logging in or signing up HYPOXIA randhawakiran23 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 747 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: July 26, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript HYPOXIA & ISCHEMIA: HYPOXIA & ISCHEMIA PRESENTED BY : KIRAN RANDHAWAINTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION HYPOXIA LITERALLY MEANS “ DEFICIENT IN OXYGEN ” . IT CAN REFER TO,A SHORTAGE OF OXYGEN DUE TO SOME OF THE CONDITIONS LIKE HIGH ALTITUDE.DEFINITION: DEFINITION HYPOXIA IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY AS A WHOLE OR REGION OF BODY IS DEPRIVED OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY .CAUSES: CAUSES HIGH ALTITUDE . DECREASED OXYGEN SUPPLY TO AN AREA . DECREASED HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL LOWER OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY . POOR TISSUE PERFUSION . IMPAIRED VENTILLATION . DECREASED DIFFUSION OF OXYGENCLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SHORTNESS OF BREATH RESTLESSNES HEADACHE DECREASED CONCENTRATION NAUSEA FATIGUE APPREHENSION . ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUNESS COMA DEATHTYPES: TYPES HYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA CIRCULATORY HYPOXIA ANEMIC HYPOXIA HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIAHYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA: HYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA CAUSE: AS A RESULT OF LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN IN ARTERIAL BLOOD . AS IN HIGH ALTITUDE ADDITION OF NOXIOUS GASES AS NITROUS OXIDE ,CARBON MONOXIDE . SLEEP APNEA . INADEQUATE PULMONARY VENTILLATION. CAUSE DECREASE IN OXYGEN CON CENTRATION OF BLOOD LEADS TO HYPOXIACIRCULATORY HYPOXIA: CIRCULATORY HYPOXIA CAUSES : AS A RESULT FROM IN ADEQUATE CAPILLARY CIRCULATION. VASCULAR OBSTRUCTION . SHOCK DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE AREA OXYGEN CONCENTRATION OF THAT PART DECREASED . LEADS TO HYPOXIAANEMIC HYPOXIA: ANEMIC HYPOXIA CAUSES : DECREASED EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION OF HAEMOGLOBIN IN BLOOD ANAEMIA BLEEDING LEUKEMIA DECREASED DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN BLOOD . CAUSE HYPOXIAHISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA: HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA CAUSE : TOXIC SUBSTANCE IN THE OXYGEN CONC. TISSUE . ACIDOSIS THE QUANTITY OF OXYGEN REACHING TO THE CELL IS NORMAL. ORGANS ARE NOT ABLE TO UTILISE THE OXYGEN HYPOXIAMEDICAL MANAGEMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT CONTROL OF PRIMARY DISEASES MAINTENANCE OF PATENT AIRWAY OXYGEN THERAPY TREATMENT OF ACIDOSISNURSING RESPONSIBILITY: NURSING RESPONSIBILITY MONITOR FOR & PREVENT RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION . CHECK RESPIRATORY RATE . CHECK BLOOD PRESSURE READING CHECK FOR CYANOSIS USE INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY. OBTAIN PULSE OXIMETRY READINGCONTINUED …: CONTINUED … ADMINISTER BLOOD IF HYPOXIA DUE TO ANEMIA . ENCOURAGE COUGHING & DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE . MAINTAIN ADEQUATE HYDRATION . RAISE SIDE RAILS IF DROWSINESS OCCUR.Slide 14: ISCHEMIA ISCHEMIA: ISCHEMIA IT IS A CONDITION WHICH OCCURS DUE TO A DEFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY TO ANY PART OF THE BODY LEADS TO CERTAIN IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES IN THE BODY .DEFINITION: DEFINITION IT IS DEFINED AS A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS INADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY TO MEET THE METABOLIC DEMANDS OF A TISSUE.CAUSES: CAUSES OBSTRUCTION OF ARTERY . HYPOTHERMIA . THROMBOSIS . DECREASED BLOOD VOLUME . BED SORES . SURGICAL PROCEDURE . VASOCONSTRITION. OUT SIDE