change-management

Change Management: 

Change Management Prof. Archana Shukla Indian Institute of Management Lucknow

Triggers to change: 

2 Triggers to change Discontentment with existing reality Threats from external environment Opportunities available in the external environment

Triggers to change (examples): 

3 Triggers to change (examples) External Government regulations Changes in economy Competition Raw material prices/ availability Market for finished goods Pressure groups Technology changes Labor scarcity Changes in consumer preferences/ profile Internal Changes in corporate leadership Mergers, acquisitions, JV New technology Decline in performance Changes in employee profile Union actions Low morale, motivations, etc.

Models of change: 

4 Models of change Kurt Lewin’s three stage model Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze

Models of change: 

5 Models of change Griener’s lifecycle model of organizational growth Young Mature Small Large Growth thru creativity Growth thru direction Growth thru delegation Growth thru coordination Growth thru collaboration Crisis of leadership Crisis of autonomy Crisis of control Crisis of redtape Crisis of ?

Issues in change management: 

6 Issues in change management Handling resistance to change Sources of resistance/ inertia Burden of past experience Defensive routines Tunnel vision Bounded rationality Fears Loss of control/power

Challenges in change: 

7 Challenges in change Organizations are the shadows of their leaders You can’t create what you can’t define Behavioral change occurs at the emotional, and not at the intellectual level

Change orientations: 

8 Change orientations Orientation Theme Inactive Let us not worry about tomorrow Reactive Let us go back to the good old days Proactive Let us plan and be prepared to deal with the likely future Interactive Let us redesign the future

Response types: 

9 Response types Incremental Strategic Anticipatory Tuning Reorientation Reactive Adaptation Re-creation In the same direction In a new direction Before environment change After environment change UP Awas Vikas Parishad implementing ISO India Post entering Speed Post & ePost Indian pharma companies doing basic research 3M getting into new product-markets away from mining

What to change?: 

10 What to change? Environment, Resources, History Structure Culture Systems Competence Organizational outcomes Meeting stakeholder expectations Strategy

How to change?: 

11 How to change? Targets of change What can I change at my level Targets of influence What can I change by influencing others Targets of coping What I can’t do anything about

There are three kinds of people!: 

12 There are three kinds of people! When it comes to the future, there are three kinds of people … Those who let it happen Those who make it happen Those who wonder what happened

Eight steps for managing change: 

13 Eight steps for managing change Establish a sense of urgency Form a powerful guiding coalition Create a vision Communicate the vision Empower others to act on the vision Plan for and create short-term wins Consolidate improvements and produce still more change Institutionalize new approaches

Ten commandments of change: 

14 Ten commandments of change Fundamental change requires changing the fundamentals Change the mindset Seek cooperation and support Identify impediments to change See that the results of change are visible Recognize and reward good performance Strengthen HR practices Develop the will to enforce rules Provide leadership for change Start changing what you can, and then influence others

Institutionalizing new approaches: 

15 Institutionalizing new approaches Culture (Media/ education/ police) Ordering of corporate goals and objectives Change all aspects that will get affected (structure/ systems/ culture) Training programmes for competence building and mindset change Internal communication and publications

Thank You: 

Thank You Archana Shukla