logging in or signing up computer hardware engineering notes rabnawazlodhi Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3381 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: July 14, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 7 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: abhi134 (3 month(s) ago) can i have also a copy, thank you Abhishekk082@gmail.com plz plz plz sir Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gkebaiphe (3 month(s) ago) this is welldone job can you please send me copy of this presantation to my email :gkebaiphe@yahoo.com Saving..... 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This device is known as Abacus which was the first Manual Computer. HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER : 6 HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER In 1833 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical device “Difference Engine” for calculation, its working was purely dependant upon Steam. Charles Babbage is also known as the Father of Computer. He also introduced the Basic idea about input and Out Put Devices History of Computer : 7 History of Computer First Electronic Computer,Mark-1 was invented by Prof. Howard A. Aiken WHAT IS COMPUTER? : 8 WHAT IS COMPUTER? Computer is an Electronic device which can: accept data, process it, give the result after that processing and also store processed data Data Vs Information : 9 Data Vs Information Data are the raw facts which includes sounds, numbers, symbols, images etc. examples of data abc Ahmad Lahore Pakistan etc. information is the processed data which is meaningful, helpful, understandable and useful examples of information Roll No. 2 Name-Ahmad City-Lahore Country-Pakistan BASIC CONCEPTS DERIVE FROM DEFINITION : 10 BASIC CONCEPTS DERIVE FROM DEFINITION Basic Structure of Computer derived from the above diagram Diagram derived from the definition of Computer BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER : 11 BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER CPU (Central Processing Unit) CU (Control Unit) ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit) Main Memory (RAM) Characteristics of Computer : 12 Characteristics of Computer Speed Storage Processing Accuracy Efficiency non-Intelligence COMPUTER HARDWARE DEVICES : 13 COMPUTER HARDWARE DEVICES Input Devices Output Devices Processing Devices Storage Devices INPUT DEVICES : 14 INPUT DEVICES input devices are the components of computer which are used to give data and instruction to the computer by the user. Data Vs Instruction 2 + 2 = 4 for example Keyboard, Mouse, Mic, Scanner, Camera Information Instruction DATA Output Devices : 15 Output Devices Output Devices are the components of computer which are used to get back the result from the computer to the user. for example Monitor, Speaker, Printer, Projector PROCESSING DEVICES : 16 PROCESSING DEVICES processing devices are also the components of computer which are used to process the data and convert into information. examples processor is the brain of computer and it is used for processing purposes it contain two parts one is ALU and the other is CU. Storage Devices : 17 Storage Devices Storage Devices are used to store data on permanent or temporary basis. Types of Storage Devices Magnetic Devices Magnetic Tape Hard Disk Floppy Disk Optical Devices (CD- ROM) MEMORY : 18 MEMORY Memory mean the ability of computer to store the data on temporary or permanent basis. Types of Memory Primary Memory it is the type of computer memory which has capability to store data temporarily. it is also called volatile memory. Secondary Memory it is the type of computer memory which has capability to store data one permanent basis. it is also called non-volatile memory. Primary Vs Secondary Memory : 19 Primary Vs Secondary Memory Primary Memory RAM RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY TYPES OF RAM : 20 TYPES OF RAM S-RAM (Static Random Access Memory) Low cost Low Speed Refresh again and again D-RAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Costly High Speed Automatic Refresh System TYPES OF ROM : 21 TYPES OF ROM ROM (Read Only Memory) X PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) only one time EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) Two or three time EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) Flash Memory again and again Types of Input Devices : 22 Types of Input Devices Key Board Keyboard is the type of input devices which is used to give data and instruction with the help of some sort of keys (alphabetic, numeric, special, arrows, function, etc.) to the computer by the user. Types of key board Devoke QWERTY Types of Input Devices : 23 Pointing Devices Pointing Devices are those device which are used to give data, instruction and point out some specific of a specific graph. Types