Sexually Offending Developing Adolescent

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THE SEXUALLY OFFENDING DEVELOPING ADOLESCENT

Division of Juvenile Justice Services Basic Orientation Academy Presented by Ron Mervis, LCSWSpecial Populations Program Managerrmervis@utah.gov801 538-4392 : 

Division of Juvenile Justice Services Basic Orientation Academy Presented by Ron Mervis, LCSWSpecial Populations Program Managerrmervis@utah.gov801 538-4392

DISCLAIMER : 

DISCLAIMER The material in this presentation does contain subject matter and language that may be uncomfortable or offensive. It is not meant to demean, ridicule, insult, humiliate, or dishonor. The intent is to educate and share the adolescent’s perspective on sexuality-to help you understand their world.

OUTLINE : 

OUTLINE SODA INTERVIEWING STRATEGIES ASSESSMENT TREATMENT TEACHING SEXUALITY STAFF RESPONSIBILITIES NOJOS LEGISLATION TAKING CARE OF YOU

WHEN DOES SEX BECOME ABUSIVE?What Do You Think Of When You Hear The Term, Child Molester, Rapist, Sex Offender? : 

WHEN DOES SEX BECOME ABUSIVE?What Do You Think Of When You Hear The Term, Child Molester, Rapist, Sex Offender?

SODA STATISTICS : 

SODA STATISTICS In a Utah survey of all sexual abuse perpetrators, 43% were youth under the age of 18, with 18% being under the age of 13. 40% of all sexual abuse of children is committed by youth under the age of 18. 30% of sexual assault of adults is committed by offenders under the age of 18. The arrest rate for 13-14 year olds accused of sexual assault doubled between 1976-86.

SODA STATISTICS : 

SODA STATISTICS Abuses 7 victims, with some as many as 30 Many abuse same victim more than once. 61% abuse more than one victim. The average victim is 7-8 year old child – more likely female – who is unrelated by blood or marriage. The activity is unwanted, involves genital contact and in 60% of the cases, penetration. The offense is usually accompanied by some type of coercion or force.

SODA STATISTICS : 

SODA STATISTICS Majority are male Average age is 14 White Living with two parents at the time of the offense. 1 in 3 chance that he has been convicted of a non-sexual delinquent offense. Offend out of curiosity/experimentation Fewer victims and shorter duration Arousal patterns less fixed

SODA STATISTICS : 

SODA STATISTICS Poor factual knowledge of sexuality Pressure from family to deny Heterogeneous group Commit less penetrative offenses Less deviancy Younger the SODA the more likely a victimization history is playing a role in the offending As reported in Gray, A., Busconi, A., Houchens, P. and Pithers, W.D. (1997). “Children with sexual behavior problems and their caregivers: Demographics, functioning, and clinical patterns.” Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 9, pp. 267-290.

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM : 

JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

Slide 11: 

IT WAS AN ACCIDENT. HONEST! Copyright (C) 2004 by Russell D. Fry

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Individual Ingredients Problematic Pregnancy and Birth Temperament Physical/Cognitive/Emotional Disability Developmental Delays Chronic or Serious Illness Childhood Trauma

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Individual Ingredients External Locus of Control Poor Impulse Control Depression/Anxiety Low Tolerance for Frustration Feelings of Insecurity Lack of Trust Early Antisocial Behavior Impulsive Poor Cognitive Development Hyperactivity Child Aggression Behavior Problems

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Parenting Ingredients Maltreatment Poor Parent-Child Interaction Negative Attitudes and Attributions About Child’s Behavior Inaccurate Knowledge and Expectations About Child Development Parental Psychopathology Substance Abuse/Addictions High Parental Conflict

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Family Ingredients Roles Undefined/Lack of Boundaries/Privacy Family Structure Large Family Size Childhood History of Abuse Financial Challenges Domestic Violence Social Isolation Lack of Support

