ors

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By:- Makahaniya Rahul V Roll No.:- 22 B. Pharm Sem V K.B.I.P.E.R. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)

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Diarrhea is a Great public health problem in developing countries like India II killer disease High Morbidity & Mortality. 70% deaths due to dehydration. ORS brought revolution : Greatest invention of century. 5 Millions - 1.5 millions deaths/ annum now. BACKGROUND

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Physiological Definition of Diarrhea Loss of fluid and electrolytes via stools is net result of imbalance between secretory and absorptive processes in small & large intestine. Electrolytes have a critical role in the regulation of water absorption and secretion across the intestine.

Treatment of Acute Diarrhea : 

Treatment of Acute Diarrhea Oral Rehydration Therapy Dietary therapy Zinc therapy Antimicrobials Others

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Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) WHO - ORS = Physiological Basis Other Fluids & Liquid Diets

Home Available Fluids : 

Home Available Fluids Recommended Salt sugar solution Lemon water(Sikanjabi) Rice water / Kanjee Soups Dal water Lassi Coconut water Plain water Not recommended Simple sugar solution Glucose solution Carbonated soft drinks Fruit juices-tinned or fresh Fluids for athletes Gelatin desserts Tea/Coffee

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Composition of WHO High & Low Osmolality ORS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Ingredients / L High Osmolality Low Osmolality Components / Litre_________ Sodium Chloride 3.5 2.6 Na 90 75 Sodium Citrate 2.9 2.9 Citrate 10 10 or Sodium Carbonate 2.5 2.5 H CO3 30 30 Potassium Chloride 1.5 1.5 K 20 20 Glucose 20 13.5 Glucose 111 75 Osmolality 311 245 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Limitations of WHO High Osm-ORS Does not lower volume, frequency and duration of diarrhea Induces vomiting due to taste, acceptability poor Enhances volume, purge rate & duration of diarrhea due to high osmolality More chances of dehydration – Dehydrating fluid So more oftenly IV fluids required Hypernatremia Good to correct deficit fluids but not good for maintenance therapy

Need of Low Osm-ORS : 

Need of Low Osm-ORS Does lower volume, frequency & duration Equally effective in cholera, toxin related & RV diarrhea : Deficit & maintenance therapy No need of IV fluids Good for all ages infancy to adulthood Asymptomatic hyponatremia.

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… to conclude ORS plays a very important role in our vision to save children died due to diarrhea

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THANK YOU