Farm Mechanisation for Increased Productivity

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Dr. R. T. Patil Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal 462 038 (MP) Farm Mechanization for Increased Productivity

Scenario of Production Agriculture: 

Scenario of Production Agriculture Agriculture contributes about 17.5% of GDP, employees 57% workforce and sustains approx over 70% of the population Average productivity of important crops is % lower than international average. Mechanization plays an important role in increasing the productivity as evidenced from agriculture from developed countries Horticultural mechanization is dismally low in India Mechanization enables timeliness in field operation. Seedbed preparation and sowing can be completed in 1-2 days before soil becomes too dry. Delay of every day beyond optimum results in loss of about 0.5-1.0% in productivity.

Land leveling: 

Land leveling Laser Land Levelers are helpful in conserving irrigation water thus conserving commercial energy besides assuring uniformity in water application contributing in increased productivity.

Seedbed Preparation : 

Seedbed Preparation Conventional seedbed and sowing with paleva irrigation can easily take 8-10 days, thus gain of 4-5% minimum and can be up 8-10% or even more. Rotavator that prepares seedbed in one or two passes saves both time and energy. It is useful equipment in rice-wheat farming and increasingly becoming popular.

Sowing & Planting : 

Sowing & Planting Mechanization helps achieving optimum plant population through precision in metering and placement of seed and fertilizer, more so if a planter is used which can increase yield by 5-10% or more.

Raised bed farming : 

Raised bed farming Mechanization enables practicing raised-bed-farming where crop could be raised under aerobic conditions contributing in yield increase by 5-10%. It facilitates furrow irrigation conserving water by 20-30%.

Zero Till Drill : 

Zero Till Drill Sowing of wheat after paddy harvest can be advanced by 8-10 days with Zero-till Drill which enhances yield by at least 4-5%, but could be upto to 10% or more. Line sowing and mechanical weeding in rice can increase yield by 10-15% both in upland and wetland crops

Pressurized Irrigation : 

Pressurized Irrigation Pressurized irrigation like drip & fertigation increase productivity by 25-50% and irrigation water saving in same measure.

Plant Protection : 

Plant Protection Power sprayers bring timeliness in plant protection measures due to high field capacity saving the crop from pest damage, improving the harvest, easily 10-15%.

Mechanized harvesting : 

Mechanized harvesting Harvesting by VCR and power threshing speeds up operation and prevents wastage due to untimeliness and eliminate vulnerability to adverse weather condition. Combining does it even more so besides being a cheaper option.

Pregerminated seeding : 

Pregerminated seeding Pre-Germinated Paddy Seeder saves energy required for nursery raising and arduous transplanting. Self Propelled Mechanical Rice Transplanter also saves lot of costly human labour. SRI method also conserves commercial energy relying on mechanical weeding and human labour.

Interculture : 

Interculture Wheel-hoe, animal and tractor operated cultivators are energy efficient interculture equipment, saving energy. Herbicides are also energy efficient weed management option.

Mechanisation Options : 

Mechanisation Options Unit Operation Traditional Improved Seedbed preparation Desi Hal & variants (AD) Moulboard Ploughs (AD) Spike Tooth Harrow Spring Tooth Harrow (AD) Singh Patela (AD) Bakhar (AD) Dufan an Tifan (AD) Wooden Planker (AD) Mallet, Flail (M) Scoop/Buck-scraper (AD) Bund Former (AD) Floats (AD) Spade, Pick Axe, Crowbar Single Action/Reversible MB Ploughs Disc Ploughs (TM) Sub- Soiler (TM) Tandem/Offset Disc Harrow (TD/TM) Rigid/Spring Tyne Tillers (TM) Tiller with Crushing Roller (TM) Puddlers (AD &TM) Scraper/ Leveller (TM) Laser Land Leveller (TM) Raised Bed Former, Ridger , Furrower (TM) Post Hole Digger/Auger (TM) D = animal drawn, TD = tractor drawn, TM = tractor mounted, PT = power tiller operated, M = manual, P = power-engine or motor, R = rice, W = wheat.

Mechanisation Options : 

Mechanisation Options Seeding & Planting: Rice Broadcasting, Lehi, Bayasi Manual transplanting Zero-Till Drill (TM) 8-row Mechanical Rice Transplanter (SP) Pre-germinated Paddy Seeder Wheat Broadcasting Desi Hal with Seeding Funnel Dufan and Tifan Raised Bed Seeder (TM) Seed/Seed-cum-Fertilizer Drill (TM) Zero-Till Drill (TM) Strip-Till Drill/Roto-Till Drill (TM) Maize, Cotton Manual Seedling/Dibbling Desi Hal with Seeding Funnel Seed-cum Fertilizer Drill (TM/AD) Seed-cum-Fert Planter (TM/AD) Vegetable Dibbler Planter (M, TM) Garlic planter (M, TM) Veg. Transplanter (TM) Potato Manual on flat bed or furrow Karaha to cover (M) Automatic Potato Planter Semi-automatic Potato Planter (TM) Sugarcane Manual Set-Cutter Planter (TM) Stubble Shaver (TM) D = animal drawn, TD = tractor drawn, TM = tractor mounted, PT = power tiller operated, M = manual, P = power-engine or motor, R = rice, W = wheat.