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Peer Ingredients Association With Deviant Peers Anti-Social Peer Group Peer Rejection Concentration Of Delinquent Peer Groups School And Community Ingredients Failure To Bond To School Poor Academic Performance Low Academic Aspirations Poor School

RECIPE FOR SODA : 

RECIPE FOR SODA Social/Environmental Ingredients Disorganized Neighborhoods Dangerous Neighborhood Access To Weapons Lack of Access To Services Homelessness Systemic Discrimination

SEXUAL OFFENDERS SUBGROUPS : 

SEXUAL OFFENDERS SUBGROUPS

SPECIAL SUBGROUPS : 

SPECIAL SUBGROUPS Coercive vs. Assaultive Females Incest Intellectually Disabled/Low Functioning Psychopath Sexually Reactive

INTERVIEWING THE SODA : 

INTERVIEWING THE SODA

INTERVEW APPROACH : 

INTERVEW APPROACH YOU ARE THE AUTHORITY. Never Tell the Youth This Is Your First Time. Gather Background Information WHAT “BACKGROUND SOURCES?” Safe, Private, and Comfortable Room. Dignity and Respect. Explain the Reason for the Interview Share Your Background, Experience, and Expertise to Establish Credibility Limitations of Confidentiality

INTERVEW APPROACHA : 

INTERVEW APPROACHA Direct and Pace the Interview Separate the Behavior From the Person Developmentally Age Appropriate Words Check Often that Words are Understood Educate Youth When Appropriate (Terms)

WHY NO WHY QUESTIONS? : 

WHY NO WHY QUESTIONS? Questioning Styles Crescendo-start with the least intrusive information then build to the offense.  (Friends, Free Time, Fun, Family, School, Delinquency, Sexuality, Offense) Within Specific Topic Prediction Laying a positive foundation for treatment. Creates hope for recovery.

QUESTIONING STYLES : 

QUESTIONING STYLES Presupposition How often do you masturbate? Who was with you when you sexually offended? What are your sexual fantasies? What did you say to your victim? Open–Ended vs. Closed-Ended Open: “Tell me about your family.” Closed: “Do you have a nice family?”

QUESTIONING STYLES : 

QUESTIONING STYLES Forced Choice Questions Did you do this or did you that? Mind-Reading A mixture of an empathic and reflection response.

INTERVIEWING PREPWORK : 

INTERVIEWING PREPWORK Understand your client’s agenda; it will not be the same as yours Respect the client as a person capable of positive change Don’t give away what you know. Rephrase and re-ask questions at different points in the interview. Bring your best poker face Tune into sexual misinformation and thinking errors

INTERVIEWING PREPWORK : 

INTERVIEWING PREPWORK Watch the nonverbal language (Nervousness, Defensive/Evasive Posturing Destructive, Intimidating, Aggressive, Suggestive/Seductive, Power and Control) Erection during interview Observed or suspected masturbation “Accidental" rubbing against examiner

SEX TALK TIME : 

SEX TALK TIME WRITE AS MANY WORDS AS YOU CAN DESCRIBING SEXUAL BODY PARTS AND SEXUAL BEHAVIORS

PARAPHILIAS : 

PARAPHILIAS Category of mental illness sometimes diagnosed in sex offenders. The essential feature is a recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors (at least 6 months) generally involving: Nonhuman objects Suffering or humiliation of self or other Children or nonconsenting adults’

TYPES OF PARAPHILIAS : 

TYPES OF PARAPHILIAS Exhibitionism; exposure of genitals Fetishism; use of non living objects for sexual arousal/gratification Frotteurism; touching/rubbing against nonconsenting person Pedophilia; focus on prepubescent children Sexual Masochism or Sadism; receiving or inflicting humiliation or suffering Transvestic Fetishism; cross-dressing Voyeurism; observing sexual activity without being detected

ASSESSMENT GOALS : 

