Cell Structure & Function :Cell Structure & Function http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html


Cell Theory :Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.


Definition of Cell :Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.


Examples of Cells :Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria


Two Types of Cells :Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic


Prokaryotic :Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html


Eukaryotic :Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html


“Typical” Animal Cell :“Typical” Animal Cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif


“Typical” Plant Cell :http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell


Cell Parts :Cell Parts Organelles


Surrounding the Cell :Surrounding the Cell


Cell Membrane :Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Cell Wall :Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Inside the Cell :Inside the Cell


Nucleus :Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA


Nuclear Membrane :Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Chromosomes :Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Nucleolus :Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Cytoplasm :Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material


Endoplasmic Reticulum :Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Ribosomes :Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Mitochondria :Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Golgi Bodies :Golgi Bodies Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Lysosome :Lysosome Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Vacuoles :Vacuoles Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html


Chloroplast :Chloroplast Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html