of Pointing Devices Mouse (Mechanical, Optical) Pointing Pen Touch Pad Pointing Stick Joy Stick Types of Input Devices Types of Input Devices : 24 Optical Devices optical devices are used to give data in the shape of image. Types of Optical Devices Digital Camera Scanner Types of Input Devices Types of Input Devices : 25 Sound Devices Sound Devices are used to give data to the computer in the shape of vice. Types of Sound Devices Microphone Mic Types of Input Devices Types of Output Devices : 26 Types of Output Devices Display Device Display devices are used to get result/information from the computer in the shape of Soft Copy. Monitor Monitor is an output device which gives the result/information in the shape of text, images, video, or any other style. Types of Monitor According to Technology : 27 Types of Monitor According to Technology CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Types of Monitor According to Technology : 28 Types of Monitor According to Technology LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Liquid Material between two layers of Glass Types of Monitor According to Technology : 29 Types of Monitor According to Technology Gas Plasma Neon Oxen Types of Monitor According to Size : 30 Types of Monitor According to Size 14” 15” 17” 19” 21” diagonal shape measurement Types of Monitor According to Colors : 31 Types of Monitor According to Colors Monochromes which contains only one color on its background Gray Scale Monitor it contains only two colors one is black and the other is White Color Monitor it contains 16~16 million colors High Resolution Costly Printer : 32 Printer Printer is the type of output device which is used to get the result/information in the shape of hardcopy from the computer. Types of Printer Impact Printer it prints characters or images by striking Dot Matrix Printer Line Printer Daisy Wheel Printer Printer : 33 2. Non-Impact Printer a non-impact printer prints characters and graphs on a piece of paper without striking. Types of Non-Impact Printer Inkjet Printer LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Thermal Printer Photo Printer Plotter Printer Computer Software : 34 Computer Software Software are the series of instructions which are used to run computer hardware. Characteristics Designed by a programmer Visible only Special Languages are used example Man and Motor Cycle Current and Fan Types of Software : 35 Types of Software System Software/Operating System System Software are used to control all components of computer and serves as an interface between user and hardware. Control all Components of Computer Interface b/w user and Hardware Interface : 36 Interface windows 98, windows Xp, Lindows, Unix, Linux Types of Software : 37 Application Software Application software is used or design for the specific purpose of the user. for example MS-WORD MS-POWER POINT MS-EXCEL Acdsee Corel Draw Paint Game MS-ACCESS Types of Software Types of Software : 38 Utility Software Utility Software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation in computer. for example Partition Magic Backup utility Antivirus Data Recovery Security Software Win Ghost Types of Software Motherboard : 39 Motherboard Motherboard is the main part of System Unit, all peripherals (devices) are connected on motherboard. Its function is to coordinate all components of computer. Slide 37: 40 MOTHER BOARD : 41 MOTHER BOARD Main Parts of Mother Board : 42 Main Parts of Mother Board CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) it contains a software file named as BIOS, which includes current Date & Time and System Configuration. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Current Date & Time System Configuration (List of Components) CMOS CELL is used to supply voltage to CMOS chip for the upgration of System Configuration, Date & Time Entering in BIOS : 43 Entering in BIOS BIOS Setup : 44 BIOS Setup BIOS Setup : 45 BIOS Setup Main Parts of Mother Board : 46 POST (Power On Self Test) when we start computer processor checks all components of computer with the help of BIOS configuration List, if any device disconnect, computer shows error. Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 47 Processor processor means CPU (Central Processing Unit). it is known as Brain of computer. it contains two parts: ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit) CU (Control Unit) Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 48 Memory Module SIMM (Single inline Memory Module) only one cut use for small size of RAM DIMM (Double inline Memory Module) Two cuts use for large size of RAM Main Parts of Mother Board RAM Installation : 49 RAM Installation Main Parts of Mother Board : 50 Cache Memory it serves as an assistant of processor it contains two level, level I and level II Level I is placed inside of Processor and known as internal memory Level II is placed on Motherboard and known external cache Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 51 Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 52 Expansion Slots expansion slots are used to connect expansion cards (Sound, VGA, Modem etc.) with Motherboard. Types of Expansion Slots PCI (Peripheral component Interconnect) EISA (Extended Industrial Standard Architecture) ISA (Industrial Structure/Standard Architecture) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Main Parts of Mother Board Card Installation : 53 Card Installation IDE 40 Pin Connector : 54 IDE 40 Pin Connector AGP and PCI Slots : 55 AGP and PCI Slots PCI Slots : 56 PCI Slots 20 Pin ATX Power Supply Connector : 57 20 Pin ATX Power Supply Connector Main Parts of Mother Board : 58 Ports a port is an interface or point of attachment where different peripherals are connected with mother board. Male Connector Female Connector Types of Ports Serial Ports it transmits data one bit at a time slow transmission (sound ports, com ports, VGA) Parallel Ports it transmits many bits at a time faster than Serial port (Mouse, keyboard, printer, joy stick) Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 59 Ports MIDI (Musical instrument digital interface) use for musical purposes SCSI (Small computer system interface) use for connecting SCSI peripheral (Drive, Printer) USB (Universal serial bus) use for connecting multiple devices IrDA (Infrared Data Association) use for wireless data transmission Main Parts of Mother Board PORTS : 60 PORTS Main Parts of Motherboard : 61 Main Parts of Motherboard Processor Socket processor Socket is used to connect processor with mother board BUSES : 62 buses are electrical paths or lines placed on the surface of computer devices boards and are used to carry electrical signals between different components of computer. Types of Compute BUS 1. Data Bus the electrical path through which data is transferred between/among components of computer BUSES BUSES : 63 2. Address Bus each component is assigned a unique ID, this ID is called the address of that component. components communicate and locate other component with this bus. 3. Control Bus Control bus is used to transmit different commands from one component to another component, i.e. CPU wants to read data from main memory, it use control bus for giving commands. BUSES Slide 61: 64 4. Expansion Bus the expansion bus allows the processor to communicate with the peripheral devices attached to the card. Types of Expansion Bus ISA Bus Local/PCI Bus AGP Bus BUSES Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 65 Factors Affecting Processing Speed Register register is a small, high-speed memory inside a CPU CPU contains a number of Register Big size of register increases the performance of computer Buses Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 66 RAM (Random Access Memory) Big size of RAM means that program instruction and data can be stored in memory. Big Size of RAM makes processor efficient to process data Cache Memory Factors Affecting Processing Speed Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 67 System Clock System clock is an electronic component the time required to execute a single instruction is called clock speed. clock speed tells us how many time CPU takes to execute each instruction clock speed is measured as cycles per second i.e. 300 MHz, 933 MHz Factors Affecting Processing Speed HARD DISK : 68 HARD DISK Media Platter Stepper Motor Spindle Motor Media Arm Absorption point Screw Head Sector, Cluster & Track : 69 Sector, Cluster & Track HDD HEAD : 70 HDD HEAD Parts of Hard Disk : 71 Parts of Hard Disk Absorption Point Logic Board of Hard Disk Internal Hard Drive : 72 Internal Hard Drive 4 pin Molex connector Jumper Setting 40 pin Data Cable connector External Hard Disk : 73 External Hard Disk SATA Hard Drive Connector : 74 SATA Hard Drive Connector High Speed Costly only use for P-IV Computer Jumper Setting : 75 Jumper Setting Jumper Setting of HDD : 76 Jumper Setting of HDD when we use more than one Hard Disk in our computer then for configuration we use jumper setting option. 1st Hard Disk Become Master 2nd Hard Disk Become Slave IDE 40 Pin Data Cable Connector : 77 IDE 40 Pin Data Cable Connector LED, SW, Restart, Power On Button Connectivity with Motherboard : 78 LED, SW, Restart, Power On Button Connectivity with Motherboard Power Supply : 79 Power Supply Function of Power Supply is to: Reduce Voltage Convert AC into DC current Power Supply Connector : 80 Power Supply Connector ATX POWER SUPPLY FDD 34 Pin Data Cable Connector : 81 FDD 34 Pin Data Cable Connector Computer Casing : 82 Computer Casing Computer Virus : 83 Computer Virus COMPUTER VIRUS : 84 COMPUTER VIRUS CAUSES OF VIRUS Internet Another Drive Infected CD Infected Floppy Another Computer of LAN Network Computer Virus is a Software Program designed by a Programmer which has ability to disturb Computer software or Hardware System How to Recognize/Find Virus in Computer : 85 How to Recognize/Find Virus in Computer 1. Automatic Creation of Files (just like Folders) 2. Personal Data lost 3. Application Software show “Illegal Operation” message 5. Language converted into Symbols instead of Open or other options 6. Window Corrupt/File System Destroy 7. Partition Corrupt How to Protect and How to Remove Virus from Computer? : 86 How to Protect and How to Remove Virus from Computer? 