PRESSURE .PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HYPOTHERMIA ,INCREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY,DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT INCREASED METABOLIC DEMAND OF BODY BLOOD VESSELS FAILS TO DILATE . DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE PART. DECREASED OXYGEN CONC. OF THE AREA . HYPOXIACLINICAL MANIFESTATION: CLINICAL MANIFESTATION NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS : - RESTLESS - AGITATED - APPREHENSIVE - CHANGE IN LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS - INCREASED LETHARGY - CHANGE IN MENTAL STATUSCONTINUED …: CONTINUED … RESPIRATORY EFFECTS : - RAPID & SHALLOW RESPIRATION - ABNORMAL LUNG SOUNDS - DECREASED ARTERIAL OXYGEN LEVEL. - PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION - ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE . - CRACLESCONTINUED ..: CONTINUED .. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS : - RAPID HEART RATE {> 150 BPM} - CHEST PAIN - INCRESED CARDIAC ENZYME . - VENTRICULAR DILATION . - ABNORMAL HEART SOUNDS - S-T SEGMENT & T-WAVE CHANGES . - DYSRHYTHMIAS .CONTD …: CONTD … RENAL EFFECTS: INCREASED BUN INCREASED SERUM CREATININE LEVEL FLUID & ELECTROLYTE SHIFT ACID BASE IMBALANCE DECREASED URINARY OUTPUT - MAY LEAD TO ARFCONTD …: CONTD … G I EFFECTS : STRESS ULCERS G I BLEED DIARRHEA TRANSLOCATION OF BACTERIA IMPAIRED ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS ISCHEMIC GUTCONTD.: CONTD. HEPATIC EFFECTS : - DECREASED METABOLISM OF MEDICATION & METABOLIC WASTE PRODUCTS - INCREASED LIVER ENZYMES SKIN : - PALE , COOL & CLAMMY - CYANOTICCONTD …: CONTD … HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS : - BRUISES - PETECHIAE - INCREASED COAGULATION TIMEDIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION THOROUGH HISTORY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 12 LEAD E C G X RAY HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING CONTINUOUS PULSE OXIMETRYMEDICAL MANAGEMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT THROMBOLYTICS IN CASE OF EMBOLI NITROGLYCERINE ANTI PLATELETS & ANTICOAGULANTS ANTI BIOTICSNURSING MANAGEMENT: NURSING MANAGEMENT ASSESS FOR SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ISCHEMIA ASSESS FOR PAIN CHECK THE VITALS OF THE PATIENT MONITOR ABG ANALYSIS ADMINISTER MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED BY THE PHYSICIAN ADMINISTER FLUID IF ISCHEMIA IS DUE TO HYPOVOLEMIA MAINTAIN INTAKE OUTPUT CHART SUPPLY REQUIRED AMOUNT OF OXYGENCONTD …: CONTD … MONITOR FOR SIGNS OF COMPLICATION CONTROL ANY EXTERNAL BLEEDING PROVIDE BLANKET TO THE PATIENT IF FEELING COLD PREVENT FROM INJURY MONITOR THE SKIN COLOR ,TEMP ,PERIPHEL PULSE CAPILLARY REFILL TIME KEEP THE PATIENT WARM & DRY MAINTAIN THE PERSONAL HYGIENE OF PATIENT GIVE REASSURANCE TO THE FAMILY &PATIENTSUMMARIZATION: SUMMARIZATION INTRODUCTION OF HYPOXIA DEFINITION ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS TYPES CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HYPOXIA NURSING MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION OF ISCHEMIA DEFINITION ETIOLOGICAL CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EFFECTS ON VARIOUS BODY PARTSCONTD ….: CONTD …. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION MEDICAL MANAGEMENT NURSING MANAGE MENTBIBLIOGRAPHY: BIBLIOGRAPHY LEWIS et.al, 2003 , “MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING” ,6 TH ED., MOSBY UNITED STATES SUDDARTH’S & BRUNNER ,2004 , “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING” ,10 TH ED. LIPPINCOT WIILLIAMS &WIILLKINS DRAZEN et. al, 2000 , “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICINE ” 21 ST ED.’VOL 1 ST, HARCOURT ASIA PVT. LTD. BARBARA et al , “FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING” 7 TH ED., DORLING KINDSLEY PVT. LTD.Slide 33: THANKS You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
