Effective probing system - Biosensors

EFFECTIVE PROBING SYSTEM – BIOSENSORS : 

1/19/2010 Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 1 EFFECTIVE PROBING SYSTEM – BIOSENSORS Banumathy. S*, Dhanakodeeswari. K* and Rani. A.P.A# - II PG Students # - Asst. Professor of Zoology Lady Doak College, Madurai - 2

Biosensors : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 2 1/19/2010 Biosensors Analytical devices incorporating a biological material (e.g. tissue, microorganisms, organelles, cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids etc.), a biological derived material or biomimic intimately associated with or within a physiochemical transducer or transducing microsystem, which may be optical, electrochemical, thermometric, piezoelectric or magnetic. Biosensors usually yield a digital electronic signal which is proportional to the concentration of a specific analyte or group of analytes’

Parts of a biosensor : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 3 1/19/2010 Parts of a biosensor (i) biorecognition elements, which recognize the substance of interest, (ii) a transducer, which converts the biorecognition event into a measurable signal and (iii) a signal processing system, which converts the signal into a workable form.

Types of Biosensors : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 4 1/19/2010 Types of Biosensors Calorimetric Biosensors Potentiometric Biosensors Amperometric Biosensors Optical Biosensors Immunosensors

Classification of Biosensors : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 5 1/19/2010 Classification of Biosensors

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Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 6 1/19/2010

Nanoprobe fabrication steps : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 7 1/19/2010 Nanoprobe fabrication steps

Genetic Biosensors : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 8 1/19/2010 Genetic Biosensors Genetic biosensors, or oligonucleotides, are small segments of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). When these oligonucleotides attach to their target (proteins and genes), they release a signal that can be measured. Used to detect certain genes or parts of genes associated with disease, such as viral infections and cancer

“Medical telesensor" : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 9 1/19/2010 “Medical telesensor" Chip on a fingertip measures and transmits body temperature

Microcantilevers : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 10 1/19/2010 Microcantilevers Adapted to detect physical, chemical, or biological activity

Laser fluorescence diagnosis : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 11 1/19/2010 Laser fluorescence diagnosis Biosensor uses sophisticated technology to detect a specific trait or abnormality in a living organism Sensor indicates whether a tumor is cancerous or benign

Bioreporters : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 12 1/19/2010 Bioreporters Simpson and Gary Sayler developed “Critters on a chip" in which bioluminescent bacteria signal the presence of pollutants.

Miniaturized Devices : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 13 1/19/2010 Miniaturized Devices The infrared microspectrometer can be used for blood chemistry analysis, gasoline octane analysis, environmental monitoring, industrial process control, aircraft corrosion monitoring, and detection of chemical warfare agents

Biosensors and DNA Analysis : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 14 1/19/2010 Biosensors and DNA Analysis Immobilized oligonucleotide arrays have been developed to analyze DNA sequences. The DNA sequence is amplified, labeled, and allowed to hybridize to the array of immobilized oligonucleotides. The DNA sequence is deciphered by overlapping the hybridizing probes of similar sequence. The technique has applications in medicine, forensics, agriculture, and environmental bioremediation.

SERG Probes : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 15 1/19/2010 SERG Probes surface-enhanced Raman gene (SERG) probes can locate free DNA molecules that have hybridized to other DNAs fixed on a surface. Used in medicine, forensics, agriculture, and environmental bioremediation.

SERG : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 16 1/19/2010 SERG surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) developed by Oak Ridge Hybridized DNA is transferred from the nylon membrane to a glass strip coated with tiny silver spheres. The dye labels attached to the DNA bases have unique Raman infrared spectra, normally weak Raman lines are greatly enhanced by the presence of the silver spheres.

surface-enhanced Raman gene (SERG) probes : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 17 1/19/2010 surface-enhanced Raman gene (SERG) probes

DNA processing and analysis chip : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 18 1/19/2010 DNA processing and analysis chip DEVELOPED BY MIKE RAMSEY AND BOB FOOTE

Membrane Strip Immuno sensor : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 19 1/19/2010 Membrane Strip Immuno sensor Schematic diagram of the biosensor

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Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 20 1/19/2010

A Biosensor for Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 21 1/19/2010 A Biosensor for Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be used for real-time protein binding measurements with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Attachment of one of the interacting partners to an SPR gold sensor surface allows for consistent and repeatable binding experiments

PEBBLE sensor for K+, Na+ and Cl− : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 22 1/19/2010 PEBBLE sensor for K+, Na+ and Cl−

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Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 23 1/19/2010

Biosensors: Past, Present and Future : 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 24 1/19/2010 Biosensors: Past, Present and Future Medical applications include the detection of cancer and disease biomarkers, the use of optical techniques for early diagnosis and monitoring of disease and electronic noses for the detection of volatiles in breath consistent with particular diseases. Environmental applications include sensors for the determination of pathogens, heavy metals, bio-toxins and organophosphate pesticides, and includes sensors which can operate in extreme environments. Food applications focus our research on detecting specific substances in the food we eat

Slide 25: 

Frontiers in Nanotechnology, Sep. 17th & 18th, LDC 25 1/19/2010 Thank You