Lightning Bolt, www.atheism.about.com [20] Susan Chollar, In the blink of an eye, Psychology Today,  March, 1988. [21] Dean R. Koontz, Lightning, Berkley Publishing Group, 2003. [22] www.csgnetwork.com/timemath.html [23] www.home.earthlink.net/~jimlux/lfacts.htm [24] lightning glossary, www.lightningeliminators.com [25] Leslie Mullen, Three bolts from the blue, www.nasa.gov, June 8, 1999.

Slide 36: 

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