mrsa training

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M R S A Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Control & Prevention

What is MRSA (Mur-sa)? : 

What is MRSA (Mur-sa)? “Super Bug” Sometimes called a “staph” infection Commonly causes skin infections Resistant to (not killed by) penicillin Increasingly important cause of healthcare-associated infections since the 1970s In 1990s, emerged as cause of infection in the community Control & Prevention MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT

What Does MRSA Look Like? : 

What Does MRSA Look Like? Can cause skin infections that may look like a pimple or boil Can be red, swollen, painful or have pus or other drainage Skin monitoring is important for persons returning from hospitals Most serious infections may cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections or surgical wound infections MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

What Does MRSA Look Like? : 

What Does MRSA Look Like? Spider bite Turf burn Impetigo Boil Abscess MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Various Settings : 

Various Settings Sports participants Inmates in correctional facilities Military recruits Daycare attendees Shelter evacuees MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

CDC Surveillance Areas : 

CDC Surveillance Areas MRSA OR CA CO MN TN GA NY MD CT Population: 16.3 million (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

CDC Surveillance Areas : 

CDC Surveillance Areas MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

CDC Surveillance Areas : 

CDC Surveillance Areas MRSA Klevins et al. JAMA 2007;298:1763-71 (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

How Do You Get MRSA? : 

How Do You Get MRSA? Bacteria commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people Bacteria may be present without causing infection 20% to 30% of the population is “colonized” (akin to being a carrier) MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

How Do You Get MRSA? : 

How Do You Get MRSA? Bacteria can also be found on environmental surfaces Touching unclean sports equipment, keyboards, phones, desktops, doorknobs, etc. Sharing personal hygiene items (i.e., skin ointments, razors, towels, bar soap, etc.) MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Most Common Causes : 

Most Common Causes Staph bacteria are some of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States Pimples and boils Bloodstream infections Pneumonia MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus : 

Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus Staph bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics Methicillin Penicillin Amoxicillin MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? : 

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? Occur most frequently among persons in hospitals and healthcare facilities who have a weakened immune system May also cause illness in persons outside hospitals and healthcare facilities “Community-associated” if acquired by a person who has not been recently (within the past year) hospitalized or has not had an invasive procedure MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? : 

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? Clusters of MRSA skin infections have been investigated among Athletes Military recruits Men who have sex with men (MSM) Prisoners MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Factors Associated with the Spread of MRSA : 

Factors Associated with the Spread of MRSA Close skin-to-skin contact Crowded living conditions Cuts or abrasions of the skin Contaminated items and surfaces Poor hygiene/sharing hygiene items Lack access to healthcare Share sports equipment MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? : 

Who is at High Risk for MRSA? People who: Over use antibiotics or take them incorrectly Have abraded or injured skin Have severe immune system problems like cancer, leukemia and HIV MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Who Gets MRSA? : 

Who Gets MRSA? MRSA Anyone can get MRSA! (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

How is MRSA Treated? : 

How is MRSA Treated? By a healthcare provider who may: Drain the infection and/or Prescribe an antibiotic and/or Reduce the amount of MRSA on the patient’s skin MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Prevention : 

Prevention Keep hands clean by washing thoroughly with soap and water, use friction and scrub for 20 seconds Use 60% alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap and water are not available Keep cuts and scrapes clean and covered with a bandage until healed MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Prevention : 

Prevention Avoid contact with other people’s wounds or bandages Avoid sharing personal items such as towels and razors If skin is dry, use a moisturizer to prevent cracking MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Clean & Disinfect Surfaces : 

Clean & Disinfect Surfaces Cleaning gets rid of the dirt you can see Soap and water is a good cleaning solution Disinfecting gets rid of most of the germs Follow manufacturers guidelines for disinfectants Establish routine cleaning schedules MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Clean & Disinfect Surfaces : 

Clean & Disinfect Surfaces MRSA can stay on environmental surfaces for weeks! Clean and disinfect frequently, all environmental surfaces that may come in direct contact with skin MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Treatment : 

Treatment Some staph infections may be treated by draining the abscess or boil and may not require antibiotics Drainage should only be done by a healthcare provider If the infection does not get better after a few days, contact healthcare provider again If other people you know or live with get the same infection, tell them to see their doctor MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Treatment : 

Treatment Most MRSA infections are treatable with antibiotics Take all doses, even if the infection is getting better, unless your doctor says otherwise Do not share antibiotics with other people Some staph infections may be treated by draining the abscess or boil and may not require antibiotics MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Control : 

Control If MRSA is identified, follow these steps: Cover the wound Pus from infected wounds can contain staph and MRSA, so keeping the infection covered will help prevent the spread to others Keep wounds that are draining or have pus covered with clean, dry bandages Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on proper care of the wound Bandages or tape can be discarded with regular trash MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Control : 

Control If MRSA is identified, follow these steps: Clean your hands Persons with MRSA, and others in close contact, should wash hands frequently with soap and warm water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer Especially important after changing a bandage or touching an infected wound MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Control : 

Control If MRSA is identified, follow these steps: Do not share personal items Avoid sharing items such as towels, washcloths, razors, clothing, or athletic equipment that may have come into contact with an infected wound or bandage Wash sheets, towels, and clothes that become soiled with water and laundry detergent Drying clothes in a hot dryer, rather than air-drying, also helps kill the bacteria in clothes MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Environmental Control : 

Environmental Control The 5 “C”s of Community-Associated MRSA CLEANLINESS Hand hygiene, bathing, laundering clothing/uniforms COMPROMISED Skin integrity – Keep wounds clean and covered CONTACT Avoid contact with other people’s wounds/bandages CONTAMINATION Avoid sharing personal items (water bottles, towels, etc.). Clean and disinfect environment CROWDING Implement measures to avoid overcrowding, as appropriate MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention

Questions : 

Questions MRSA (C) 2011 Rob Grayless, BS, EMT Control & Prevention