Space � The Final Frontier

Space – The Final Frontier : 

Space – The Final Frontier By: R. Belue

Early astronomers : 

Early astronomers Astronomer - Astronomers use the principles of physics and mathematics to learn about the fundamental nature of the universe, including the sun, moon, planets, stars, ... Nicholas Copernicus – (1473 – 1543) the first astronomer to teach that the sun (not the Earth) was the center of the solar system. Galileo Galilei – built the first telescope in 1609 and proved Copernicus correct.

What is out there? : 

What is out there? Ever since mankind has looked up at the moon and stars, we have wandered about life in the universe.

How big is the universe? : 

How big is the universe? Billions of stars – planets – galaxies

What is the difference between a solar system, galaxy, and the universe? : 

What is the difference between a solar system, galaxy, and the universe? Solar System – our solar system includes our sun, moon, asteroid belt, and 9 planets Our solar system is part of the Milky way Galaxy. The universe is made up of many galaxies.

The Universe : 

The Universe We can observe only a portion of the entire universe. Because the universe is only about 14 billion years old, light has only had about 14 billion years to travel through it. Therefore, the most distant regions of the universe we can see are about 14 billion light-years away. This is the extent of the "observable universe," but the entire universe is probably much larger. It could even extend infinitely in all directions.

The name of our galaxy is: : 

The name of our galaxy is: The name of our galaxy is the Milky Way. Our Sun and all of the stars that you see at night belong to the Milky Way. When you go outside on a dark night and look up, you will see a milky, misty-looking band stretching across the sky. When you look at this band, you are looking into the densest parts of the Milky Way, the "disk" and the "bulge."

The Milky way Galaxy : 

The Milky way Galaxy A galaxy is an enormous collection of gas, dust and billions of stars held together by gravity. One galaxy can have hundreds of billions of stars and be as large as 200,000 light years across.

Slide 9: 

Our solar system is located in the outer reaches of the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a spiral galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy contains roughly 200 billion stars. Most of these stars are not visible from Earth. Almost everything that we can see in the sky belongs to the Milky Way Galaxy.

Earth in the Milky Way : 

Earth in the Milky Way

Solar System : 

Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun; the eight official planets, at least three "dwarf planets", more than 130 satellites of the planets, a large number of small bodies (the comets and asteroids), and the interplanetary medium. (There are probably also many more planetary satellites that have not yet been discovered.) The inner solar system contains the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars: The outer system contains Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Facts About Earth : 

Facts About Earth Distance from the sun - 93 million miles Distance from the moon - 240,000 miles Circumference - 25,000 miles

Chuck Yeager : 

Chuck Yeager

Chuck Yeager of WV : 

Chuck Yeager of WV Chuck Yeager was born and raised in WV. In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane to break the sound barrier. US was ahead of the world in the space race. But then………

Space Race Begins : 

Space Race Begins History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite.

Slide 17: 

Sputnik 1

Vanguard : 

Vanguard The US thought they would be the first to successfully launch a satellite into space. They put together a scientific team and began working on The Vanguard Program.

Slide 19: 

Vanguard

Vanguard Program : 

Vanguard Program Dec. 6, 1957 – The first Vanguard missile exploded on the launch pad. Out of 11 Vanguard missions, only 3 were successful.

US vs Russia : 

US vs Russia The Sputnik launch changed everything. Sputnik caught the world's attention and the American public off-guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguard's intended 3.5-pounds. In addition, the public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also meant they could carry ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S.

Slide 22: 

In response to the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the U.S. started the Explorer program. They built Explorer 1 in 84 days and launched it on January 31, 1958. Before work was completed, however, the Soviet Union launched a second satellite, Sputnik 2, on November 3, 1957.

Slide 23: 

Then the Soviets struck again; on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.

Finally we have lift off! : 

Finally we have lift off! Mar. 17 - The Vanguard 1 satellite is launched successfully . It continues to function for 3 years.

Slide 25: 

The Explorer is launched soon after and the US is finally in space. Many unmanned missions soon follow.

Mariner Project : 

Mariner Project The Mariner Project was a series of US space probes built to provide information on the inner planets – Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Mariner 2 launched in 1962.

Space Race Timeline : 

Space Race Timeline http://www.thespacerace.com/timeline

Slide 28: 

Mariner I failed on launch pad.

Voyager - launched 1977 : 

Voyager - launched 1977 The Mariner Project was renamed Voyager. Voyager 1 and 2 were originally designed to study just Jupiter and Saturn, but the two probes were able to continue their mission into the outer solar system.

