housing sociology

HOUSING : 

HOUSING PRESENTED BY:-KIRANDEEP RANDHAWA

INTRODUCTION : 

INTRODUCTION Housing” in the modern concept includes not only the “physical structure” providing shelter but “ also the immediate surroundings and the related community services and the facilities.In Indian context, residence is constructed for the family life where the person gets physical and mental peace.

DEFINITION : 

DEFINITION Housing is defined as “all places in which a group of people reside and pursue their life goals, the size of the settlement may vary from a single family to millions of people. OR

DEFINITION CONTD…… : 

DEFINITION CONTD…… According to WHO expert group(1961) on public health aspects of housing prefers to use term “residential environmental” which is defined as the physical structure that men uses & the environs of the structure including all necessary services, facilities, devices and equipment needed or desired for the physical and mental health & social well-being of the family & individual.

SOCIAL GOALS OF HOUSING : 

SOCIAL GOALS OF HOUSING SHELTER FAMILY LIFE ACCESS TO COMMUNITY FACILITIES

SOCIAL GOALS CONTD….. : 

SOCIAL GOALS CONTD….. D. FAMILY PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY LIFE E. ECONOMIC STABILITY

CRITERIA FOR HEALTHFUL HOUSING : 

CRITERIA FOR HEALTHFUL HOUSING PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS: Rooms according to number of people. Free from objectionable odour & noise. Adequate light & water supply.

CONTD…. : 

CONTD…. Good drainage for water. Proper place for collection of refuse & its disposal. Bathroom & sanitary latrine.

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. Damp proof rooms. Pucca floor. Protected from rain, sun, wild animals, rodents, & snakes.

CONTD…… : 

CONTD…… B. PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS: privacy family & community cleanliness aesthetic satisfaction

HOUSING STANDARDS : 

HOUSING STANDARDS Housing standards in India are recommended by EHC (1947):- 1. SITE: - elevated from its surroundings. - independent access to street. - away from breeding places of mosquitoes

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. 2. SET BACK: - For proper lightning & ventilation. - open area may be up to 1/3rd of total area. 3. FLOOR: - Impermeable - smooth & free from cracks & crevices.

CONTD…… : 

CONTD…… - Damp proof. - plinth height should be 2 to 3 ft. 4. WALLS: - reasonably strong - low heat capacity - weather resistant

CONTD……. : 

CONTD……. - Unsuitable for harbourage of rats & vermin. - 9 inch plastered of brick wall. - cream or white colour. 5. ROOF: - height of the roof should be about 10 ft. - low heat transmittance coefficient.

CONTD…… : 

CONTD…… 6. ROOMS: - 1 room = 2 persons - 2 rooms = 3 persons - 3 rooms = 5 persons - 4 rooms = 7 persons - 5 or more rooms = 10 persons

CONTD…. : 

CONTD…. 7. FLOOR AREA: - 110 sq. ft. = 2 persons - 90 to 100 sq. ft. = 11/2 persons - 70 to 90 sq. ft. = 1 persons - 50 to 70 sq. ft. = ½ persons - under 50 sq. ft. = nil

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. 8.CUBIC SPACE: - for replacement of air. - air space of atleast 500 to 1000 cft / capita. 9. WINDOWS: - at height of about 3 ft. - window area should be 1/5th of the floor area.

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. 10. LIGHTING: 11. KITCHEN: - adequate light & water supply. - sink for washing utensils. - proper drainage. - impervious floor

CONTD…… : 

CONTD…… 12. PRIVY 13. GARBAGE & REFUSE 14. BATHING & WASHING 15. WATER SUPPLY

STANDARDS FOR RURAL HOUSING : 

STANDARDS FOR RURAL HOUSING Atleast 2 living room. ample verandah space. built up area is about 1/3 of total area. separate kitchen with sink or platform. sanitary latrine. sanitary well or tube well within a quarter of a mile from the house.

CONTD…… : 

CONTD…… cattle sheds should be atleast 25 ft.away from house. open from all sides sufficient area for each head of cattle i.e 8ft. * 4ft. adequate arrangement for disposal of waste water, refuse & garbage.

OVERCROWDING : 

OVERCROWDING Overcrowding refers to the situation in which more people are living within a single dwelling than there is space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy secluded, rest & sleep difficult.

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. The accepted standards with respect to overcrowding are as follows:- Persons per room Floor space

INDICATORS OF HOUSING : 

INDICATORS OF HOUSING PHYSICAL INDICATORS ECONOMIC INDICATORS SOCIAL INDICATORS

SOCIAL INDICATORS : 

SOCIAL INDICATORS Indicators R/T prevention of illness. Indicators R/T comfort. Indicators R/T mental health & social well being.

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSING : 

SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSING HOUSE OWNER & RENT SYSTEM - morality rate of home owners = 16% - who rent their home = 15% ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES RAPID INDUSTRILISATION

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. BUSTEES AND SLUM AREAS LODGING HOUSE

PUBLIC POLICY FOR HOUSING : 

PUBLIC POLICY FOR HOUSING The approach to public policy on housing in India is indicated in the FIVE YEAR PLANS. In 1952, a separate Ministry of Works and Housing was created at the Centre. The Government Housing Programmes consists of two categories -

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. 1. Public sector housing 2. Social housing schemes

ORGANIZATIONS : 

ORGANIZATIONS THE NATIONAL BUILDINGS ORGANIZATION (NBO). THE NATIONAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION Ltd. HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (HUDCO) THE HINDUSTAN HOUSING FACTORY.

NATIONAL BUILDINGS ORGANIZATION : 

NATIONAL BUILDINGS ORGANIZATION According to NBO, the housing stock: 1961 - 14.1 million 1971 - 18.5 million 1981 - 28.0 million 1991 - 42.6 million 2001 - 177.5 million

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. In rural areas, the housing stock: 1961 - 65.2 million 1971 - 74.5 million 1981 - 88.7 million 1991 - 106.2 million

CONTD…. : 

CONTD…. 1990 - 48.8 millions (slums)

STATE SECTOR : 

STATE SECTOR The State Sector includes certain schemes which formed the core of the rural housing programme. The scheme has two components : - House site - Construction assistance

CENTRAL SECTOR : 

CENTRAL SECTOR Indira Awas Yojana (IAY): - In 1985-86 - As part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme.

SUMMARIZATION : 

SUMMARIZATION HOUSING: Introduction Definition Social Goals of Housing Criteria for Healthful Housing Housing Standards Overcrowding.

CONTD….. : 

CONTD….. Indicators of Housing Social Factors Public Policy

BIBLIOGRAPHY : 

BIBLIOGRAPHY Park . K,’’Preventive & Social Medicine” Ed- 18th, Published By:M/s Banarsidas Bhanot,Pg no. 557- 562. Swarnkar . K,” Community Health Nursing”.Ed-2ND, Published by N.R brothers, Pp- 163-165.

CONTD : 

CONTD Khan M.A,” Sociology For Nurses”.Published by R.Krishan, Pp- 187. Prabhakar G.N,”Textbook of Community health for Nurses” Ed-1st ,Pp –155-157.

Slide 40: 

THANKS