Final Hour of Jesus Christ

Final Hour of Jesus Christ : 

Final Hour of Jesus Christ

The historical perspective of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ : 

The historical perspective of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ History of crucifixion in the ancient world 1. Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Persians practiced crucifixion in the first millennium B.C. 2. During the Hellenistic period crucifixion became more popular among the Greeks. 3. At the end of the first end of the first century B. C. , the Romans adopted it as an official punishment for certain legal transgressions. 4- Crucifixions took place outside the city because they were offensive to the citizens.

The historical perspective of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ : 

The historical perspective of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ Purposes for crucifixion in the Ancient World 1. Main purpose was to punish and frighten disobedient slaves. 2. Later on in the first century A.D., it evolved into a method of execution for conviction of certain crimes. 3. Captured enemies and rebels were often crucified in masses during times of war. 4. In times of peace, crucifixion was carried out for conviction of certain crimes prescribing the death penalty.

Hematidrosis – Sweat Turning Into Blood : 

Hematidrosis – Sweat Turning Into Blood Gethsemane Thursday Jesus observed the Passover meal with His disciples He walked with some of His disciples to the Garden. Knowing His death was near He suffered great mental anguish So much so, that His sweat became like blood    (hematidrosis or hemohidrosis). Blood loss was minimal, but in the cold night air it probably produced chills.

Hematidrosis – Sweat Turning Into Blood : 

Hematidrosis – Sweat Turning Into Blood Hematidrosis (also called hematohidrosis) is a very rare condition in which a human being sweats blood. It may occur when a person is suffering extreme levels of stress, for example, facing his or her own death. Several historical references have been described; notably by Leonardo da Vinci: describing a soldier who sweated blood before battle. men unexpectedly given a death sentence, as well as descriptions in the Bible, that Jesus experienced hematidrosis when he was praying in the garden of Gethsemane (Luke 22,44).

SCOURGING : 

SCOURGING D- Scourging (flogging) 1- Always done before an execution to further weaken the victim and leave him vulnerable to the effects of the crucifixion. 2- Flagrum or flagellum: short whip with sharp pieces of bone and small metal balls. 3- Victim was stripped of clothing 4- Deep lacerations caused considerable blood loss and further weakness. 5- The soldiers flogged 39 minus 1 times. In other words, short of collapse from death. 6- This set the stage for circulatory shock, because of the loss of blood and the deepness of the lacerations. 7- This flogging and the hematidrosis experienced before probably left Jesus' skin extremely tender and susceptible to much pain at the slightest pressure.

SCOURGING : 

SCOURGING Left - Short whip (flagrum) with lead balls and sheep bones tied into leather thongs. Center left - Naked victim tied to flogging post. Deep stripelike lacerations were usually associated with considerable blood loss. Center right. - View from above, showing position of lictors. Right. Inferomedial direction of wounds.

Medical Aspects of Scourging : 

Medical Aspects of Scourging As the Roman soldiers repeatedly struck the victim's back with full force, the iron balls would cause deep contusions, and the leather thongs and sheep bones would cut into the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Then, as the flogging continued, the lacerations would tear into the underlying skeletal muscles and produce quivering ribbons of bleeding flesh. Pain and blood loss generally set the stage for circulatory shock. The extent of blood loss may well have determined how long the victim would survive on the cross.

Scourging of Jesus : 

Scourging of Jesus At the Praetorium, Jesus was severely whipped. (Although the severity of the scourging is not discussed in the four gospel accounts, it is implied in one of the epistles [1 Peter 2:24]. A detailed word study of the ancient Greek text for this verse indicates that the scourging of Jesus was particularly harsh. It is not known whether the number of lashes was limited to 39, in accordance with Jewish law. The Roman soldiers, amused that this weakened man had claimed to be a king, began to mock him by placing a robe on his shoulders, a crown of thorns on his head, and a wooden staff as a scepter in his right hand.

Scourging of Jesus : 

Scourging of Jesus Next, they spat on Jesus and struck him on the head with the wooden staff. Moreover, when the soldiers tore the robe from Jesus' back, they probably reopened the scourging wounds. The severe scourging, with its intense pain and appreciable blood loss, most probably left Jesus in a preshock state. Moreover,  hematidrosis had rendered his skin particularly tender. The physical and mental abuse meted out by the Jews and the Romans, as well as lack of food, water and sleep, also contributed to his generally weakened state. Therefore, even before the actual crucifixion, Jesus' physical condition was at least serious and possibly critical.

Scourging of Jesus : 

Scourging of Jesus Video

The Cross or Patibulum : 

The Cross or Patibulum Left - Victim carrying crossbar (patibulum) to site of upright post (stipes). Center - Low Tau cross (crux commissa). commonly used by Romans at time of Christ. Upper right - Rendition of Jesus' titulus, with name and crime--Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews--written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. Lower right - Possible methods for attaching titulus to Tau cross (left) and Latin cross (right).

The Cross or Patibulum : 

The Cross or Patibulum It was customary for the condemned man to carry his own cross from the flogging post to the site of crucifixion outside the city walls. He was usually naked, unless this was prohibited by local customs. Since the weight of the entire cross was probably well over 300 lb. (136 kg), only the crossbar was carried. The patibulum, weighing 75 to 125 lb. (34 to 57 kg), was placed across the nape of the victim's neck and balanced along both shoulders. Usually, the outstretched arms then were tied to the crossbar.