ASSESSMENT GOALS Community Protection Determine Level of Risk Determine Level of Dangerousness Determine Supervision/Level of Care Sexually Offending Developing Adolescent Treatment Needs Amenability to Treatment Treatment Progress

SEXUAL OFFENDING SPECIFIC ASSESMENTS : 

SEXUAL OFFENDING SPECIFIC ASSESMENTS Psychosexual Evaluation Sexual Behavioral Risk Assessment (SBRA) J-SOAP-II JSORRAT Polygraph Plethysmograph

RISK FACTORS : 

RISK FACTORS Dynamic risk factors are potentially changeable with time or level of functioning as opposed to Static risk factors, which are unchangeable and are based on history, such as number of prior arrests or victims. Protective factors are those that mitigate risk.

CLINICAL INTERVIEW DATA : 

CLINICAL INTERVIEW DATA Cooperation Honest and Open Acceptance of Responsibility Remorse and Regret Relationship With Victim Specificity of the Sexual Acting-Out

CYCLE COMPONENTS : 

CYCLE COMPONENTS Build-Up Triggers Pre-Acting Out/Planning Risk Factors Acting –Out Overcoming Conscience Justification Making What I Did Seem OK Pretend-Normal Coping Responses Thinking Errors Denial/Deception Minimizing

SBRA-Clinical Interview With the Youth and Collateral Contacts to Determine Needs, Risk and Treatment Plan. Major Areas Include: : 

SBRA-Clinical Interview With the Youth and Collateral Contacts to Determine Needs, Risk and Treatment Plan. Major Areas Include: Background History Delinquency Record Family Medical Mental Health School Peers Substance Sexuality History Sexual Identity Thinking Errors Victimization

THE BEST PREDICTOR OF FUTURE BEHAVIOR IS : 

THE BEST PREDICTOR OF FUTURE BEHAVIOR IS

“PUNISHMENT SUPPRESSES BEHAVIOR IT DOES NOT CHANGE IT” : 

“PUNISHMENT SUPPRESSES BEHAVIOR IT DOES NOT CHANGE IT”

WHAT WORKS? : 

WHAT WORKS? TREATMENT DELIVERED WITH A MOTIVATIONAL APPROACH BASED ON EMPATHIC UNDERSTANDING, MUTUAL TRUST AND ACCEPTANCE.

TREATMENT IS SKILLS ORIENTED : 

TREATMENT IS SKILLS ORIENTED Skills to avoid sex offending Skills to engage in legitimate activities “Skills oriented treatment” includes: Defining the skill Identifying the usefulness of the skill Modeling the skill Practicing the skill Giving feedback Practicing the skill again

TREATMENT MODELS : 

TREATMENT MODELS 1. Cognitive/Behavioral Treatment Model: A comprehensive, structured treatment approach based on sexual learning theory using cognitive restructuring methods and behavioral techniques. Behavioral methods are primarily directed at reducing arousal and increasing pro-social skills. The cognitive behavioral approach employs peer groups and educational classes, and uses a variety of counseling theories.

TREATMENT MODELS2 : 

TREATMENT MODELS2 2. Relapse Prevention (RP) Treatment Model: Relapse Prevention: 1) teaches clients internal self-management skills; 2) plans for an external supervisory component; and 3) provides a framework within which a variety of behavioral, cognitive, educational, and skill training approaches are prescribed in order to teach the sex offender how to recognize and interrupt the chain of events leading to relapse. The focus of both assessment and treatment procedures is on the specification and modification of the steps in this chain, and the skills to choose new behaviors.