1.Using of Anti-Virus Software MacAfee Norton Antivirus PC Clean etc. 2.Formatting of HDD and 3.Reinstallation of Windows 4.Changing in Computer Dates Expansion Cards : 87 Expansion Cards Expansion cards are used to connect different peripherals with motherboard Expansion cards are connected in expansion slots Types of Expansion Cards VGA Sound Fax/Modem I/O card LAN I/O Card : 88 I/O Card I/O Card is used to connect input/output or storage devices with motherboard i.e. keyboard, mouse, HDD, printer etc. Sound card : 89 Sound card Sound card is used to connect speaker, mic and other audio devices with mother board. It converts analogue signal into digital and vice versa. Fax/Modem Card : 90 Fax/Modem Card Fax/Modem card is used for world wide internet connection with the help of phone line and ISP (Internet Service Provider) LAN CARD : 91 LAN CARD LAN card is used for connecting two or more computer among each other network SWITCH : 92 SWITCH VGA : 93 VGA LASER PRINTER WORKING : 94 LASER PRINTER WORKING TOKEN RING ADAPTER : 95 TOKEN RING ADAPTER Slide 93: 96 Slide 94: 97 Slide 95: 98 Slide 96: 99 Slide 97: 100 Slide 98: 101 Slide 99: 102 You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
computer hardware engineering notes rabnawazlodhi Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3381 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (6) Dislike it (0) Added: July 14, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 7 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: abhi134 (3 month(s) ago) can i have also a copy, thank you Abhishekk082@gmail.com plz plz plz sir Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gkebaiphe (3 month(s) ago) this is welldone job can you please send me copy of this presantation to my email :gkebaiphe@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: zrome30 (3 month(s) ago) can i have also a copy, thank you...zromeo3o@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: latheefALT (7 month(s) ago) can you send me a copy of this presentation. this is my e mail address.. latheefthekken@gmail.com plz, Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kirstina (8 month(s) ago) can you send me a copy of this presentation. this is my e mail address.. knoves@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript COMPUTER HARDWARE : 4 COMPUTER HARDWARE LECTURE RESUME Prepared By: RABNAWAZ LODHI ATTARI Lecturer (Visiting Faculty) Govt. College of Technology Lahore HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER : 5 HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER 3000 bc a person named Chineoo, invented first manual device for performing basic arithmetic operation. This device is known as Abacus which was the first Manual Computer. HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER : 6 HISTORY & CONCEPT OF COMPUTER In 1833 Charles Babbage invented a mechanical device “Difference Engine” for calculation, its working was purely dependant upon Steam. Charles Babbage is also known as the Father of Computer. He also introduced the Basic idea about input and Out Put Devices History of Computer : 7 History of Computer First Electronic Computer,Mark-1 was invented by Prof. Howard A. Aiken WHAT IS COMPUTER? : 8 WHAT IS COMPUTER? Computer is an Electronic device which can: accept data, process it, give the result after that processing and also store processed data Data Vs Information : 9 Data Vs Information Data are the raw facts which includes sounds, numbers, symbols, images etc. examples of data abc Ahmad Lahore Pakistan etc. information is the processed data which is meaningful, helpful, understandable and useful examples of information Roll No. 2 Name-Ahmad City-Lahore Country-Pakistan BASIC CONCEPTS DERIVE FROM DEFINITION : 10 BASIC CONCEPTS DERIVE FROM DEFINITION Basic Structure of Computer derived from the above diagram Diagram derived from the definition of Computer BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER : 11 BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER CPU (Central Processing Unit) CU (Control Unit) ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit) Main Memory (RAM) Characteristics of Computer : 12 Characteristics of Computer Speed Storage Processing Accuracy Efficiency non-Intelligence COMPUTER HARDWARE