HYPOXIA randhawakiran23 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 747 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: July 26, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript HYPOXIA & ISCHEMIA: HYPOXIA & ISCHEMIA PRESENTED BY : KIRAN RANDHAWAINTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION HYPOXIA LITERALLY MEANS “ DEFICIENT IN OXYGEN ” . IT CAN REFER TO,A SHORTAGE OF OXYGEN DUE TO SOME OF THE CONDITIONS LIKE HIGH ALTITUDE.DEFINITION: DEFINITION HYPOXIA IS A PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY AS A WHOLE OR REGION OF BODY IS DEPRIVED OF ADEQUATE OXYGEN SUPPLY .CAUSES: CAUSES HIGH ALTITUDE . DECREASED OXYGEN SUPPLY TO AN AREA . DECREASED HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL LOWER OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY . POOR TISSUE PERFUSION . IMPAIRED VENTILLATION . DECREASED DIFFUSION OF OXYGENCLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS SHORTNESS OF BREATH RESTLESSNES HEADACHE DECREASED CONCENTRATION NAUSEA FATIGUE APPREHENSION . ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUNESS COMA DEATHTYPES: TYPES HYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA CIRCULATORY HYPOXIA ANEMIC HYPOXIA HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIAHYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA: HYPOXEMIC HYPOXIA CAUSE: AS A RESULT OF LOW PARTIAL PRESSURE OF OXYGEN IN ARTERIAL BLOOD . AS IN HIGH ALTITUDE ADDITION OF NOXIOUS GASES AS NITROUS OXIDE ,CARBON MONOXIDE . SLEEP APNEA . INADEQUATE PULMONARY VENTILLATION. CAUSE DECREASE IN OXYGEN CON CENTRATION OF BLOOD LEADS TO HYPOXIACIRCULATORY HYPOXIA: CIRCULATORY HYPOXIA CAUSES : AS A RESULT FROM IN ADEQUATE CAPILLARY CIRCULATION. VASCULAR OBSTRUCTION . SHOCK DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE AREA OXYGEN CONCENTRATION OF THAT PART DECREASED . LEADS TO HYPOXIAANEMIC HYPOXIA: ANEMIC HYPOXIA CAUSES : DECREASED EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION OF HAEMOGLOBIN IN BLOOD ANAEMIA BLEEDING LEUKEMIA DECREASED DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN BLOOD . CAUSE HYPOXIAHISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA: HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA CAUSE : TOXIC SUBSTANCE IN THE OXYGEN CONC. TISSUE . ACIDOSIS THE QUANTITY OF OXYGEN REACHING TO THE CELL IS NORMAL. ORGANS ARE NOT ABLE TO UTILISE THE OXYGEN HYPOXIAMEDICAL MANAGEMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT CONTROL OF PRIMARY DISEASES MAINTENANCE OF PATENT AIRWAY OXYGEN THERAPY TREATMENT OF ACIDOSISNURSING RESPONSIBILITY: NURSING RESPONSIBILITY MONITOR FOR & PREVENT RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION . CHECK RESPIRATORY RATE . CHECK BLOOD PRESSURE READING CHECK FOR CYANOSIS USE INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY. OBTAIN PULSE OXIMETRY READINGCONTINUED …: CONTINUED … ADMINISTER BLOOD IF HYPOXIA DUE TO ANEMIA . ENCOURAGE COUGHING & DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE . MAINTAIN ADEQUATE HYDRATION . RAISE SIDE RAILS IF DROWSINESS OCCUR.Slide 14: ISCHEMIA ISCHEMIA: ISCHEMIA IT IS A CONDITION WHICH OCCURS DUE TO A DEFICIENT BLOOD SUPPLY TO ANY PART OF THE BODY LEADS TO CERTAIN IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES IN THE BODY .DEFINITION: DEFINITION IT IS DEFINED AS A CONDITION IN WHICH THERE IS INADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY TO MEET THE METABOLIC DEMANDS OF A TISSUE.CAUSES: CAUSES OBSTRUCTION OF ARTERY . HYPOTHERMIA . THROMBOSIS . DECREASED BLOOD VOLUME . BED SORES . SURGICAL PROCEDURE . VASOCONSTRITION. OUT SIDE PRESSURE .PATHOPHYSIOLOGY : PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HYPOTHERMIA ,INCREASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY,DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT INCREASED METABOLIC DEMAND OF BODY BLOOD VESSELS FAILS TO DILATE . DECREASED BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE PART. DECREASED OXYGEN CONC. OF THE AREA . HYPOXIACLINICAL MANIFESTATION: CLINICAL MANIFESTATION NEUROLOGIC EFFECTS : - RESTLESS - AGITATED - APPREHENSIVE - CHANGE IN LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS - INCREASED LETHARGY - CHANGE IN MENTAL STATUSCONTINUED …: CONTINUED … RESPIRATORY EFFECTS : - RAPID & SHALLOW RESPIRATION - ABNORMAL LUNG SOUNDS - DECREASED ARTERIAL OXYGEN LEVEL. - PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION - ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE . - CRACLESCONTINUED ..: CONTINUED .. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS : - RAPID HEART RATE {> 150 BPM} - CHEST PAIN - INCRESED CARDIAC ENZYME . - VENTRICULAR DILATION . - ABNORMAL HEART SOUNDS - S-T SEGMENT & T-WAVE CHANGES . - DYSRHYTHMIAS .CONTD …: CONTD … RENAL EFFECTS: INCREASED BUN INCREASED SERUM CREATININE LEVEL FLUID & ELECTROLYTE SHIFT ACID BASE IMBALANCE DECREASED URINARY OUTPUT - MAY LEAD TO ARFCONTD …: CONTD … G I EFFECTS : STRESS ULCERS G I BLEED DIARRHEA TRANSLOCATION OF BACTERIA IMPAIRED ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS ISCHEMIC GUTCONTD.: CONTD. HEPATIC EFFECTS : - DECREASED METABOLISM OF MEDICATION & METABOLIC WASTE PRODUCTS - INCREASED LIVER ENZYMES SKIN : - PALE , COOL & CLAMMY - CYANOTICCONTD …: CONTD … HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS : - BRUISES - PETECHIAE - INCREASED COAGULATION TIMEDIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION THOROUGH HISTORY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 12 LEAD E C G X RAY HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING CONTINUOUS PULSE OXIMETRYMEDICAL MANAGEMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT THROMBOLYTICS IN CASE OF EMBOLI NITROGLYCERINE ANTI PLATELETS & ANTICOAGULANTS ANTI BIOTICSNURSING MANAGEMENT: NURSING MANAGEMENT ASSESS FOR SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF ISCHEMIA ASSESS FOR PAIN CHECK THE VITALS OF THE PATIENT MONITOR ABG ANALYSIS ADMINISTER MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED BY THE PHYSICIAN ADMINISTER FLUID IF ISCHEMIA IS DUE TO HYPOVOLEMIA MAINTAIN INTAKE OUTPUT CHART SUPPLY REQUIRED AMOUNT OF OXYGENCONTD …: CONTD … MONITOR FOR SIGNS OF COMPLICATION CONTROL ANY EXTERNAL BLEEDING PROVIDE BLANKET TO THE PATIENT IF FEELING COLD PREVENT FROM INJURY MONITOR THE SKIN COLOR ,TEMP ,PERIPHEL PULSE CAPILLARY REFILL TIME KEEP THE PATIENT WARM & DRY MAINTAIN THE PERSONAL HYGIENE OF PATIENT GIVE REASSURANCE TO THE FAMILY &PATIENTSUMMARIZATION: SUMMARIZATION INTRODUCTION OF HYPOXIA DEFINITION ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS TYPES CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HYPOXIA NURSING MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION OF ISCHEMIA DEFINITION ETIOLOGICAL CAUSES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EFFECTS ON VARIOUS BODY PARTSCONTD ….: CONTD …. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION MEDICAL MANAGEMENT NURSING MANAGE MENTBIBLIOGRAPHY: BIBLIOGRAPHY LEWIS et.al, 2003 , “MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING” ,6 TH ED., MOSBY UNITED STATES SUDDARTH’S & BRUNNER ,2004 , “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING” ,10 TH ED. LIPPINCOT WIILLIAMS &WIILLKINS DRAZEN et. al, 2000 , “TEXT BOOK OF MEDICINE ” 21 ST ED.’VOL 1 ST, HARCOURT ASIA PVT. LTD. BARBARA et al , “FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING” 7 TH ED., DORLING KINDSLEY PVT. LTD.Slide 33: THANKS