Lesson 1. The Alphabet and Sounds :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 1 Lesson 1. The Alphabet and Sounds (Kunjummen 2009: 1-8) 1.1-1.5 [N.B.The accent marks above the beginning alpha/eta in some of the examples are a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha/eta with a smooth breathing mark. Sorry for the inconvenience but authorstream cannot handle Bibleworks or SPIonic Greek fonts].


1.1. Introduction :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 2 1.1. Introduction Welcome to your study of NT Greek. The following lecture will take you through key parts of chapter 1 in R.D. Kunjummen’s New Testament Greek: A Whole Language Approach.


1.1.1. Koine :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 3 1.1.1. Koine NT written in Koine Greek. Used from 330 BCE – 330 CE In city of Rome in first century, Greek was used as much as Latin, it was still the lingua franca in the early empire.


1.1.2. Consonants :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 4 1.1.2. Consonants Distinguished from vowels They require obstruction of the air


1.1.2.1. Consonants: Articulation :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 5 1.1.2.1. Consonants: Articulation Labials – p, b, f, and m Alveolar – t, d, th, n, l, r, and s (dentals) Velar – k, g, kh


1.1.2.2. Consonant Clusters :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 6 1.1.2.2. Consonant Clusters Combination of consonants, e.g. ζ [dz]; ξ [ks]; ψ [ps]. s.v. 1.5.1. The above letters are fully pronounced, even when they begin a word. C.f. how we say ‘pseudo


1.1.3. Vowels and Diphthongs :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 7 1.1.3. Vowels and Diphthongs Vowels are sounded with the mouth open.


α, ε, η, ι, υ, ω :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 8 α, ε, η, ι, υ, ω English a, e, i, o, u Greek Vowels


1.1.3.1. Long v. Short vowels :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 9 1.1.3.1. Long v. Short vowels The main distinction is between how long (i.e. duration) the vowel is pronounced. Don’t confuse this with how it occurs in English phonetics. See further section 1.3. page 6.


1.1.3.2. Diphthongs :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 10 1.1.3.2. Diphthongs Diphthongs are combination vowels that are part of the same syllable, whose articulation involves gliding from a vowel of one quality to another.


1.1.4. Digraphs :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 11 1.1.4. Digraphs Two letters, when combined form a single pure sound. ‘Th’ in the word ‘then’. ou is a digraph, see page 6.


1.2. Greek Alphabet :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 12 1.2. Greek Alphabet Often each letter (or diphthong) has the same sound in all words. So, learn the sounds and pronunciation will be straightforward.


1.2.1.1. Majuscule and Uncial :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 13 1.2.1.1. Majuscule and Uncial [Nomina Sacra for God – Theta Sigma with a line over it]


1.2.1.2. Miniscule :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 14 1.2.1.2. Miniscule


1.2.2. Note on Pronunciation :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 15 1.2.2. Note on Pronunciation


1.2.3. Letters with Familiar Forms and Sounds :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 16 1.2.3. Letters with Familiar Forms and Sounds


A α :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 17 A α Name: Alfa Sound: “father”


Β β :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 18 Β β Name: Beta Sound: “Begin”


Δ δ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 19 Δ δ Name: Delta Sound: “Disciple”


Ε ε :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 20 Ε ε Name: Epsilon Sound: “elf”


Ζ ζ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 21 Ζ ζ Name: Zeta Sound: “Zoo or suds”


Ι ι :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 22 Ι ι Name: Iota Sound: “fill or feel (never file)”


Κ κ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 23 Κ κ Name: Kappa Sound: “King”


Μ μ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 24 Μ μ Name: Mu Sound: “Man”


Ν ν :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 25 Ν ν Name: Nu Sound: “Name”


Ο ο :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 26 Ο ο Name: Omicron Sound: “Obey”


Τ τ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 27 Τ τ Name: Tau Sound: “Teach”


Υ υ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 28 Υ υ Name: Upsilon Sound: “use (never us)”


1.2.3.1. Writing Practice :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 29 1.2.3.1. Writing Practice Make sure you pronounce the word out loud as you practice your writing. α β δ ε ι κ ο τ υ


Reading Practice 1-A (1.2.3.2.) :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 30 Reading Practice 1-A (1.2.3.2.) (Kunjummen 2009: 3)


Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 31 Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. αββα Άβιά κατά δέκα


Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 32 Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds δότε δίδοτε διότι δίκτυα


Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 33 Familiar shapes - Familiar sounds The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. δύο έδυ τό τότε


Slide 34:New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 34


1.2.4. Letters with Unfamiliar Shapes :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 35 1.2.4. Letters with Unfamiliar Shapes


Γ γ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 36 Γ γ Name: Gamma Sound: “gum” Gum (never gem)


Δ δ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 37 Δ δ Name: Delta Sound: “Disciple”


Ζ ζ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 38 Ζ ζ Name: Zeta Sound: “Zoo or suds”


Η η :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 39 Η η Name: Eta Sound: “whey”


Θ θ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 40 Θ θ Name: Theta Sound: “Thin”


Λ λ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 41 Λ λ Name: Lamda Sound: “Land”


Μ μ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 42 Μ μ Name: Mu Sound: “Man”


Ξ ξ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 43 Ξ ξ Name: Xi Sound: “ox”


Π π :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 44 Π π Name: Pi Sound: “Pray”


Σ σ ς :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 45 Σ σ ς Name: Sigma Sound: “Sit” Normally appears as s, but turns to j at the end of a word


Φ φ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 46 Φ φ Name: Phi Sound: “Phone”


Ψ ψ :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 47 Ψ ψ Name: Psi Sound: “Lips”


Ω ω :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 48 Ω ω Name: Omega Sound: “foe, note, boat” oe, oa


1.2.4.1. Writing Practice :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 49 1.2.4.1. Writing Practice Don’t forget to say the name of the word outloud as you practice writing it. Γγ Δδ ζ Θθ η Λλ μ Ξξ Ππ Σσς Φφ Ψψ Ω


Reading Practice 1-B (1.2.4.2.) :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 50 Reading Practice 1-B (1.2.4.2.) (Kunjummen 2009: 4)


Unfamiliar shapesThe accent mark above the beginning alphas is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know they should be breathing marks . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 51 Unfamiliar shapesThe accent mark above the beginning alphas is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know they should be breathing marks . άγαθά άγαθός άγαθης


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know they should be breathing marks, is the point . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 52 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know they should be breathing marks, is the point . γλυκύ άφιλάγαθος φιλόλογος


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 53 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . φλογί φλογός έφάπαξ


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 54 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. έφύλαξα γάζης δοξάζητε


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha/eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha/eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 55 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha/eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha/eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . έζησα άποκάλυψις έπέμφθη


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 56 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . βλέψετε έδίψησα έμβάψας


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 57 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . έμβλέψασα έμβλέψατε έξέψυξα


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 58 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning alpha is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an alpha with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . άληθη άθέτησις άπεδοκιμάσθη


Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . :New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 59 Unfamiliar shapes The accent mark above the beginning eta is a function of unicode TimesNewRoman which does not have an eta with a smooth breathing mark. Furthermore, authorstream cannot handle Greek fonts thus this is the only current solution. I know there should be a breathing mark there . βλαφημηθησόμεθα βλα φη μη θη σό με θα μαθητής έπιμελήθητι


Slide 60:New Testament Greek: Lesson 1 60