Society

SOCIETY. : 

SOCIETY. Institution: Vidya Vikas. Faculty: Mr. Sharma. By Ashok Singh Rana.       “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.” -Greek proverb.

INDEX. : 

INDEX. What is a society. Types of society. Formation of society. Purpose of Formation. What is a state What is a nation What is an NGO. Types of NGO. Activities of an NGO. What is social welfare. Distinguish Society & State. Society & Governance Issues. Conclusion.

SOCIETY?? : 

SOCIETY?? Society can be defined as the political space between the individual and the government, expressed by membership of NGOs, social groups, associations and other organizations and networks. These vary in size and in the degree to which they are inter-related. They may, among other activities, advocate political positions on behalf of their members. This includes faith-based organizations. However, it should be noted that the demarcation between religious leadership, social welfare and political advocacy roles of faith-based organizations may be less distinct in some countries. A strong civil society serves as (i) a “watchdog” – holding authorities accountable for their actions, (ii) a "corrective" – campaigning against abuses of power and for the protection and promotion of Human Rights, (iii) a source of policy advice (e.g. for peace building), and (iv) a facilitator of dialogue and negotiation.

TYPES OF SOCIETY. : 

TYPES OF SOCIETY. 1.  Social/recreational society. 2.  Interest-based (including occupational) society. 3.  Service provision society. 4.  Self-help (often community based) society. 5.  Advocacy groups. 6.  Cultural/religious/'ethnic' society. 7.  Social movements

FORMATION / REGISTRATION OF A SOCIETY : 

FORMATION / REGISTRATION OF A SOCIETY Minimum 7 or more persons, eligible to enter into a contract can form society for various bona fide purposes. ELIGIBILITY: Besides individual, following persons are eligible to form a society by subscribing to the memorandum of a society: Foreigners Partnership firm Limited company Registered society Minors not eligible REGISTRATION OF SOCIETY Place of registration: The registration of a society is to be done under the act wherever obtaining and not in the state where the benefit is claimed. Once the persons proposing to form a society have decided upon the name of the society and have prepared a draft of the memorandum and rules and regulations the society the following procedures would have to be adopted for getting the society registered: Documents required to be filed with the registrar of the society: Covering letter requesting for registration stating in the body of letter various documents annexed to it. Memorandum of Association in duplicate along with a certified copy. Rules and regulations Where there is a reference to any particular existing places of worship like temple, masjid, gurdwara etc. sufficient documentary proof establishing legal competents and control of applicant society over such places should be filed.

PURPOSE OF FORMATION OF SOCIETY. : 

PURPOSE OF FORMATION OF SOCIETY. A society can be formed for the promotion of literature, science or the fine arts or the diffusion of useful knowledge/political education or for charitable purposes. Section 20 of the principal Act specifies the following purposes for which societies may be registered under the Act: Grant of charitable assistance Creation of Military orphan funds Societies established at the General Presidencies of India Promotion of: Science, Literature, Fine Arts, Instructions or diffusion of useful knowledge, Diffusion of political education, Foundation or maintenance of libraries or reading rooms, Public museum and galleries of paintings, Works of Act.

STATE?? : 

STATE?? A state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a geographic area and representing a population. These may be nation states, sub-national states or multinational states. A state usually includes the set of institutions that claim the authority to make the rules that govern the people of the society in that territory, though its status as a state often depends in part on being recognized by a number of other states as having internal and external sovereignty over it. In sociology, the state is normally identified with these institutions: in Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that "(successfully) claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory," which may include the armed forces, civil service or state bureaucracy, courts, and police. Recently much debate has surrounded the issue of State-building with competing schools of thought on how to support the emergence of capable states.

NATION?? : 

NATION?? A nation is a cultural and social community. In as much as most members never meet each other, yet feel a common bond, it may be considered an imagined community. One of the most influential doctrines in Western Europe and the Western hemisphere since the late eighteenth century is that all humans are divided into groups called nations.[nb 1] Nationhood is an ethical and philosophical doctrine and is the starting point for the ideology of nationalism; a nation is a form of self-defined cultural and social community. Members of a "nation" share a common identity, and usually a common origin, in the sense of history, ancestry, parentage or descent. A nation extends across generations, and includes the dead as full members.[citation needed] Past events are framed in this context: for example, by referring to "our soldiers" in conflicts which took place hundreds of years ago. More vaguely, nations are assumed to include future generations.

NGO?? : 

NGO?? NGO? Short for Non Governmental Organization, NGO is not an easy term to define. Generally, they are taken to be not-for-profit organizations that work on one or many developmental issues. The diversity of NGOs strains any simple definition. They include many groups and institutions that are entirely or largely independent of government and that have primarily humanitarian or cooperative rather than commercial objectives. They are private agencies in industrial countries that support international development; indigenous groups organized regionally or nationally; and member-groups in villages. NGOs include charitable and religious associations that mobilize private funds for development, distribute food and family planning services and promote community organization. They also include independent cooperatives, community associations, water-user societies, women’s groups and pastoral associations. Citizen groups that raise awareness and influence policy are also NGOs.”