DEVICES : 13 COMPUTER HARDWARE DEVICES Input Devices Output Devices Processing Devices Storage Devices INPUT DEVICES : 14 INPUT DEVICES input devices are the components of computer which are used to give data and instruction to the computer by the user. Data Vs Instruction 2 + 2 = 4 for example Keyboard, Mouse, Mic, Scanner, Camera Information Instruction DATA Output Devices : 15 Output Devices Output Devices are the components of computer which are used to get back the result from the computer to the user. for example Monitor, Speaker, Printer, Projector PROCESSING DEVICES : 16 PROCESSING DEVICES processing devices are also the components of computer which are used to process the data and convert into information. examples processor is the brain of computer and it is used for processing purposes it contain two parts one is ALU and the other is CU. Storage Devices : 17 Storage Devices Storage Devices are used to store data on permanent or temporary basis. Types of Storage Devices Magnetic Devices Magnetic Tape Hard Disk Floppy Disk Optical Devices (CD- ROM) MEMORY : 18 MEMORY Memory mean the ability of computer to store the data on temporary or permanent basis. Types of Memory Primary Memory it is the type of computer memory which has capability to store data temporarily. it is also called volatile memory. Secondary Memory it is the type of computer memory which has capability to store data one permanent basis. it is also called non-volatile memory. Primary Vs Secondary Memory : 19 Primary Vs Secondary Memory Primary Memory RAM RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY TYPES OF RAM : 20 TYPES OF RAM S-RAM (Static Random Access Memory) Low cost Low Speed Refresh again and again D-RAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Costly High Speed Automatic Refresh System TYPES OF ROM : 21 TYPES OF ROM ROM (Read Only Memory) X PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) only one time EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) Two or three time EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) Flash Memory again and again Types of Input Devices : 22 Types of Input Devices Key Board Keyboard is the type of input devices which is used to give data and instruction with the help of some sort of keys (alphabetic, numeric, special, arrows, function, etc.) to the computer by the user. Types of key board Devoke QWERTY Types of Input Devices : 23 Pointing Devices Pointing Devices are those device which are used to give data, instruction and point out some specific of a specific graph. Types of Pointing Devices Mouse (Mechanical, Optical) Pointing Pen Touch Pad Pointing Stick Joy Stick Types of Input Devices Types of Input Devices : 24 Optical Devices optical devices are used to give data in the shape of image. Types of Optical Devices Digital Camera Scanner Types of Input Devices Types of Input Devices : 25 Sound Devices Sound Devices are used to give data to the computer in the shape of vice. Types of Sound Devices Microphone Mic Types of Input Devices Types of Output Devices : 26 Types of Output Devices Display Device Display devices are used to get result/information from the computer in the shape of Soft Copy. Monitor Monitor is an output device which gives the result/information in the shape of text, images, video, or any other style. Types of Monitor According to Technology : 27 Types of Monitor According to Technology CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Types of Monitor According to Technology : 28 Types of Monitor According to Technology LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Liquid Material between two layers of Glass Types of Monitor According to Technology : 29 Types of Monitor According to Technology Gas Plasma Neon Oxen Types of Monitor According to Size : 30 Types of Monitor According to Size 14” 15” 17” 19” 21” diagonal shape measurement Types of Monitor According to Colors : 31 Types of Monitor According to Colors Monochromes which contains only one color on its background Gray Scale Monitor it contains only two colors one is black and the other is White Color Monitor it contains 16~16 million colors High Resolution Costly Printer : 32 Printer Printer is the type of output device which is used to get the result/information in the shape of hardcopy from the computer. Types of Printer Impact Printer it prints characters or images by striking Dot Matrix Printer Line Printer Daisy Wheel Printer Printer : 33 2. Non-Impact Printer a non-impact printer prints characters and graphs on a piece of paper without striking. Types of Non-Impact Printer Inkjet Printer LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Thermal Printer Photo Printer Plotter Printer Computer Software : 34 Computer Software Software are the series of instructions which are used to run computer hardware. Characteristics Designed by a programmer