logging in or signing up Water Treatment renalmxc Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1976 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: March 01, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: iqbalmasood (7 month(s) ago) Great presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: LRVS (26 month(s) ago) So far the presentation transcript has the information I am looking for to design a Water Treatmnent plant for Hemodyalisis treatments, and woul like to have the slide presentation to show it to my co-workers and to get a better idea on how to start this project. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration in replying to my request. Youis truly, Luis Vargas Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Crwaller1 (26 month(s) ago) Great Job, this has a lot of information. Great presentation. I would like to download this presentation to view in my class. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Product water & Haemodialysis solution preparation - Water Treatment Plant : Product water & Haemodialysis solution preparation - Water Treatment Plant Dr Sharif Zahooruddin CHT MD Cert (Sports Medicine) Adjunct Faculty, Nephrology Program, Malcolm X College Certified Haemodialysis Instructor/ Practitioner Slide 2: Objectives How water collects impurities : How water collects impurities Acid rain : Co2 & Sulphur dioxide - Carbonic & Sulphuric acid – Caco3 & ca sulphate. Regulatory Authority in USA : EPA act passed in 1974. Comparison of Drinking water / Dialysis water volumes : Comparison of Drinking water / Dialysis water volumes Points to be noted : Points to be noted Chloramines ( Chlorine + Ammonia) – kill bacteria. Alum – Flocculent. Flouride – prevent tooth decay Changing acid/ base PH - to control metal leaching to pipes. People with working kidneys may drink 10–14 liters of water per week; most patients are exposed to 270 to 576 liters of water per week as dialysate. Water for dialysis should be treated to meet standards set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). AAMI has standards for bacteria, endotoxin (toxins on the membranes of certain bacteria), metals, salts, trace elements, and other substances. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) adopted the AAMI water standards as part of the Conditions for Coverage for dialysis centers Slide 6: Schematic of Water Treatment System Bonent points : Bonent points terms used for rivers: upstream and downstream. A return loop carries the water back through the system. A skilled water treatment engineer should design each water treatment system for dialysis FEED WATER COMPONENTS Backflow Prevention Device Temperature Blending Valve - 77 F. A decrease in temperature from 77°F will decrease the efficiency of a reverse osmosis membrane.There is a 1.5% decrease for every 1°F drop in temperature. Booster Pump –The booster pump is placed downstream from the backflow prevention device and temperature blending valve. Pressure gauges are placed before and after the booster pump. PRETREATMENT COMPONENTS Chemical Injection Systems - ideal pH of the feed water should be 5.0–8.5 - hydrochloric or sulfuric acid - to reduce chloramines in feed water by injecting sodium metabisulfite Slide 8: Filters of different ratings trap progressively smaller particles Slide 9: Sediment Filters multimedia filter backwashing and flushes particles out of the filter. Water Softener calcium and magnesium that form scale resin beads are coated with sodium chloride ions Water softeners are regenerated by flushing the resin bed with water and then with brine (very concentrated saline) Brine tanks It is vital to prevent your water softener from regenerating during dialysis - high levels of sodium could cause the reverse osmosis system to alarm. Regeneration is done every day/ every other day. Carbon Tanks granular activated charcoal (GAC) – worker & polisher tanks - mainly used to remove chlorine, chloramines, pesticides, industrial solvents, and some trace organic substances - made of coconut shells, peach pits, wood, and/or bone - It comes in particle sizes, called “mesh” sizes; A 12 x 40 or smaller mesh size should be used - GAC should have an iodine rating (a measure of carbon adsorption) of greater than 900 to provide a large enough surface area - Carbon that is regenerated by the manufacturer should not be used for dialysis - Empty bed contact time (EBCT) = WFR and Vol GAC - Carbon tanks cannot be disinfected or NO Regenerated tanks – replacing the tanks. Cartridge Filter Housing : Cartridge Filter Housing Sediment Filters - multimedia filter backwashing and flushes particles out of the filter. Water Softener : Water Softener Water Softener calcium and magnesium that form scale resin beads are coated with sodium chloride ions Water softeners are regenerated by flushing the resin bed with water and then with brine (very concentrated saline) Brine tanks It is vital to prevent your water softener from regenerating during dialysis - high levels of sodium could cause the reverse osmosis system to alarm. Regeneration is done every day/ every other day. Carbon Tanks : Carbon Tanks Carbon Tanks granular activated charcoal (GAC) – worker & polisher tanks - mainly used to remove chlorine, chloramines, pesticides, industrial solvents, and some trace organic substances - made of coconut shells, peach pits, wood, and/or bone - It comes in particle sizes, called “mesh” sizes; a 12 x 40 or smaller mesh size should be used - GAC should have an iodine rating(a measure of carbon adsorption) of greaterthan 900 to provide a large enough surface area - Carbon that is