TREATMENT COMPONENTS : 

TREATMENT COMPONENTS Accept Responsibility: Thinking Errors Carefronting Thinking Errors and Related Behaviors Baby Steps (What About Bob) Responsibility and Accountability Control Sexual Arousal: Education About Fantasy and Behavior Reducing Deviant Urges and Increase Non-Deviant Urges Medication

TREATMENT COMPONENTS : 

TREATMENT COMPONENTS Victim Empathy: Effects Of Their Abuse Ripple Effect (Time and People) Imagine Victim Experience Victim(s) Clarification Sessions Improve Social Competence: Using group setting for practice Referral to specialized treatment Involving significant others

TREATMENT COMPONENTS : 

TREATMENT COMPONENTS To Develop Relapse Prevention Skills: Education About Relapse Prevention Identifying Individual’s Cycle Teaching Strategies to Avoid Lapses Teaching/Practicing Strategies to Minimize Lapses

HIGH RISK FACTORS : 

HIGH RISK FACTORS Angry Lonely Tired Bored Frustrated Rejected Confused Unhappy Pressured Pain or poor health Alcohol and/or drugs Some TV or movies Pornography Alone, unsupervised Potential victims Money problems Relationship problems New freedom

TREATMENT COMPONENTS : 

TREATMENT COMPONENTS Cycle Work: Learn triggers to offending Techniques to short-circuit Interplay of thoughts-feelings-behaviors and environments To Clarify with Victim: Verbalize full responsibility Acknowledge grooming, set up State details of offense Support decision to report to police Acknowledge ongoing problem

TREATMENT COMPONENTS : 

TREATMENT COMPONENTS Interpersonal Skills: Learn that the primary purpose of assertiveness is to increase self-respect Reduce fear, shame and anger in interpersonal interactions Increase appropriate self-respect and self-esteem Improve effective interpersonal interactions Teach specific assertiveness skills

YOUR TASKS, THEIR GOALS : 

YOUR TASKS, THEIR GOALS Help them to: take charge of their healing process overcome their self blame and shame learn to trust deal with grief and loss issues learn what is “normal” and what isn’t reshape their behavior focus on positives find social, environmental, personal reinforcements

SODA ASSIGNMENTS : 

SODA ASSIGNMENTS Autobiography (handouts) Offense Report (handouts) Journaling-daily log on events and their accompanying thoughts, feelings, choices and outcomes. Ideal Sexual Fantasy-describe your ideal partner(s), most arousing, erotic, toys, location, thoughts, feelings, behaviors, partner’s reactions, sensory description. Anger Payback Fantasy-choose the person(s) who have harmed you, disrupted your life. Describe the harm and how you use this to move you to anger and beyond.

SODA ASSIGNMENTS : 

SODA ASSIGNMENTS Thinking Errors Report-identify the different ways that you avoid taking full responsibility for your actions. Offense From Victim’s Point of View Costs of Offending Relapse Prevention Triggers High Risk Features Safety Planning

SODA ASSIGNMENTS : 

SODA ASSIGNMENTS DEFINE MAJOR THINKING ERRORS Blaming Denial Justification Rationalization Minimization Manipulation Catastrophising Objectification

DENIAL SETS : 

DENIAL SETS Denial of Abuse Awareness Deviancy Facts Fantasy Frequency Harm Knowledge Planning Problem Responsibility

HANDLING DENIAL : 

HANDLING DENIAL Confront each instance of denial Confront thinking errors consistently Do not allow shifting of responsibility Allow some rationalization Use behavioral descriptors Emphasize “What happened?” (vs. why) Avoid multiple questions Ask rapid fire questions Frame disclosure as positive

SAFETY PLANS : 

SAFETY PLANS Home School-before, during, and after Work Peers Recreation Sports Technology- Internet, Telephone, Cable Leisure/Free Time Worship Homes-relatives and friends Transportation

PROGRESS MEASURES : 

PROGRESS MEASURES Responsibility Relationships Social Skills Cognitive Ability/Skills Impact of Past Trauma Personal Characteristics Interactions Language Used

MEASURING RECIDIVISM? : 

MEASURING RECIDIVISM? Recidivism is the commission of a subsequent offense. The key questions are: What is the likelihood that a specific offender will commit subsequent sex crimes? Under what circumstances is this offender least likely to reoffend? What can be done to reduce the likelihood of reoffense?

