college of the bahamas - the slave trade & the bahamas

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and its effects on The Bahamas : 

The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and its effects on The Bahamas Presented by: Ras’Deniro

The Trans Atlantic Slave TradeWhy not a “Triangular Slave Trade?” : 

The Trans Atlantic Slave TradeWhy not a “Triangular Slave Trade?”

Transatlantic Slave Trade1st Leg : 

Transatlantic Slave Trade1st Leg Europe- Africa Traded – Guns, Textiles, Beads, Cowrie Shells; used as money

Transatlantic Slave Trade3rd Leg : 

Transatlantic Slave Trade3rd Leg New World – Europe This leg transported the products of The Slave Labor These products were: cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum

The Middle Passage ; Stages of The Middle Passage : 

The Middle Passage ; Stages of The Middle Passage Capture & Enslavement in Africa Journey to the coast and other departure points. Storage and packaging for shipment. Transatlantic crossing. Sale & distribution in The Americas Adjustment in The Americas.

Origin of African Slaves Sold in the Triangular Trade : 

Origin of African Slaves Sold in the Triangular Trade Slaves for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade were initially sourced in Senegambia and the Windward Coast. Around 1650 the trade moved to west-central Africa (the Kingdom of the Kongo and neighboring Angola).

Trans Atlantic Crossing : 

Trans Atlantic Crossing The average length of the voyage to the Caribbean from West Africa was about 90 days. Slaves were described as being “packed like sardines.” Two types of Packing i) Loose Packing ii) Tight Packing.

Slaves in The New World : 

Slaves in The New World Sold by Auction and or Scrambling. In The Bahamas Slave Auctions were held at the present location of The Pompey Museum.

Bahamian Customs & Traditions : African Origins : 

Bahamian Customs & Traditions : African Origins Language & Colloquial Sayings Obeah Wakes & Burials Bush Medicine Asue ; not draw Folktales

Language and Colloquial Sayings / Expressions : 

Language and Colloquial Sayings / Expressions yall - plural- a group of people yinna - you (plural) ; Yoruba origin jook (v.) - to stab or poke ; Fulani origin nanny -(v.n.)- fæces or the act of defecation ; this comes from a Kongo originated word “ nene” meaning the same thing. cut eye - an expression found in many Caribbean and Atlantic creoles, meaning to glare literally squint or 'cut' your eyes Jumbay – meaning Ghost ; this comes from the Kongo word “nzumbi” which has similar meaning.

Language and Colloquial Sayings / Expressions 2 : 

Language and Colloquial Sayings / Expressions 2 Yam - to eat, a word still in use in some southern and eastern islands, related to the African word ”nyam.” earl- used for oil boungee- meaning for butt/bottom poomp- to fart lowness-make people feel guilty so they can help you jeers - talk about some one in a way they wouldn't catch on. mussie- meaning probably een - meaning not, didnt or will not

Obeah : 

Obeah "Bahamian Obeah is the phenomenon of the supernatural. It renders evil or good; makes dreams come true; influences individuals either for their demise or holding them in one's power. It can cause one to become rich or it can make one poor. It can cause an illness, either physical or mental or can cure any physical or mental problems. It can cause death! It is a type of spiritualism, surrounded by many tales of unexplained phenomena, and surrounded with superstitions that evolve into a plethora of articles (fetishes), bush medicines, signs and specific directions as to what one may do.” – Tim McCartney

Obeah : 

Obeah The most external sign of Bahamian property protection is the bottle hanging in the trees. Many years ago, this was a common sight throughout the Bahamas, but now is seen infrequently. One magnificent example can be found by the parking lot of the City Market Madeira and Rosetta Streets. The Obeah flag (black background with a red cross in the form of the Roman numeral "X") is also placed for protection. See such a flag on a field on Prince Charles Drive next to St. Augustine's entrance.“ Three types of Obeah Practiced in The Bahamas : 1) Black Magic, White Magic, & Fixing

Obeah Continued : 

Obeah Continued Fixing - This entails casting a spell, placing a set or hagging, (whether it is an individual, house. property or object). Fixing a person is the most common method of Obeah practice in the Bahamas (a) When one is fixed he can be "cleared" or "cured" by an Obeah practitioner or even a medical doctor or other type of professional. Black Magic—Using the powers of the Devil or, commonly termed, "witchcraft". An Individual can power himself without any help from external sources, except reading special books and literally "selling one's soul to the Devil"! (a) Take up the tracks or footprints of earth.(b) Get grave dirt from the cemetery.(c) Place the dirt footprints and the cemetery dirt in a cloth bag and then tie the bag.(d) Hang this mixture over a fire.(e) As the heat takes it, the earth will become dry; the more it dries, the person who has trespassed on the property will begin to feel pains in his limbs.(f) The person will eventually become a total cripple, unless he is "cleared."