regenerated by the manufacturer should not be used for dialysis - Empty bed contact time (EBCT) = WFR and Vol GAC - Carbon tanks cannot be disinfected or NO Regenerated tanks – replacing the tanks. Reverse Osmosis : Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis Continued : Reverse Osmosis Continued Def: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a way to remove solutes from a solution using a membrane and pressure….. most fragile & Costliest part Cartridge prefilter - to remove carbon fines, resin beads, and other debris. Gauges should be placed before and after the Prefilter (replaced as needed). RO pump and motor assembly Loudest, pump water with high pressure RO membranes TFC (thin film composite) membrane (polyamide) have a thin, dense membrane over a thick, porous substructure for strength; they are spiral wound around a permeate collecting tube - It filters out or rejects metals, salts, and chemicals, as well as bacteria, endotoxins, and viruses. RO can reject 95%–99% of charged ionic particles (e.g., aluminum). Organic materials (e.g., bacteria) are rejected if their molecular weight is greater than 200. TFC membranes break down when exposed to chlorine and chloramines Cleaning is needed every 4 months to strip off scale build-up. Peracetic acid of less than 1% is used to disinfect the membrane once a month. If the RO membrane is not working, water quality or quantity will be reduced RO Membrane Configuration : RO Membrane Configuration Spiral – Wound RO Module : Spiral – Wound RO Module TFC membranes have a thin, dense membrane over a thick, porous substructure for strength they are spiralwound around a permeate collecting tube Deionization Tanks : Deionization Tanks DEIONIZATION Deionization (DI) removes all anions (negativelycharged ions) and cations (positively-charged ions) from water Cations in the water are exchanged for hydrogen (H+) ions, and anions are exchanged for hydroxide (OH–) ions. The H+ and OH– ions combine to form very pure product water (H20) Types: Dual bed and mixed bed Some risks to using it: : Some risks to using it: Hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a DI tank are exhausted (used up) -treated water may be very acidic (low pH) or alkaline (high pH), or may have high levels of harmful chemicals. Most deaths & size greater that water to be treated. Monitoring needed. DI does not remove bacteria, need ultrafilter downstream. ( site for bacterial growth). Offsite DI – Industrial resin vs medical/food resin. – industrial solvents/ metal ions. Carbon filter before DI tank: Use of DI systems to treat water containing chlorine/chloramines generates nitrosamines, which can cause cancer in patients treated with the water. DI tanks used in dialysis must use a temperature compensated resistivity meter with an alarm, which goes off when the water resistivity drops below 1 megohm/cm and is a requirement per AAMI standards. ULTRAVIOLET (UV)IRRADIATOR : ULTRAVIOLET (UV)IRRADIATOR Works by changing the DNA (genetic material) of the bacteria so they die or can’tmultiply. UV lights used to prevent bacterial growth have a light wavelength of 254 nanometers. Feed water flows over the quartz material and is exposed to the UV light. Older systems require monitoring the number of hours used & replacement parameters. In newer systems, the irradiator will have a calibrated UV intensity meter that delivers a minimum dose of radiant energy at 16 milliwatt-sec/cm2, and sets off a visual alarm when a new bulb is needed. The UV irradiator may also be placed with the pretreatment components, after the carbon tanks. This will lower the bacteria levels going into the RO system. SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS : SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS are membrane filters that reduce the level of bacteria in product water. Ultrafilters are membrane filters that remove bacteria and endotoxin. Filters should be cleaned and disinfected or replaced when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet filter gauges is 10 pounds per square inch. Distribution System WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS To reduce bacterial growth, the water flow velocity through the distribution system should be kept at a minimum of 3 feet per second for an indirect feed and 1.5 feet per second for a direct feed system. The most common material used in piping systems is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Disinfection of Water Treatment Systems : Disinfection of Water Treatment Systems Biofilm— slime made by microorganisms—is a major problem for water treatment systems. Once biofilm starts to form, it is almost impossible to remove. The entire water treatment system may need to be replaced if biofilm forms. The most common type of water treatment system disinfection is chemical (e.g., bleach). Ozone and heat can also be used. Monitoring a Water Treatment System All dialysis centers should keep in close contact with the local water treatment plant. Each center should send a letter to the plant at least once a year. The letter will remind the plant that a dialysis center is present, and that the center will need updates on the status of water treatment. THE END ….!!! Lets see some interesting tables and photographs. Ultrafilter : Ultrafilter Slide 23: Water Treatment Summary EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards : EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards Symptoms of Potentially related to Water Contamination : Symptoms of Potentially related to Water Contamination Slide 26: Water Quality Testing Chart You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Water Treatment renalmxc Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1976 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: March 01, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: iqbalmasood (7 month(s) ago) Great presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: LRVS (26 month(s) ago) So far the presentation transcript has the information I am looking for to design a Water Treatmnent plant for Hemodyalisis treatments, and woul like to have the slide presentation to show it to my co-workers and to get a better idea on how to start this project. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration in replying to my request. Youis truly, Luis Vargas Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Crwaller1 (26 month(s) ago) Great Job, this has a lot of information. Great presentation. I would like to download this presentation to view in my class. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Product water & Haemodialysis solution preparation - Water Treatment Plant : Product water & Haemodialysis solution preparation - Water Treatment Plant Dr Sharif Zahooruddin CHT MD Cert (Sports Medicine) Adjunct Faculty, Nephrology Program, Malcolm X College Certified Haemodialysis Instructor/ Practitioner Slide 2: Objectives How water collects impurities : How water collects impurities Acid rain : Co2 & Sulphur dioxide - Carbonic & Sulphuric acid – Caco3 & ca sulphate. Regulatory Authority in USA : EPA act passed in 1974. Comparison of Drinking water / Dialysis water volumes : Comparison of Drinking water / Dialysis water volumes Points to be noted : Points to be noted Chloramines ( Chlorine + Ammonia) – kill bacteria. Alum – Flocculent. Flouride – prevent tooth decay Changing acid/ base PH - to control metal leaching to pipes. People with working kidneys may drink 10–14 liters of water per week; most patients are exposed to 270 to 576 liters of water per week as dialysate. Water for dialysis should be treated to meet standards set by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). AAMI has standards for bacteria, endotoxin (toxins on the membranes of certain bacteria), metals, salts, trace elements, and other substances. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) adopted the AAMI water standards as part of the Conditions for Coverage for dialysis centers Slide 6: Schematic of Water Treatment System Bonent points : Bonent points terms used for rivers: upstream and downstream. A return loop carries the water back through the system. A skilled water treatment engineer should design each water treatment system for dialysis FEED WATER COMPONENTS Backflow Prevention Device Temperature Blending Valve - 77 F. A decrease in temperature from 77°F will decrease the efficiency of a reverse osmosis membrane.There is a 1.5% decrease for every 1°F drop in temperature. Booster Pump –The booster pump is placed downstream from the backflow prevention device and temperature blending valve. Pressure gauges are placed before and after the booster pump. PRETREATMENT COMPONENTS Chemical Injection Systems - ideal pH of the feed water should be 5.0–8.5 - hydrochloric or sulfuric acid - to reduce chloramines in feed water by injecting sodium metabisulfite Slide 8: Filters of different ratings trap progressively smaller particles Slide 9: Sediment Filters multimedia filter backwashing and flushes particles out of the filter. Water Softener calcium and magnesium that form scale resin beads are coated with sodium chloride ions Water softeners are regenerated by flushing the resin bed with water and then with brine (very concentrated saline) Brine tanks It is vital to prevent your water softener from regenerating during dialysis - high levels of sodium could cause the reverse osmosis system to alarm. Regeneration is done every day/ every other day. Carbon Tanks granular activated charcoal (GAC) – worker & polisher tanks - mainly used to remove chlorine, chloramines, pesticides, industrial solvents, and some trace organic substances - made of coconut shells, peach pits, wood, and/or bone - It comes in particle sizes, called “mesh” sizes; A 12 x 40 or smaller mesh size should be used - GAC should have an iodine rating (a measure of carbon adsorption) of greater than 900 to provide a large enough surface area - Carbon that is regenerated by the manufacturer should not be used for dialysis - Empty bed contact time (EBCT) = WFR and Vol GAC - Carbon tanks cannot be disinfected or NO Regenerated tanks – replacing the tanks. Cartridge Filter Housing : Cartridge Filter Housing Sediment Filters - multimedia filter backwashing and flushes particles out of the filter. Water Softener : Water Softener Water Softener calcium and magnesium that form scale resin beads are coated with sodium chloride ions Water softeners are regenerated by flushing the resin bed with water and then with brine (very concentrated saline) Brine tanks It is vital to prevent your water softener from regenerating during dialysis - high levels of sodium could cause the reverse osmosis system to alarm. Regeneration is done every day/ every other day. Carbon Tanks : Carbon Tanks Carbon Tanks granular activated charcoal (GAC) – worker & polisher tanks - mainly used to remove chlorine, chloramines, pesticides, industrial solvents, and some trace organic substances - made of coconut shells, peach pits, wood, and/or bone - It comes in particle sizes, called “mesh” sizes; a 12 x 40 or smaller mesh size should be used - GAC should have an iodine rating(a measure of carbon adsorption) of greaterthan 900 to provide a large enough surface area - Carbon that