TYPES OF NGO-SOCIETY. : 

TYPES OF NGO-SOCIETY. Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or educational organizations. Some are devoted to rising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved in providing such services. Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers of commerce and industry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose of helping the poor. National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these have state and cuty branches and assist local NGOs. International NGOs range from secular gencies such as Redda BArna and Save the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and projects, to implementing the projects themselves.

ACTVITIES OF A NGO IN SOCIETY. : 

ACTVITIES OF A NGO IN SOCIETY. An NGO can work at three levels: The Primordial Prevention: The primordial prevention is about prevention of the emergence or development of risk factors in countries or population groups in which they have not appeared by favourably influencing the lifestyle of the target group and by discouraging the adoption of harmful lifestyles. For example, we are aware of the fact that deforestation can cause a lot of environmental hazards after few years. With the help of research we are aware of the future hazards without actually experiencing it and thus need to work towards the prevention of deforestation. The Population (Mass) Strategy: The Population Strategy aims at the whole population irrespective of individual risk levels. This approach is directed towards socio-economic, behavioural and lifestyle changes. The government policies, which aim at economic betterment, policies for women, children, in fact the entire running of the government is a part of this strategy. It works for the betterment for the entire community. Schools, Colleges, Universities. Women, Children, Men. Plants, Animals, Environment. Caste, Community, Country. These and others, all of them have a role in this strategy. They thus play a very vital role in initiating and pushing several policies. The High Risk Strategy : High Risk Strategy aims at providing preventive care to the individuals at special risk like counselling for youth, counselling for Aids patients, and other chronically ill persons. The task involved here is finding out areas with maximum risk and providing intervention services to prevent the calamity. Like bringing down pollution, preventing the killing of animals, preventing private vehicles in the Borivili National Park, providing night shelter to children of commercial sex workers, getting the PUC done on the entire vehicles etc.

SOCIETY:SOCIALWELFARE. : 

SOCIETY:SOCIALWELFARE. A social welfare refers to any program which seeks to provide a minimum level of income, service or other support for many marginalized groups such as the poor, elderly, and disabled people. Social welfare programs are undertaken by governments as well as non-governmental organizations (NGO's). Examples of social welfare services include the following: Compulsory superannuation savings programs. Compulsory social insurance programs, often based on income, to pay for the social welfare service being provided. These are often incorporated into the taxation system and may be inseparable from income tax. Pensions or other financial aid, including social security and tax relief, to those with low incomes or inability to meet basic living costs, especially those who are raising children, elderly, unemployed, injured, sick or disabled. Free or low cost nursing, doctor medical and hospital care for those who are sick, injured or unable to care for themselves. This may also include free antenatal and postnatal care. Services may be provided in the community or a medical facility. Free or low cost public education for all children, and financial aid, sometimes as a scholarship or pension, sometimes in the form of a suspensory loan, to students attending academic institutions or undertaking vocational training. The state may also fund or operate social work and community based organizations that provide services that benefit disadvantaged people in the community.

SOCIETY/STATE. : 

SOCIETY/STATE. Society. The totality of concepts of all purely natural relations and institutions between man and man. Formed earlier than state. Society is a network of many kinds of human relationships. Society is not bounded by territorial borders. Uses Persuasion & voluntary action. Do not have any tool. State Summation of privileges and dominating positions which are brought into being by extra-economic power. Formed after society. The State is a jurisdictional claim to territorial sovereignty that persisted through time. Territory is an essential attribute of the state. Uses coercion & compulsion. Uses Government as a tool to yield its power.

SOCIETY & GOVERNANCE ISSUES. : 

SOCIETY & GOVERNANCE ISSUES. The contribution made by civil society to good governance is essentially concerned with the means by which organized interests seek to influence and engage with state institutions.  In doing so, they usually help to strengthen state legitimacy and relations of trust between public officials and ordinary citizens.  However, not all civic organizations engage in activities designed to promote better governance.  Some actively conspire to undermine good governance by aggressively pursuing self-interested goals or by fomenting violence against the state or other organized groups.  Others consciously seek to evade or disengage themselves from formal state structures through various forms of collective action in the informal economy.  The contribution of civil society to good governance may be summarized under four headings: 1. Public policy and decision making. 2. Enhancing state performance. 3. Transparency and information. 4. Social justice and the rule of law.

CONCLUSION. : 

CONCLUSION. Civic renewal requires us to ask how the state, law, and the professions might pre-structure the terrain so that the autonomy of civil society, the vitality of civil publics, and civicness may be strengthened. In particular, it requires us to ask how the state can be made more receptive to organizational initiatives and public expression from within civil society. The rhetoric of civic and moral decline does not address such questions. But they should be at the heart of democratic theory.