COAL

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NAME OF TOPIC COAL-A MAJOR SOURCE OF INDIA To:- Mrs.suchneet

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Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment.  Coal is a combustible rock and along with oil & natural gas it is one of the three most important fossil fuels.  Coal has a wide range of uses; the most important use is for the generation of electricity. What is COAL? COAL

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Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris, usually in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay. To form the thick layer of plant debris required to produce a coal seam the rate of plant debris accumulation must be greater than the rate of decay. The weight of these materials compacts the plant debris and aids in its transformation into coal. About ten feet of plant debris will compact into just one foot of coal. How Does Coal Form? COAL through a microscope

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Coal is of Four Main Types:- Peat Lignite Bituminous Anthracite Types Of COAL

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A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant debris. Peat is an organic sediment. Burial, compaction and coalification will transform it into coal, a rock. It has a carbon content of less than 60% on a dry ash-free basis. PEAT Peat: A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plant debris.

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Lignite is the lowest rank of coal. It is a peat that has been transformed into a rock and that rock is a brown-black coal. Lignite sometimes contains recognizable plant structures. By definition it has a heating value of less than 8300 British Thermal Units per pound on a mineral matter free basis. It has a carbon content of between 60 and 70% on a dry ash-free basis. In Europe, Australia and the UK some low-level lignite's are called "brown coal". LIGNITE Lignite : It often contains recognizable plant structures.

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Bituminous is the most abundant rank of coal. It accounts for about 50% of the coal produced in the United States. Bituminous coal is formed when a sub bituminous coal is subjected to increased levels of organic metamorphism. It has a carbon content of between 77 and 87% on a dry ash-free basis and a heating value that is much higher than lignite. Bituminous coal is often referred to as "soft coal“. BITUMINOUS BITUMINOUS

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Anthracite is the highest rank of coal. It has a carbon content of over 87% on a dry ash-free basis. Anthracite coal generally has the highest heating value per ton on a mineral matter free basis. It is often subdivided into semi-anthracite, anthracite and meta-anthracite on the basis of carbon content. Anthracite is often referred to as "hard coal“. ANTHRACITE Anthracite Coal: It has a bright luster and breaks with a semi- conchoidal fracture .

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COAL MINES IN INDIA Singrauli - Madhya Pradesh Korka - Chhattisgarh Talcher - Orissa Bokaro - Jharkhand Jharia - Jharkhand Raniganj - West Bengal Makun - Assam Najiria - Assam Janji - Assam Singareni - Andhra Pradesh Neyveli - Tamil Nadu

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Heat from the burning coal is used to produce steam, which turns a generator to produce electricity. Most of the electricity consumed in the United States is made by burning coal. Coke production remains an important use of coal. Coke is produced by heating coal under controlled conditions in the absence of air. Coke is then used as a high carbon fuel for metal processing and other uses where an especially hot-burning flame is needed. Coal is also used in manufacturing. If coal is heated the gases, tars and residues produced can be used in a number of manufacturing processes. Coal can also be converted into liquid and gaseous fuels; however, these uses of coal are mainly experimental and done on a small scale. Uses Of COAL

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The burning of coal by large-scale factories to power industry has led to acid rain in some regions Coal can be cleaned and/or turned into a liquid of gas but this technology has yet to be fully developed and adds to the expense of creating fuel via coal Coal mining can scar the landscape and the equipment used for mining is large and noisy which may affect local wildlife DISADVANTAGES OF COAL

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Transporting coal can be problematic because it requires an extensive transportation system and can also cause additional pollution in the form of emissions from transportation vehicles such as lorries, etc. The mining industry can cause health difficulties for miners and fatalities due to the potentially dangerous nature of the work. Burning dirty coal can create significant pollution problems. DISADVANTAGES OF COAL

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END OF SHOW Presented by:- Reeshu Garg x 26