STAFF AND THE SODA : 

STAFF AND THE SODA CATCH THEM DOING GOOD Emphasize social reinforcements Shape behavior, don’t just “punish” Give more attention to positive behavior Be fair & realistic about changes

HATS YOU WEAR AT WORK : 

HATS YOU WEAR AT WORK

THINGS TO DO : 

THINGS TO DO Eyes On At All Times Constant Awareness Of Youth LISTEN TO THEM Assessing Their Actions Challenge Behaviors LISTEN TO THEM Correct Sexuality Related Misinformation Interview for Factual Sexual Information LISTEN TO THEM

THINGS TO DO : 

THINGS TO DO KNOW YOUR OWN STUFF KNOW YOUR LIMITATIONS WHAT ARE YOUR SEXUAL VALUES?

THINGS TO DO : 

THINGS TO DO Be Prepared to Handle Their Stuff Inform Them of Reporting Laws Let Them Teach You Educate Them on Healthy Sexuality Know the Offender-Victim-Survivor-Thriver Inter-relationships Validate Their Feelings and Thoughts Help Them Learn What Is Normal Teach and Model Communication

THINGS TO DO : 

THINGS TO DO Treat Them with Respect and Dignity They are the Expert Understand the Issues of Power and Control Interactions are Developmentally Appropriate Be Professional

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY The family is one of the most significant settings for shaping our behaviors, giving perspective to the world, constructing our beliefs systems, values, formulating our identity, and influencing who we are and who we will become.

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY Exploitative Family-Lack of unconditional love, parents use the children to meet their own selfish needs, unrealistic (pushed to excel) and/or negative expectations (demon seed), external validation system, no internal controls, parents are entitled, see children as property, manipulation is the family economy. Sexual Compulsives-Youth experiences an inability to express negative emotions, engage in repetitive sexually arousing behaviors, subject to mild mood swings, and they display other types of addictive behaviors-substance abuse. Use of force is present.

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY Rigid/Enmeshed Family-Secretive and isolated, collusion, us against the world mentality, insecurity and codependency, boundaries and roles become blurred, emotionally flat, affection acts are absent, mothers may become overly dependent on their sons for validation and intimacy (emotional and physical) while the fathers are distant and unreachable, extremely anxious, and control is power. Sexually Aggressive-Youth has good social skills, relates well with peers, charming, gregarious, substantial history of anti-social behaviors, poor impulse control, and there is force and intimidation used in their sexually offending.

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY Chaotic/Disengaged Family-operates from a state of continual crisis, multiproblem families, parents tend to be immature and lacking in social skills, deficit in problem solving techniques, parents act out to cope, poor role models, lack of respect and valuing of each other, members are unconnected, relationships are shallow, affection is hollow, poor supervision, and there is minimal sense of control or order in the home. Naive Experimenters-youth who are venturing into the world of sexuality, incidents are isolated, exploratory and situational. Primary motivation is curiosity. No force or coercion is used. Playing Doctor, Playing House, flashing body parts.

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY “Perfect” Family-look great initially, with more scrutiny superficiality appears. The energy is spent in molding and maintaining the appearance of faultlessness and flawlessness.  Pseudosocialized-youth exhibits appropriate social skills, comfortable with peers, little or no history of sexual acting out, confident and secure in most social settings, may have been a victim of early childhood sexual abuse, exhibit little or no guilt, remorse, or empathy, tend to use rationalizations and intellectualization to disavow responsibility, perpetration is characterized as mutually consensual, intimate and non-coercive.

FAMILY TYPOLOGY : 

FAMILY TYPOLOGY Previously Adequate Family-blended family due to marriage/adoption and their adaptation becomes dysfunctional, older children feel displaced, loosening of sexual boundaries, lack a healthy coping style, problematic defense mechanisms, parents may become the walking wounded when the sexual offending surfaces. Disturbed Impulsive-youth may have history of mental health problems, substance abuse, significant learning problems, difficulty with reality testing and understanding social cues, engage in negative attributions in their world, sexually offending may be due to a significant lack of any type of inhibitory controls or self-regulation.