The Cross or Patibulum : 

The Cross or Patibulum The processional to the site of crucifixion was led by a complete Roman military guard, headed by a centurion. One of the soldiers carried a sign (titulus) on which the condemned man's name and crime were displayed. Later, the titulus would be attached to the top of the cross. The Roman guard would not leave the victim until they were sure of his death. To prolong the crucifixion process, a horizontal wooden block or plank, serving as a crude seat (sedile or sedulum), often was attached midway down the stipes. Only very rarely, and probably later than the time of Christ, was, an additional block (suppedaneum) employed for transfixion of the feet.

The Path – Jesus was taken for Crucification : 

The Path – Jesus was taken for Crucification For Jesus, It was a tormenting 650 yard journey from the fortress Antonia to Golgotha.

Golgotha Mountain : 

Golgotha Mountain Just outside of Jerusalem there is a rock cliff that from a distance forms the eerie yet unmistakable appearance of a skull. This place is called Golgotha (place of the skull) and it sits atop the highest point on Mount Moriah. Evidence suggests that this was the location where God commanded Abraham to sacrifice his only son Issac. You might also know this place by a more familiar name –Calvary

Golgotha Mountain : 

Golgotha Mountain It is no coincidence that Jesus would one day come to be crucified on the same mountain height where Abraham testified of this sacred place by giving it the name “The Lord Will Provide”. In that very same place which we know as “Calvary” God provided the perfect Lamb to be sacrificed for the sins of the world.   He who did not spare His own Son, but delivered Him up for us all, how shall He not with Him also freely give us all things? Romans 8:32

Nailing of Wrist : 

Nailing of Wrist Left - Size of iron nail. Center - Location of nail in wrist, between carpals and radius. Right - Cross section of wrist, at level of plane indicated at left, showing path of nail, with probable transection of median nerve and impalement of flexor pollicis tongus, but without injury to major arterial trunks and without fractures of bones.

Nailing of Wrist : 

Nailing of Wrist At the site of execution, by law, the victim was given a bitter drink of wine mixed with myrrh (gall) as a mild analgesic. The criminal was then thrown to the ground on his back, with his arms outstretched along the patibulum. The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The archaeological remains of a crucified body, found in an ossuary near Jerusalem and dating from the time of Christ, indicate that the nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across.

Nailing of Wrist : 

Nailing of Wrist Furthermore, ossuary findings and the Shroud of Turin have documented that the nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms. After both arms were fixed to the crossbar, the patibulum and the victim, together, were lifted onto the stipes On the low cross, four soldiers could accomplish this relatively easily. however, on the tall cross, the soldiers used either wooden forks or ladders.

Nailing of the Feet : 

Nailing of the Feet Left - Position of feet atop one another and against stipes. Upper right - Location of nail in second intermetatarsal space. Lower right - Cross section of foot, at plane indicated at left, showing path of nail. Next, the feet were fixed to the cross, either by nails or ropes.

Nailing of the Feet : 

Nailing of the Feet Although the feet could be fixed to the sides of the stipes or to a wooden footrest (suppedaneum), they usually were nailed directly to the front of the stipes. To accomplish this, flexion of the knees may have been quite prominent, and the bent legs may have been rotated laterally. To support the body and prolong the agony, the sedile would be added to the cross. Foot supports were also added to prolong the ordeal, sometimes for even days. Without these added supports victims would die off asphyxia within two to three hours.

Nailing Jesus Christ : 

Nailing Jesus Christ Video

Respiration during Crucification : 

Respiration during Crucification

Respiration during Crucification : 

Respiration during Crucification As the arms fatigue, great waves of cramps sweep over the muscles, knotting them in deep, relentless, throbbing pain. With these cramps comes the inability to push Himself upward. Hanging by His arms, the pectoral muscles are paralyzed and theintercostal muscles are unable to act. Air can be drawn into the lungs, but cannot be exhaled. Jesus fights to raise Himself in order to get even one short breath. Finally carbon dioxide builds up in the lungs and in the blood stream and the cramps partially subside. Spasmodically, He is able to push Himself upward to exhale and bring in the life-giving oxygen. It was undoubtedly during these periods that He uttered the seven short sentences which are recorded:

Thirst of Jesus Christ : 

Thirst of Jesus Christ After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst. John 19:28

: 

And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost. Luke 23:46 Jesus Christ says “It is Finished” When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost John 19:30

Spear Wound to Cest : 

Spear Wound to Cest Left - Probable path of spear. Right - Cross section of thorax, at level of plane indicated at left, showing structures perforated by spear. LA indicates left atrium; LV. left ventricle; RA. right atrium: RV. right ventricle.

Spear Wound to Cest - Jesus : 

Spear Wound to Cest - Jesus Video The 34th verse of the 19th chapter of the Gospel according to John: And immediately there came out blood and water. Thus there was an escape of watery fluid from the sac surrounding the heart and blood from the interior of the heart.

Tomb of Jesus : 

Tomb of Jesus After crucifixation, as He said the third day, He was risen. Now the tomb is empty.

Jesus Christ Our Saviour : 

Jesus Christ Our Saviour Today we too can receive peace because of the suffering on the cross--by Jesus our Sacrifice and only Help. Because of the darkness of that experience, and because of the sweet forgiveness and help He offers us right now . . . our entire future can be changed. The cross itself has no power to save anyone, but the Christ that suffered, bled and died on it--can save each of us to the uttermost. No matter what you may have done in the past, what you may be now . . . Come, just now; come to Jesus your Saviour, your Redeemer, your Enabler, your Friend . . . Come to Jesus your Creator and your God.