Slide 30: 

Voyager images

Space Probes (Satellites) : 

Space Probes (Satellites) Mariner Viking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1st successful landing on mars. Designed to explore inner planets Voyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planets Galileo – 1989 – The 1st probe to orbit Jupiter and sent a smaller probe into it’s atmosphere. Launched from a space shuttle.

NASA : 

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States federal government, responsible for the nation's public space program. Established on July 29, 1958, by the National Aeronautics and Space Act.

Space Centers : 

Space Centers Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Mostly a manned spacecraft center. Established in 1965. Kennedy Space Center – Cape Canaveral Florida. Mostly a satellite and shuttle center. Other places include Mississippi and Alabama.

Slide 39: 

The U.S. Space & Rocket Center Huntsville, Alabama Mission Statement The U.S. Space & Rocket Center is the premier provider of authentic, inspiring, and entertaining educational experiences in space science and aviation.

Manned Space Program : 

Manned Space Program

First man in Space : 

First man in Space Yuri Gagarin orbits the Earth once and becomes the first man in space. (Russia) Alan B. Shepard becomes the first American in space. American Astronaut Russian Cosmonaut

Slide 42: 

John Glenn John Glenn was the first American to orbit the Earth. He orbited the earth in Friendship 7.

Mercury Program : 

Mercury Program The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962) 1st program to put an astronaut into space.

Slide 44: 

Project Mercury began on October 7, 1958, one year and three days after the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 and was the United States' first manned space program. The objectives of the program, which was made up of six manned flights from 1961 to 1963, were specific: 1) to orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth, 2) to investigate man's ability to function in space and 3) to recover both man and spacecraft safely. Astronauts included: Alan B. Shepard Virgil “Gus” Grissom John Glenn These astronauts later became part of the Apollo Program.

Gemini Program : 

Gemini Program Was a manned space program to put 2 men into space – hence the name Gemini which means twin. Gus Grissom and John Young fly the first manned Gemini spacecraft. Reasons for mission: To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration. To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles. To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land.

Slide 46: 

Gemini Launch

The Apollo Program : 

The Apollo Program The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth. Six of the missions (Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17) achieved this goal.

Apollo 1 Failure : 

Apollo 1 Failure Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee are killed when a fire ignites in their Apollo 1 capsule while performing a test on the launch pad.

Apollo 11 : 

Apollo 11 The first manned mission to land on the Moon. Launched July 16, 1969 and landed July 20. Astronauts: Neil Alden Armstrong Michael Collins Edwin Eugene 'Buzz' Aldrin, Jr

Slide 50: 

On July 20, 1969 Armstrong and Aldrin became the first humans to land on the Moon, while Collins orbited above.

THE SPACE SHUTTLE : 

THE SPACE SHUTTLE

The US Space Shuttle : 

The US Space Shuttle The US space shuttle was designed to be launched into space by rockets and then to return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down and landing on a runway. It was first used in the 1980’s. It is the first reusable spacecraft.

The Space Shuttle : 

The Space Shuttle Primary objective is to improve access to space First flight was April 1981 with astronauts Young and Crippen Has flown approximately 100 missions carrying 1.5 million pounds of cargo and over 600 major payloads

The Space Shuttle : 

The Space Shuttle World’s first and only reusable space vehicle Can transport people, materials, equipment and spacecraft into orbit Also used to service and repair satellites and observatories and to conduct medical and scientific experiments

Space Shuttle Components : 

Space Shuttle Components Orbiter-can carry up to 7 astronauts and the payload in its 60-foot long cargo bay (Atlantis, Discovery & Endeavour) External tank (154 feet) which stores nearly half million pounds of liquid oxygen and hydrogen Solid rocket boosters which generate nearly 6 million pounds of thrust; jettisoned 2 minutes into flight.

Shuttle Missions : 

Shuttle Missions Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlantis. Challenger was destroyed on launch in 1986, and Endeavour was built as a replacement. Columbia was destroyed on re-entry in 2003.

Slide 64: 

Challenger Crew

The International Space Station : 

The International Space Station A joint effort between 5 space agencies. The agencies include the US, Russia, Japan, Canada, and Europe. It orbits in low earth orbit. The station has continuous people staying since it was first occupied in 2000.

Inventions of the Space Program : 

Inventions of the Space Program http://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/en/kids/spinoffs2.shtml