Obeah Final Slide : 

Obeah Final Slide White Magic —Used in the name of Jesus, the Bible and/or verses from the Bible, forms of prayer, prayer objects (e.g. handkerchiefs, scarves, underclothing) and religious symbols. The psalms are particularly valuable. "I gon read the Psalms for you " or "God don't like ugly" are common Bahamian threats!White Magic is, evidently, more powerful than Black Magic. For example, a combination of a fix and curse, by utilizing Black Magic, can be cured by White Magic. Rules of White Magic : 1) One has to carefully examine one's conscience and, preferably, be converted to Christ (i.e. become a devout Christian).(2) One has to have tremendous control over the passions. "Go to the job and help people in peace" appears to be the dictum.(3) If one is not "clean" while practicing White Magic, one can develop problems, primarily mental problems.(4) To prepare oneself it is desirable to read the Book of Job, but particularly the 91st and 109th Psalms.(5) White Magic must be used primarily for good, but there are times when people must be taught a lesson and an evil fix can be placed on them, but never to cause death.(6) Be sure that when a man is placing an evil fix, the Bible is turned face downward from you because the fix will be turned on you.(7) When an individual is fixed by the Bible, the Black Magic man can't help you.(8) Engage in prayer and fastings to be constantly "clean"(9) Memorize, if possible, the most utilized Biblical passages, especially if suddenly called upon to cast out an evil spirit or a demon.

Wakes : 

Wakes

Burials & Wakes : 

Burials & Wakes European Burial Style African Burial Style

Asue : 

Asue Comes from Yoruba word “ESUSO” “ a club organized for the purpose of assisting members in money matters.”

Bush Medicine : Gum Limbo Tree : 

Bush Medicine : Gum Limbo Tree Used for: skin sores, measles, sunburn, insect bites, and rashes or drunk as tea to treat backaches, urinary tract infections, colds, flu, and fevers It is very important ingredient in the aphrodisiac Bush Tea called 21 Gun Salute

Bush Medicine: Hurricane Weed : 

Bush Medicine: Hurricane Weed The botanical name for this is small annual herb Phyllanthus amarus. It is also called the "stone breaker plant" because it has been used for generations to eliminate gallstones or kidney stones. In the Bahamas, this plant is used for poor appetite, constipation, typhoid fever, flu, and colds. It’s a popular herbal treatment because it has no side effects or toxicity. Phyllanthus amarus has been the focus of a great deal of research in recent years because its antiviral qualities may even be useful in treating hepatitis and the HIV virus.

Bush Medicine: Jumbie Plane or Wild Tamarind : 

Bush Medicine: Jumbie Plane or Wild Tamarind Used as a: stress reliever, gas reliever, for the heart. You boil the leaves from the plant and brew into a tea.

Bush Medicine:The Periwinkle Plant : 

Bush Medicine:The Periwinkle Plant A remedy for diabetes. Juice from the leaves is used to treat wasp stings and other insect bites. The plant can be boiled to make a poultice to stop bleeding It has been used as an astringent, diuretic and cough remedy. An extract from the flowers is used to make a solution to treat eye irritation and infections.

Other Bush Medicines : 

Other Bush Medicines 1) Paw Paw Milk used for getting rid of worms, usually given with a dash of sugar on a spoon. 2) Cancer Bush usually used by women because it heals the "insides" especially after having a baby. 3) Blue Flowers used to bring up the cold of the chest. Pepper Leaf is very good for boils. 4) Milk from Fig Trees used to slow the heartbeat and calm the nerves. 5) Sour Sop Leaf calms the nerves. 6) Crab Bush used for stomach pains. 7) Hibiscus causes diarrhea and can be used to lose weight. 8) White Sage used for itches on the skin. 9) Sailors' Flowers are used for high blood pressure. 10) Castor Oil Leaf is used for menstrual trouble. 11) Pond Bush is used for arthritis. 12) Fever Grass is used for the flu. 13) Bonavas is good for ring worms.

Folktale Stories : 

Folktale Stories Ber Booki & Ber Rabbi Ananci The Spider The Tortoise & The Hare

Credits : 

Credits Glinton, Patricia. An Evening in Guanima. Nassau: Guanima Press, 1993. McCartney, Tim. Ten Ten The Bible Ten. Nassau: TIMPAUL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1976. You, Bahamas 4. Bahamas 4 You. 2008. http://www.bahamas4u.com/bahamasfolkmedicines.html (accessed October 9, 2010). Hillary Beckles, V. S. (2004). Liberties Lost. New York: Cambridge University Press.