logging in or signing up swine flu rajasreekar Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 232 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 16, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description H1NI strain of orthomyxo virus. Comments Posting comment... By: mahmoud_kh (14 month(s) ago) htank you its very coool Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: leoun (26 month(s) ago) I am very thankful for your work Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: leoun (26 month(s) ago) hello sir thank for providing wonderful ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close By: rajasreekar (26 month(s) ago) thnx Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: drga (26 month(s) ago) good presentation, pl send me acopy to the following: achaiah1960@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Swine flu(H1N1) : Swine flu(H1N1) BY Raja sreekar Contents : Contents Classification History Structure Transmission Signs and symptoms Prevention Treatment Diagnosis Epidemology Classification : Classification Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with Influenzavirus A being common in pigs and Influenzavirus C being rare.Influenzavirus B has not been reported in pigs. Within Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although due to reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries. History : History 1918 pandemic in humans 1976 U.S. outbreak 1988 zoonosis 1998 US outbreak in swine 2007 Philippine outbreak in swine 2009 outbreak in humans Slide 5: The 2009 flu outbreak in humans, known as "swine flu", is due to a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that contains genes closely related to swine influenza. The origin of this new strain is unknown A swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is usually hosted by pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains are the influenza C virus and the subtypes of the influenza A virus known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. Swine flu is common throughout pig populations worldwide STRUCTURE : STRUCTURE It is a typical influenza virus of spherical shape having outer envelope. Nucleocapsid is of helical symmetry app. 80—120 nm It consist of 8 segmented , negative sense s.s RNA Slide 7: It consist of RNA dependent RNA polymerases The envelope consist of 2 layers outer –lipid layer, inner –protein layer Envelope is having two spikes namely 1. Haemagglutin spike (H-spike) 2. Neuraminidase spike (N- spike) The protein layer is M PROTEIN type which stabilises the lipid layer Virus family: Orthomyxovirus : Virus family: Orthomyxovirus Two surface proteins: Hemagglutinin (H) 15 types: H1 – H15 Neuraminidase (N) 9 types: N1 – N9 Influenza Virus Slide 9: Transmission between pigs Influenza is quite common in pigs, with about half of breeding pigs having been exposed to the virus in the US. Antibodies to the virus are also common in pigs in other countries. The main route of transmission is through direct contact between infected and uninfected animals. These close contacts are particularly common during animal transport. The direct transfer of the virus probably occurs either by pigs touching noses, or through dried mucus. Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection.. Slide 10: Transmission to humans People who work with poultry and swine, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of zoonotic infection with influenza virus endemic in these animals, and constitute a population of human hosts in which zoonosis and reassortment can co-occur Interaction with avian H5N1 in pigs Pigs are unusual as they can be infected with influenza strains that usually infect three different species: pigs, birds and humans.This makes pigs a host where influenza viruses might exchange genes, producing new and dangerous strains. Way of Transmission : Way of Transmission PATHOGENISIS : PATHOGENISIS Pathogenesis : Pathogenesis Incubation period: is unknown, maybe range from 1-7 days , more likely 1-4 days. Infectious period: is not clearly known , current available data show that the duration of shedding with H1N1 is from the day prior to illness onset until resolution of symptoms . Children ,esp younger children might be contagious for long periods. In Humans : In Humans Fever Cough Sore throat Body aches Headache Chills and Fatigue Diarrhea Vomiting Prevention in humans : Prevention in humans Prevention of pig to human transmission Swine can be infected by both avian and human influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that create new influenza strains. use a face mask when dealing with infected animals. The use of vaccines on swine to prevent their infection is a major method of limiting swine to human transmission. Risk factors that may contribute to swine-to-human transmission include smoking and not wearing gloves when working with sick animals. Slide 17: Prevention of human to human transmission Influenza spreads between humans through coughing or sneezing and people touching something with the virus on it and then touching their own nose or mouth. Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food. The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first five days of the illness although some people, most commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten days. Diagnosis can be made by sending a specimen, collected during the first five days for analysis. Treatment : Treatment In swine As swine influenza is rarely fatal to pigs, little treatment beyond rest and supportive care is required. Instead veterinary efforts are focused on preventing the spread of the virus throughout the farm, or to other farms. Vaccination and animal management techniques are most important in these efforts. Antibiotics are also used to treat this disease, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds. In Humans : Pre-exposure – treat during exposure period and for 10 days after last known exposure to ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Post-exposure – treat for 10 days after last known exposure to ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Chemoprophylaxis treatment In Humans Slide 20: If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs can make the illness milder and make the patient feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). Beside antivirals, palliative care, at home or in hospital, focuses on controlling fevers and maintaining fluid balance. Slide 21: ANTIVIRALS . However , the majority of people infected with the virus make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs. The virus isolates in the 2009 outbreak have been found resistant to amantadine and rimantadin Testing has shown that the swine flu can be treated with the antiviral medicines oseltamavir (brand name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Slide 22: Antivirals will help to: reduce the length of time you are ill by around one day relieve some of the symptoms reduce the potential for serious complications such as pneumonia Slide 23: No vaccine available to protect humans from swine flu Vaccine for human seasonal influenza does not protect against H1N1 swine flu viruses due to antigenic differences, but may provide partial protection against swine H3N2 virus Vaccination Diagnosis : Diagnosis To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus Statistics of Swine-origin influenza virus( H1N1) until 1st-May-2009 : Statistics of Swine-origin influenza virus( H1N1) until 1st-May-2009 REFERENCES : REFERENCES Book medical microbiology Author jawetz,melnick Edition 22nd YEAR 2001 PAGE 465 www.cdc.gov.com www.who.gov.com www.dettol.co.in/swine flu www.google/images www.wikipedia.com Slide 27: Raja sreekar microbiologist You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
swine flu rajasreekar Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 232 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 16, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description H1NI strain of orthomyxo virus. Comments Posting comment... By: mahmoud_kh (14 month(s) ago) htank you its very coool Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: leoun (26 month(s) ago) I am very thankful for your work Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: leoun (26 month(s) ago) hello sir thank for providing wonderful ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close By: rajasreekar (26 month(s) ago) thnx Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: drga (26 month(s) ago) good presentation, pl send me acopy to the following: achaiah1960@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Swine flu(H1N1) : Swine flu(H1N1) BY Raja sreekar Contents : Contents Classification History Structure Transmission Signs and symptoms Prevention Treatment Diagnosis Epidemology Classification : Classification Of the three genera of influenza viruses that cause human flu, two also cause influenza in pigs, with Influenzavirus A being common in pigs and Influenzavirus C being rare.Influenzavirus B has not been reported in pigs. Within Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus C, the strains found in pigs and humans are largely distinct, although due to reassortment there have been transfers of genes among strains crossing swine, avian, and human species boundaries. History : History 1918 pandemic in humans 1976 U.S. outbreak 1988 zoonosis 1998 US outbreak in swine 2007 Philippine outbreak in swine 2009 outbreak in humans Slide 5: The 2009 flu outbreak in humans, known as "swine flu", is due to a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 that contains genes closely related to swine influenza. The origin of this new strain is unknown A swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is usually hosted by pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains are the influenza C virus and the subtypes of the influenza A virus known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. Swine flu is common throughout pig populations worldwide STRUCTURE : STRUCTURE It is a typical influenza virus of spherical shape having outer envelope. Nucleocapsid is of helical symmetry app. 80—120 nm It consist of 8 segmented , negative sense s.s RNA Slide 7: It consist of RNA dependent RNA polymerases The envelope consist of 2 layers outer –lipid layer, inner –protein layer Envelope is having two spikes namely 1. Haemagglutin spike (H-spike) 2. Neuraminidase spike (N- spike) The protein layer is M PROTEIN type which stabilises the lipid layer Virus family: Orthomyxovirus : Virus family: Orthomyxovirus Two surface proteins: Hemagglutinin (H) 15 types: H1 – H15 Neuraminidase (N) 9 types: N1 – N9 Influenza Virus Slide 9: Transmission between pigs Influenza is quite common in pigs, with about half of breeding pigs having been exposed to the virus in the US. Antibodies to the virus are also common in pigs in other countries. The main route of transmission is through direct contact between infected and uninfected animals. These close contacts are particularly common during animal transport. The direct transfer of the virus probably occurs either by pigs touching noses, or through dried mucus. Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection.. Slide 10: Transmission to humans People who work with poultry and swine, especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of zoonotic infection with influenza virus endemic in these animals, and constitute a population of human hosts in which zoonosis and reassortment can co-occur Interaction with avian H5N1 in pigs Pigs are unusual as they can be infected with influenza strains that usually infect three different species: pigs, birds and humans.This makes pigs a host where influenza viruses might exchange genes, producing new and dangerous strains. Way of Transmission : Way of Transmission PATHOGENISIS : PATHOGENISIS Pathogenesis : Pathogenesis Incubation period: is unknown, maybe range from 1-7 days , more likely 1-4 days. Infectious period: is not clearly known , current available data show that the duration of shedding with H1N1 is from the day prior to illness onset until resolution of symptoms . Children ,esp younger children might be contagious for long periods. In Humans : In Humans Fever Cough Sore throat Body aches Headache Chills and Fatigue Diarrhea Vomiting Prevention in humans : Prevention in humans Prevention of pig to human transmission Swine can be infected by both avian and human influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that create new influenza strains. use a face mask when dealing with infected animals. The use of vaccines on swine to prevent their infection is a major method of limiting swine to human transmission. Risk factors that may contribute to swine-to-human transmission include smoking and not wearing gloves when working with sick animals. Slide 17: Prevention of human to human transmission Influenza spreads between humans through coughing or sneezing and people touching something with the virus on it and then touching their own nose or mouth. Swine flu cannot be spread by pork products, since the virus is not transmitted through food. The swine flu in humans is most contagious during the first five days of the illness although some people, most commonly children, can remain contagious for up to ten days. Diagnosis can be made by sending a specimen, collected during the first five days for analysis. Treatment : Treatment In swine As swine influenza is rarely fatal to pigs, little treatment beyond rest and supportive care is required. Instead veterinary efforts are focused on preventing the spread of the virus throughout the farm, or to other farms. Vaccination and animal management techniques are most important in these efforts. Antibiotics are also used to treat this disease, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds. In Humans : Pre-exposure – treat during exposure period and for 10 days after last known exposure to ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Post-exposure – treat for 10 days after last known exposure to ill confirmed case of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Chemoprophylaxis treatment In Humans Slide 20: If a person becomes sick with swine flu, antiviral drugs can make the illness milder and make the patient feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms). Beside antivirals, palliative care, at home or in hospital, focuses on controlling fevers and maintaining fluid balance. Slide 21: ANTIVIRALS . However , the majority of people infected with the virus make a full recovery without requiring medical attention or antiviral drugs. The virus isolates in the 2009 outbreak have been found resistant to amantadine and rimantadin Testing has shown that the swine flu can be treated with the antiviral medicines oseltamavir (brand name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza). Slide 22: Antivirals will help to: reduce the length of time you are ill by around one day relieve some of the symptoms reduce the potential for serious complications such as pneumonia Slide 23: No vaccine available to protect humans from swine flu Vaccine for human seasonal influenza does not protect against H1N1 swine flu viruses due to antigenic differences, but may provide partial protection against swine H3N2 virus Vaccination Diagnosis : Diagnosis To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus Statistics of Swine-origin influenza virus( H1N1) until 1st-May-2009 : Statistics of Swine-origin influenza virus( H1N1) until 1st-May-2009 REFERENCES : REFERENCES Book medical microbiology Author jawetz,melnick Edition 22nd YEAR 2001 PAGE 465 www.cdc.gov.com www.who.gov.com www.dettol.co.in/swine flu www.google/images www.wikipedia.com Slide 27: Raja sreekar microbiologist