Alzheimer's Disease

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Alzheimer’s Disease : 

Alzheimer’s Disease Jurmaida H. Pagayao , BSN, RN

Overview of AD: 

Overview of AD

Definition : 

Definition A disabling degenerative disease of the nervous system Characterized by dementia and failure of memory for recent events followed by total incapacitation and eventually death

Incidence : 

Incidence Most common cause of early dementia Accounts for about half of all dementia

Onset : 

Onset The disease process starts long before symptoms start to develop Early onset form of AD: may begin as early as 40 years of age Late onset form of AD: typically begins after age 60

Life Expectancy: 

Life Expectancy Life expectancy after the development of symptoms ranges from 8-10 years

Etiology: 

Etiology Unknown.

Clinical findings: 

Clinical findings

Stage 1: 

Stage 1 Loss of recent memory Easily irritated Loss of interest in life Decline of abstract thinking Decline of problem-solving ability 1

Stage II: 

Stage II (Most common stage when disease is diagnosed) Profound memory deficits Inability to concentrate or manage business or personal affairs 2

Stage III: 

Stage III Aphasia Inability to recognize or use objects Involuntary emotional outbursts Incontinence 3

Stage IV: 

Stage IV Patients become nonverbal Completely withdrawn Loss of appetite Leads to state of emaciation All body functions cease and death quickly ensues 4

Nursing focus: 

Nursing focus

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Monitor vital signs and LOC Implement collaborative care as ordered Keep requests simple

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Avoid confrontation Maintain a consistent environment Frequently reorient the patient

Patient teaching: 

Patient teaching

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Provide patient and family with literature on AD Advise family that, as AD progresses, so does the need for supervision of ADLs such as cooking and bathing

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Advise family to lock windows and doors to prevent wandering Explain that patient should wear an ID bracelet in case he or she becomes lost

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Explain the actions, dosages, side effects, and adverse reactions of meds.

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Thank you!