community health nursing process

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COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS:

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS PRESENTED BY: KIRANDEEP RANDHAWA

INTRODUCTION:

INTRODUCTION Nursing process is orderly,systematic manner of determining the patient’s problem ,making plan to solve them,initiating the plan and evaluating the extent to which the plan was effective in resolving the problems identified .

DEFINITION:

DEFINITION Nursing process has traditionally been defined as a systematic method for assessing health status ,diagnosing health care needs ,formulating plan of care,initiating plan & evaluating the effectiveness of the plan.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A NURSING PROCESS:

CHARACTERISTICS OF A NURSING PROCESS PURPOSE ORGANIZATION PROPERTIES

PURPOSES:

PURPOSES To maintain optimal wellness To provide quality care To provide quality of life To achieve purposes of nursing

ORGANIZATION :

ORGANIZATION Assessment Diagnose Planning Implementation Evaluation

PROPERTIES:

PROPERTIES Purposeful Systematic Dynamic Interactive Flexible Theoretically based

Slide 8:

COMPONENTS OF NURSING PROCESS

ASSESSMENT:

ASSESSMENT It is continuous, systematic critical, orderly& precise method of collecting,validating,analysing and interpreting information about physical, psychological &social needs of an individual nature of self care deficit and other factors influencing .

DETAILS OF INFORMATION :

DETAILS OF INFORMATION Geographical Demographical Environmental Knowledge,attitude &Practice Of Health. Health Problem &Influencing Factors.

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION:

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Name of locality or area Physical structure Important landmarks Seasonal variation &month Map of the area

DEMOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION:

DEMOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Total population Total families Vital health events Specific vulnerable groups

ENVIRONMENTAL:

ENVIRONMENTAL Physical environment Social environment Environmental communication Environmental resources

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT :

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT House Water supply Sanitation

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Social organization Community organization Voluntary welfare organization Trade unions Statutory bodies Leadership structure Formal Informal

ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION:

ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION Official &non official channels Common meeting places Events of communication Media of communication

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES:

ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Economic resources Institutional resources Human resources Natural resources

KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE & PRACTICE OF HEALTH:

KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDE & PRACTICE OF HEALTH KAP of health & disease existed in the community Superstitions about health & disease Existing food &health practices

HEALTH PROBLEMS & INFLUENCING FACTORS:

HEALTH PROBLEMS & INFLUENCING FACTORS Health problems &felt needs of the community Factors that can help or hinder health actions in community.

NURSING DIAGNOSIS:

NURSING DIAGNOSIS It is a statement of a potential or actual altered status of a patient which is derived from nursing assessment and which requires intervention from the domain of nursing practices.

CHARACTERISTICS:

CHARACTERISTICS A nursing diagnosis: Is a statement of patient’s problem. Refers to health state or a problem . Is based on subjective data and objective data that can be confirmed. Refers to the physical, psychological,sociocultural & spiritual condition

CONTD….:

CONTD…. 5. Refers to the condition that can be treated independently by a nurse. 6. Should be validated with the patient whenever possible.

COMPONENTS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS:

COMPONENTS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS Patients Problem Related Factors

PATIENTS PROBLEM :

PATIENTS PROBLEM It is a condition faced by the patients that professional nurse can describe it, alleviate it by virtue of their education & experience, are capable & licensed to treat it.

RELATED FACTORS:

RELATED FACTORS It reflects the environmental, psychological, sociocultural, physiological or spiritual elements believed to be contributing to health problem. Related factors identifies specific nursing intervention that will prevent correct or alleviate the problem.

CONTD…..:

CONTD ….. Eg. Altered nutrition related to body requirement is related to Loss of appetite. Feeling of loneliness. difficulty in swallowing.

COMMUNITY HEALTH DIAGNOSIS:

COMMUNITY HEALTH DIAGNOSIS It may be defined as “determining the pattern of health problems in a community , including factors which influences this pattern. Community health diagnosis has the aspects of social medicine.

ASPECTS OF SOCIAL MEDICINE:

ASPECTS OF SOCIAL MEDICINE Social Anatomy Social Physiology Social Pathology Social Diagnosis Social Therapy

SOCIAL ANATOMY:

SOCIAL ANATOMY It deals with the structure & stratification of society according to : Socioeconomic group Professional group Religions & castes Rural and urban communities

SOCIAL PHYSIOLOGY :

SOCIAL PHYSIOLOGY It refers to the function of society growth of society depends upon birth rate food supply.

