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Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter Overview : Chapter Overview Person perception Attribution processes Interpersonal attraction Attitudes Conformity and obedience Behavior in groups Slide 2: Social Influence Social Influence A change in behavior in response to the intentional or unintentional influence of others. Slide 3: Kinds of Social Influence: Conformity Social Influence Change in response to social norms Slide 4: Conformity Social Influence Solomon Asch (1950s) Experiment investigating group size and group unanimity Slide 5: Conformity: Asch Study Slide 6: Conformity Slide 7: Conformity Most participants conformed at least once to a larger majority.. . . Slide 8: The presence of just one dissenter in the Asch paradigm reduces conformity considerably . . . Conformity Social Influence Slide 9: Kinds of Social Influence: Compliance Change in response to a direct request Slide 11: Kinds of Social Influence: Obedience to Authority Change in response to a command Slide 12: Obedience to Authority “I was just following orders” Stanley Milgram - focused on obedience to a single authority figure, in a situation involving possible harm and negative consequences. Slide 13: Experimenter Teacher (Naïve P’s) Learner (Researcher) Milgram’s Study Basic question - how far average individuals, if under the right circumstances, might act with aggression when ordered to do so. 30 switches ranging from 15 to 450 volts Slide 14: Results of Milgram’s Initial Study Slide 15: Results of Milgram’s Initial Study Slide 16: What determines the level of obedience? In the original Milgram study, the learner was in another room and could be heard but not seen. What if he were closer? What if the teacher had to force his hand onto the shock plate? Obediance drops to 30%; but it’s still 30%! Questions? Slide 17: Variations on the Initial Milgram Study Slide 18: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Attribution: Attaching some causative statement about behavior along some dimensions. Slide 19: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Internal/External - Is the behavior characteristic of the person’s personality (Internal), the situation (External), or both? Slide 21: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Fundamental Attribution Error Attributing the cause of negative events to the person (Internal). Slide 22: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Actor/Observer Discrepancy – We attribute behavior of others to internal traits, but our own behavior to situational variables Slide 23: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Self-Serving Bias – Attributing our successes to dispositions and our failures to situations Slide 24: Cognitive Dissonance – uncomfortable feeling due to inconsistency between attitude and behavior or between two attitudes. Festinger & Carlsmith Slide 25: Persuasion Slide 26: Persuasion – Elaborative Likelihood Model suggest two routes for persuasion: Central Peripheral – Mere exposure effect Slide 27: Persuasion Slide 28: Persuasion – Elaborative Likelihood Model suggest two routes for persuasion: Slide 29: Group Influence Social Facilitation Social Loafing Group Polarization Groupthink Slide 30: Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968) Slide 31: Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968) Slide 32: Interpersonal Attraction Slide 33: Social Relations Determinants of Attraction Attraction: A fav/unfavorable attitude; a tendency to evaluate another in a pos/neg way. Slide 34: Social Relations Determinants of Attraction Attractiveness clearly varies by culture . . . It varies within culture as well . . . Slide 35: Social Relations What determines Initial Attraction? Physical attractiveness is one of the most powerful determinants of initial liking for another person. Slide 36: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Numerous kinds of facial measures are taken in an attempt to quantify facial attractiveness. Slide 37: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which Lyle Lovett do you like the most? This one? Or this one? More people prefer the one on the right. Why? Slide 38: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which Kate Strube would Kate Strube prefer? This one? Or this one? Kate would probably like the one on the right more even though the one on the left is her actual school picture. Why? Slide 39: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which of these two faces do you prefer? Most people prefer the one on the right. Slide 40: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which of these three faces do you prefer? 1 2 3 Slide 41: Social Relations What else effects Attractiveness? Proximity and repeated exposure Slide 42: Social Relations Attraction & Liking in Dorms(Priest & Sawyer) Proximity on the Same Floor % Liking Roommates 93% Next Door 57% 2-7 Rooms Apart 50% 8-13 Rooms Apart 44% Slide 43: Social Relations Situational Determinants of Attraction Do people become more attractive at closing time? Pennebaker et al. (1979) study Slide 44: Social Relations Situational Determinants of Attraction Slide 45: Social Relations Forms of Love Friendship Love - a close relationship composed of enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, mutual assistance, understanding, and spontaneity. Slide 46: Social Relations Forms of Love Romantic Love- is also referred to as passionate love or Eros. Typically, dominates in the early stages of a relationship. Slide 47: Social Relations Forms of Love Affectionate Love- (companionate love)- a deep caring affection for another as well as a desire to be near the other person. Slide 48: Social Relations Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Liking Intimacy Infatuation Passion Empty Love Commitment Romantic Love Intimacy + Passion Companionate Love Intimacy + Commitment Fatuous Love Passion +Commitment Slide 49: Social Relations Matching Hypothesis Most people pair up with someone who is roughly similar in physical attractiveness. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Social Bases of Beh 2009 Online reillles Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 100 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 26, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter Overview : Chapter Overview Person perception Attribution processes Interpersonal attraction Attitudes Conformity and obedience Behavior in groups Slide 2: Social Influence Social Influence A change in behavior in response to the intentional or unintentional influence of others. Slide 3: Kinds of Social Influence: Conformity Social Influence Change in response to social norms Slide 4: Conformity Social Influence Solomon Asch (1950s) Experiment investigating group size and group unanimity Slide 5: Conformity: Asch Study Slide 6: Conformity Slide 7: Conformity Most participants conformed at least once to a larger majority.. . . Slide 8: The presence of just one dissenter in the Asch paradigm reduces conformity considerably . . . Conformity Social Influence Slide 9: Kinds of Social Influence: Compliance Change in response to a direct request Slide 11: Kinds of Social Influence: Obedience to Authority Change in response to a command Slide 12: Obedience to Authority “I was just following orders” Stanley Milgram - focused on obedience to a single authority figure, in a situation involving possible harm and negative consequences. Slide 13: Experimenter Teacher (Naïve P’s) Learner (Researcher) Milgram’s Study Basic question - how far average individuals, if under the right circumstances, might act with aggression when ordered to do so. 30 switches ranging from 15 to 450 volts Slide 14: Results of Milgram’s Initial Study Slide 15: Results of Milgram’s Initial Study Slide 16: What determines the level of obedience? In the original Milgram study, the learner was in another room and could be heard but not seen. What if he were closer? What if the teacher had to force his hand onto the shock plate? Obediance drops to 30%; but it’s still 30%! Questions? Slide 17: Variations on the Initial Milgram Study Slide 18: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Attribution: Attaching some causative statement about behavior along some dimensions. Slide 19: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Internal/External - Is the behavior characteristic of the person’s personality (Internal), the situation (External), or both? Slide 21: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Fundamental Attribution Error Attributing the cause of negative events to the person (Internal). Slide 22: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Actor/Observer Discrepancy – We attribute behavior of others to internal traits, but our own behavior to situational variables Slide 23: Making Attributions to Explain Behavior Social Influence Self-Serving Bias – Attributing our successes to dispositions and our failures to situations Slide 24: Cognitive Dissonance – uncomfortable feeling due to inconsistency between attitude and behavior or between two attitudes. Festinger & Carlsmith Slide 25: Persuasion Slide 26: Persuasion – Elaborative Likelihood Model suggest two routes for persuasion: Central Peripheral – Mere exposure effect Slide 27: Persuasion Slide 28: Persuasion – Elaborative Likelihood Model suggest two routes for persuasion: Slide 29: Group Influence Social Facilitation Social Loafing Group Polarization Groupthink Slide 30: Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968) Slide 31: Bystander Effect (Data from Darley & Latane, 1968) Slide 32: Interpersonal Attraction Slide 33: Social Relations Determinants of Attraction Attraction: A fav/unfavorable attitude; a tendency to evaluate another in a pos/neg way. Slide 34: Social Relations Determinants of Attraction Attractiveness clearly varies by culture . . . It varies within culture as well . . . Slide 35: Social Relations What determines Initial Attraction? Physical attractiveness is one of the most powerful determinants of initial liking for another person. Slide 36: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Numerous kinds of facial measures are taken in an attempt to quantify facial attractiveness. Slide 37: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which Lyle Lovett do you like the most? This one? Or this one? More people prefer the one on the right. Why? Slide 38: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which Kate Strube would Kate Strube prefer? This one? Or this one? Kate would probably like the one on the right more even though the one on the left is her actual school picture. Why? Slide 39: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which of these two faces do you prefer? Most people prefer the one on the right. Slide 40: Social Relations What do we mean by Attractive? Which of these three faces do you prefer? 1 2 3 Slide 41: Social Relations What else effects Attractiveness? Proximity and repeated exposure Slide 42: Social Relations Attraction & Liking in Dorms(Priest & Sawyer) Proximity on the Same Floor % Liking Roommates 93% Next Door 57% 2-7 Rooms Apart 50% 8-13 Rooms Apart 44% Slide 43: Social Relations Situational Determinants of Attraction Do people become more attractive at closing time? Pennebaker et al. (1979) study Slide 44: Social Relations Situational Determinants of Attraction Slide 45: Social Relations Forms of Love Friendship Love - a close relationship composed of enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, mutual assistance, understanding, and spontaneity. Slide 46: Social Relations Forms of Love Romantic Love- is also referred to as passionate love or Eros. Typically, dominates in the early stages of a relationship. Slide 47: Social Relations Forms of Love Affectionate Love- (companionate love)- a deep caring affection for another as well as a desire to be near the other person. Slide 48: Social Relations Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love Liking Intimacy Infatuation Passion Empty Love Commitment Romantic Love Intimacy + Passion Companionate Love Intimacy + Commitment Fatuous Love Passion +Commitment Slide 49: Social Relations Matching Hypothesis Most people pair up with someone who is roughly similar in physical attractiveness.