FAMILY SYSTEM : 

FAMILY SYSTEM What to observe-what is said, what is not said, who is talking, who isn’t talking, what are they willing to talk about, what are they not, who is the leader/follower, what are the roles, personal space, clothing, grooming, power base, alliances, roles, taboo topics, boundaries, communication patterns,

CARETAKERS ROADBLOCKS : 

CARETAKERS ROADBLOCKS Denial and Minimization Keep the Family Secret Parental Failure Choose between Offender and Victim Own Victimization Issues Addictions/Abuses Mental Illness Criminal Involvement

ADAM WALSH LEGISLATIONHR #4472 : 

ADAM WALSH LEGISLATIONHR #4472 The bill is an act to protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime, to prevent child abuse and child pornography, to promote Internet safety, and to honor the memory of Adam Walsh and other child crime victims.

HIGHLIGHTS : 

HIGHLIGHTS Internet access state/national sex offender registry. State Notification when sex offenders cross state lines. Widens the notification and registry requirements while increasing time on registry. Increasing those entities/agencies who will be notified where a sex offender is residing, working or going to school. Increased penalty for failure to register

HIGHLIGHTS4 : 

HIGHLIGHTS4 SEX OFFENDER-an individual who, either before or after the enactment of this Act, was convicted of, or adjudicated as a juvenile delinquent (14) for, a sex offense and the offense adjudicated was comparable to or more severe than aggravated sexual abuse or was an attempt or conspiracy to commit such an offense (aggravated sex offenses, rape, object rape, object rape of a child, rape of a child, forcible sodomy, sodomy of a child, forcible sexual abuse, aggravated sexual assault).

SEX OFFENDER REGISTRY : 

SEX OFFENDER REGISTRY Registry Information: Photograph Name Address Address Date Ethnicity Sex Height and Weight Eyes Hair DOB/Current Age Current Vehicles Offense Convicted Offense Conviction Date Degree: Misdemeanor or Felony Counts Targets

UTAH SEX OFFENDER REGISTRY : 

UTAH SEX OFFENDER REGISTRY Zip Code 84119-there are 173 “registered” sexual offenders Oldest is 79 yo male who was convicted of Sexual Abuse of a Child Closest one is a 27 yo male living at 3415 South 900 West. Along with 31 other sex offenders at the same address. Convicted of Unlawful Sexual Activity with a Minor-between 14 and 16 years old.

SECONDARY TRAUMA IMPACT: How Does This Work Impact Your Life? Relationships? Worldview? Parenting? Socializing? Dating? : 

SECONDARY TRAUMA IMPACT: How Does This Work Impact Your Life? Relationships? Worldview? Parenting? Socializing? Dating? Answer: Distort perceptions of normal behavior. Emotionally Draining. Violates Social Norms Distrustful of others. Burdened with the Responsibility of the SODA Overprotective of kids Overly Responsible for Community Safety Overuse Coping Skills Feel Isolated Deny Our Own Needs Relationship Problems

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR YOU? : 

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR YOU? Listen to feedback from colleagues, family, friends Take care of yourself Create a self-care list Be creative Get away Appreciate the Weather Have Fun/Socialize Sense of humor Healthy Relationships Healthy Vent At Work Healthy Vent Away From Work Hobbies or Leisure Activities Exercise Mentally Escape-read, movies, etc. Professional Peers Seek Counseling If Needed EAP Brent Johnson 538-4216

TIME TO JOURNEY ON : 

TIME TO JOURNEY ON

BUILDING BETTER BRIDGES : 

BUILDING BETTER BRIDGES

TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF : 

TAKING CARE OF YOURSELF