SOCIAL PATHOLOGY:

SOCIAL PATHOLOGY it is pathology of families , group, societies or communities. Indicators of health services- Doctors: patients Nurse: patients Patients :bed

SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS:

SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS The of community health diagnosis is to identify the basic health needs and current problem of the community By conducting the surveys whole community is examined

SOCIAL THERAPY:

SOCIAL THERAPY Refers to a community treatment or community health action as the of step decided upon to meet the health needs of the community taking into account the resources available & the wishes of the people , as revealed by community health diagnosis.

STATEMENT OF THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS:

STATEMENT OF THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS Potential for health hazards r/t to breeding of mosquitoes as evidenced by presence of stagnant water. Knowledge deficit r/t to small family norms as evidenced by large family .

PLANNING:

PLANNING It is a systematic approach in developing a plan of action based on careful assessment. Planning phase consist of : Establishing priorities for the problems diagnosed. Setting objective

CONTD…:

CONTD… Writing nursing intervention that will lead to achievement of proposed objective. Recording nursing diagnosis, reasons, objectives, and nursing interventions.

COMPONENTS OF PLANNING:

COMPONENTS OF PLANNING Objective Nursing Interventions

OBJECTIVE :

OBJECTIVE Objectives help the nurse and patient to evaluate the patient progress towards desired outcomes well as the effectiveness of the nursing interventions. Objectives should be: Related to the problem statement. Client centered. Clear and concise.

CONTD…:

CONTD… Observable & measurable Realistic Time limited Determined by the nurse and client

NURSING INTERVENTIONS:

NURSING INTERVENTIONS Nursing interventions focus on the activities required to promote, maintain or restore the patient’s health.

TYPES OF NURSING INTERVENTION:

TYPES OF NURSING INTERVENTION Dependent Intervention Interdependent Intervention Independent Intervention

DEPENDENT INTERVENTION :

DEPENDENT INTERVENTION It is related to implementation of medical orders. Eg: discuss about the medicine regimen with the patient as prescribed by doctor.

INTERDEPENDENT INTERVENTION:

INTERDEPENDENT INTERVENTION Describe the activities that nurse carries out in cooperation with other health team members. eg:sterile instruments to be used Takes out the record Gets the clinic personnel to arrange the clinic

INDEPENDENT INTERVENTION :

INDEPENDENT INTERVENTION These are the activities performed by the nurse without direct doctor’s order. Eg: Community health nurse will Give group teaching and health education Assist the patient to identify potential hazards at home

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION:

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE INTERVENTION Precise Action Verbs Dated Consistent With Plan Of Care Based On Scientific Principles Individualised To Client Modification Of Standard Therapy Signed

IMPLEMENTATION:

IMPLEMENTATION Implementation in the nursing process is to translate the planning into practice according to principles of nursing. Without implementation the plan remains theoritical. Eg: providing functions for the patient Administration of drugs Health teaching

EVALUATION:

EVALUATION It is the last step in the nursing process that determines the extent to which the goal of the care has been achieved. Nurse assess the progress of the patient,Institute corrective measures if required and revises the nursing care plan as needed.

CONTD…:

CONTD… Activities involved are- Selection of observable criteria related to the desired goals of patient’s. Collection of relevant information Comparison of the information collected with the selected criteria Judgement and decision making Feedback and modification of nursing care plan

CONTD…:

CONTD… Some correct evaluative methods are: Direct observation Rating scales or administration questionaries Performing process recording Performing family analysis

FORMAT OF NURSING CARE PLAN:

FORMAT OF NURSING CARE PLAN Assessment Nsg diagnosis Objective Plan of action Implementation Rationale Evaluation

Slide 51:

ADVANTAGES OF NURSING PROCESS

ADVANTAGES :

ADVANTAGES Helps to create a health data base of a patient Helps to identify actual or potential health problems of a patient Helps to establish priorities of nursing actions for providing proper services to the patient

CONTD…:

CONTD… Helps to define specific nursing responsibility Helps to develop planned, organised and individualised nursing care Helps to encourage for innovative nursing care Helps to provide for alternative of nursing actions

CONTD…:

CONTD… Helps to develop nursing autonomy and to faster nursing accountability Helps to increase the effectiveness of nursing care

SUMMARISATION:

SUMMARISATION Introduction Definition Characteristics Of Nursing Process Purpose Organisation Properties

CONTD….:

CONTD…. Components Of Nursing Process Assessment Diagnose Planning Implementation Evaluation Advantages

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

BIBLIOGRAPHY Baswanthapa B T : Community health nursing, jaypee brothers, Pg-45-63 Kamalam S: Essentials in community health nursing practice,Jaypee brothers,Pg-22-31 Stenhope: community health nursing, Jaypee brothers,Pg-302-325

CONTD….:

CONTD…. TNAI: A Community health nursing manul ,3 rd Ed,New Delhi, Pg. 31-47.

Slide 59:

THANKS