Mechanisation Options : 

Mechanisation Options Weeding & Interculture Physical Manual with Khurpi/ Khurpa Dora (AD) Datari (AD) Ridger (AD) for earthing Wheel-hoes (M) Cultivator with Full & Half Sweeps (TM) Rotary Power Weeder Power Tiller for Alley Management Ridger (TM) for earthing Plant-Protection Hand Compression Sprayer Rocking/Pedal Operated Sprayer Hand Rotary Duster Knap Sack Sprayer with long boom (M) Knap Sack Power Sprayer (M) Tractor/PT operated Sprayers (TM, PT) Aero-Blast Sprayers (TM) Irrigation Swing Basket (M) Dhekuli (M) Mhote/Charas (AD) Rahat/Vasher Rahat (M) Flooding, Basin, Furrow Irrigation Ponds, streams, reservoirs Dugwells, Baulis Centrifugal Pumps Submersible Turbine Pumps Axial Flow Pumps Ponds, Reservoirs Dugwells Tubewells Streams Flooding, Basin, Furrow irrigation Drip-surface, sub-surface Sprinkler, Micro-sprinklers D = animal drawn, TD = tractor drawn, TM = tractor mounted, PT = power tiller operated, M = manual, P = power-engine or motor, R = rice, W = wheat.

Mechanisation Options : 

Mechanisation Options Weeding & Interculture Physical Manual with Khurpi/ Khurpa Dora (AD) Datari (AD) Ridger (AD) for earthing Wheel-hoes (M) Cultivator with Full & Half Sweeps (TM) Rotary Power Weeder Power Tiller for Alley Management Ridger (TM) for earthing Plant-Protection Hand Compression Sprayer Rocking/Pedal Operated Sprayer Hand Rotary Duster Knap Sack Sprayer with long boom (M) Knap Sack Power Sprayer (M) Tractor/PT operated Sprayers (TM, PT) Aero-Blast Sprayers (TM) Irrigation Swing Basket (M) Dhekuli (M) Mhote/Charas (AD) Rahat/Vasher Rahat (M) Flooding, Basin, Furrow Irrigation Ponds, streams, reservoirs Dugwells, Baulis Centrifugal Pumps Submersible Turbine Pumps Axial Flow Pumps Ponds, Reservoirs Dugwells Tubewells Streams Flooding, Basin, Furrow irrigation Drip-surface, sub-surface Sprinkler, Micro-sprinklers D = animal drawn, TD = tractor drawn, TM = tractor mounted, PT = power tiller operated, M = manual, P = power-engine or motor, R = rice, W = wheat.

Mechanisation Options : 

Mechanisation Options Harvesting & Threshing Sickle-plain/serrated (M) Fruit Plucker (M) Sythe, Dao, Gandas (M) Animal Treading, Beating with flail Olpad Thresher (AD) Winnowing Fan (M, P) Vertical conveyor Reaper (Walking) Vertical Conveyor Reaper (SP) Vertical Conveyor Reaper (TM, PT) Power Thresher (R, W, Sorghum etc) Power Multi-crop Thresher Maize Dehusker Maize Dehusker-Sheller Potato Digger/Digger-Shaker Grain Combine Straw Combine Sugarcane Harvester Cleaning and Grading Supa, cleaning basket Chhalna, Screen Hand picking Winnowing/Winnower Pedal Operated Screen Cleaner Fruit Graders Power Operated Pre-cleaner (P) Air Screen Cleaner (M) Vibratory Separator/ Gravity Separator (P) Oscillating Multi-screen Cleaner/ Grader (P) Spiral Separator (M) Disc Separator (P) Fruit & Vegetable Washer (P) Fruit & Vegetable Packaging Line (P), etc. D = animal drawn, TD = tractor drawn, TM = tractor mounted, PT = power tiller operated, M = manual, P = power-engine or motor, R = rice, W = wheat.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

If India has to become developed nation, the farm mechanization is pre-requisite Mechanization can help increase GDP growth in Agriculture which is three times more effective to reduce the poverty compared to GDP growth from other sources Thank You !!!