Presentation Transcript
Kinetic Theory of Matter :Kinetic Theory of Matter The state of matter depends on the substance and the amount of kinetic energy present in the substance
Kinetic energy is energy of motion of the particles
Kinetic energy increases as a substance becomes less dense
Looking at the particles :Looking at the particles Solid particles vibrate in place
Liquids and gases flow
Causes diffusion
Spreading of particles throughout a liquid or gas http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html
State Depends on: :State Depends on: The substance At room temperature
Iron is a solid
Water is a liquid
Oxygen is a gas
At -220°C
Iron is a solid
Water is a solid
Oxygen is a solid The amount of Kinetic Energy Water
Is a gas above 100°C
Is a liquid between 100°C and 0°C
Is a solid below 0°C
Argon
Is a gas above -185.85°C
Is a liquid between -185.85°C and -189.35°C
Is a solid below -189.35°C
State Changes :State Changes Enthalpy- Amount of energy gained or lost in the form of heat
Changes in enthalpy (heat) result in state changes
Heating Curves :Heating Curves Solid
Warming
KE Increases Boiling
Temp Constant
KE Remains the Same Liquid
Warming
KE Increases Melting
Temp Constant
KE Remains the Same Gas
Warming
KE Increases
Cooling Curves :Cooling Curves Gas
Cooling
Decreasing KE Solid
Cooling
Decreasing KE Liquid
Cooling
Decreasing KE Condensing
Temp Constant
KE Remains the Same Freezing
Temp Constant
KE Remains the Same
Lowest Temperature :Lowest Temperature Absolute Zero
Temperature at which all matter ceases to move
0K (-273°C)
All matter is a solid
Temperature Scales :Temperature Scales Celsius Based on water
BP of Water = 100°C
MP of Water = 0°C
Designed to be replicable over the whole planet
Can be a negative number
Found by taking Kelvin -273 Kelvin Based on Celsius Scale
Absolute Zero = 0K
Always positive
Found by taking Celsius + 273