is regenerated by the manufacturer should not be used for dialysis - Empty bed contact time (EBCT) = WFR and Vol GAC - Carbon tanks cannot be disinfected or NO Regenerated tanks – replacing the tanks. Reverse Osmosis : Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis Continued : Reverse Osmosis Continued Def: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a way to remove solutes from a solution using a membrane and pressure….. most fragile & Costliest part Cartridge prefilter - to remove carbon fines, resin beads, and other debris. Gauges should be placed before and after the Prefilter (replaced as needed). RO pump and motor assembly Loudest, pump water with high pressure RO membranes TFC (thin film composite) membrane (polyamide) have a thin, dense membrane over a thick, porous substructure for strength; they are spiral wound around a permeate collecting tube - It filters out or rejects metals, salts, and chemicals, as well as bacteria, endotoxins, and viruses. RO can reject 95%–99% of charged ionic particles (e.g., aluminum). Organic materials (e.g., bacteria) are rejected if their molecular weight is greater than 200. TFC membranes break down when exposed to chlorine and chloramines Cleaning is needed every 4 months to strip off scale build-up. Peracetic acid of less than 1% is used to disinfect the membrane once a month. If the RO membrane is not working, water quality or quantity will be reduced RO Membrane Configuration : RO Membrane Configuration Spiral – Wound RO Module : Spiral – Wound RO Module TFC membranes have a thin, dense membrane over a thick, porous substructure for strength they are spiralwound around a permeate collecting tube Deionization Tanks : Deionization Tanks DEIONIZATION Deionization (DI) removes all anions (negativelycharged ions) and cations (positively-charged ions) from water Cations in the water are exchanged for hydrogen (H+) ions, and anions are exchanged for hydroxide (OH–) ions. The H+ and OH– ions combine to form very pure product water (H20) Types: Dual bed and mixed bed Some risks to using it: : Some risks to using it: Hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in a DI tank are exhausted (used up) -treated water may be very acidic (low pH) or alkaline (high pH), or may have high levels of harmful chemicals. Most deaths & size greater that water to be treated. Monitoring needed. DI does not remove bacteria, need ultrafilter downstream. ( site for bacterial growth). Offsite DI – Industrial resin vs medical/food resin. – industrial solvents/ metal ions. Carbon filter before DI tank: Use of DI systems to treat water containing chlorine/chloramines generates nitrosamines, which can cause cancer in patients treated with the water. DI tanks used in dialysis must use a temperature compensated resistivity meter with an alarm, which goes off when the water resistivity drops below 1 megohm/cm and is a requirement per AAMI standards. ULTRAVIOLET (UV)IRRADIATOR : ULTRAVIOLET (UV)IRRADIATOR Works by changing the DNA (genetic material) of the bacteria so they die or can’tmultiply. UV lights used to prevent bacterial growth have a light wavelength of 254 nanometers. Feed water flows over the quartz material and is exposed to the UV light. Older systems require monitoring the number of hours used & replacement parameters. In newer systems, the irradiator will have a calibrated UV intensity meter that delivers a minimum dose of radiant energy at 16 milliwatt-sec/cm2, and sets off a visual alarm when a new bulb is needed. The UV irradiator may also be placed with the pretreatment components, after the carbon tanks. This will lower the bacteria levels going into the RO system. SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS : SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS SUBMICRON AND ULTRAFILTERS are membrane filters that reduce the level of bacteria in product water. Ultrafilters are membrane filters that remove bacteria and endotoxin. Filters should be cleaned and disinfected or replaced when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet filter gauges is 10 pounds per square inch. Distribution System WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPING SYSTEMS To reduce bacterial growth, the water flow velocity through the distribution system should be kept at a minimum of 3 feet per second for an indirect feed and 1.5 feet per second for a direct feed system. The most common material used in piping systems is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Disinfection of Water Treatment Systems : Disinfection of Water Treatment Systems Biofilm— slime made by microorganisms—is a major problem for water treatment systems. Once biofilm starts to form, it is almost impossible to remove. The entire water treatment system may need to be replaced if biofilm forms. The most common type of water treatment system disinfection is chemical (e.g., bleach). Ozone and heat can also be used. Monitoring a Water Treatment System All dialysis centers should keep in close contact with the local water treatment plant. Each center should send a letter to the plant at least once a year. The letter will remind the plant that a dialysis center is present, and that the center will need updates on the status of water treatment. THE END ….!!! Lets see some interesting tables and photographs. Ultrafilter : Ultrafilter Slide 23: Water Treatment Summary EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards : EPA National Primary Drinking Water Standards Symptoms of Potentially related to Water Contamination : Symptoms of Potentially related to Water Contamination Slide 26: Water Quality Testing Chart