Visible only Special Languages are used example Man and Motor Cycle Current and Fan Types of Software : 35 Types of Software System Software/Operating System System Software are used to control all components of computer and serves as an interface between user and hardware. Control all Components of Computer Interface b/w user and Hardware Interface : 36 Interface windows 98, windows Xp, Lindows, Unix, Linux Types of Software : 37 Application Software Application software is used or design for the specific purpose of the user. for example MS-WORD MS-POWER POINT MS-EXCEL Acdsee Corel Draw Paint Game MS-ACCESS Types of Software Types of Software : 38 Utility Software Utility Software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation in computer. for example Partition Magic Backup utility Antivirus Data Recovery Security Software Win Ghost Types of Software Motherboard : 39 Motherboard Motherboard is the main part of System Unit, all peripherals (devices) are connected on motherboard. Its function is to coordinate all components of computer. Slide 37: 40 MOTHER BOARD : 41 MOTHER BOARD Main Parts of Mother Board : 42 Main Parts of Mother Board CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor) it contains a software file named as BIOS, which includes current Date & Time and System Configuration. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) Current Date & Time System Configuration (List of Components) CMOS CELL is used to supply voltage to CMOS chip for the upgration of System Configuration, Date & Time Entering in BIOS : 43 Entering in BIOS BIOS Setup : 44 BIOS Setup BIOS Setup : 45 BIOS Setup Main Parts of Mother Board : 46 POST (Power On Self Test) when we start computer processor checks all components of computer with the help of BIOS configuration List, if any device disconnect, computer shows error. Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 47 Processor processor means CPU (Central Processing Unit). it is known as Brain of computer. it contains two parts: ALU (Arithmetic & Logic Unit) CU (Control Unit) Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 48 Memory Module SIMM (Single inline Memory Module) only one cut use for small size of RAM DIMM (Double inline Memory Module) Two cuts use for large size of RAM Main Parts of Mother Board RAM Installation : 49 RAM Installation Main Parts of Mother Board : 50 Cache Memory it serves as an assistant of processor it contains two level, level I and level II Level I is placed inside of Processor and known as internal memory Level II is placed on Motherboard and known external cache Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 51 Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 52 Expansion Slots expansion slots are used to connect expansion cards (Sound, VGA, Modem etc.) with Motherboard. Types of Expansion Slots PCI (Peripheral component Interconnect) EISA (Extended Industrial Standard Architecture) ISA (Industrial Structure/Standard Architecture) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Main Parts of Mother Board Card Installation : 53 Card Installation IDE 40 Pin Connector : 54 IDE 40 Pin Connector AGP and PCI Slots : 55 AGP and PCI Slots PCI Slots : 56 PCI Slots 20 Pin ATX Power Supply Connector : 57 20 Pin ATX Power Supply Connector Main Parts of Mother Board : 58 Ports a port is an interface or point of attachment where different peripherals are connected with mother board. Male Connector Female Connector Types of Ports Serial Ports it transmits data one bit at a time slow transmission (sound ports, com ports, VGA) Parallel Ports it transmits many bits at a time faster than Serial port (Mouse, keyboard, printer, joy stick) Main Parts of Mother Board Main Parts of Mother Board : 59 Ports MIDI (Musical instrument digital interface) use for musical purposes SCSI (Small computer system interface) use for connecting SCSI peripheral (Drive, Printer) USB (Universal serial bus) use for connecting multiple devices IrDA (Infrared Data Association) use for wireless data transmission Main Parts of Mother Board PORTS : 60 PORTS Main Parts of Motherboard : 61 Main Parts of Motherboard Processor Socket processor Socket is used to connect processor with mother board BUSES : 62 buses are electrical paths or lines placed on the surface of computer devices boards and are used to carry electrical signals between different components of computer. Types of Compute BUS 1. Data Bus the electrical path through which data is transferred between/among components of computer BUSES BUSES : 63 2. Address Bus each component is assigned a unique ID, this ID is called the address of that component. components communicate and locate other component with this bus. 3. Control Bus Control bus is used to transmit different commands from one component to another component, i.e. CPU wants to read data from main memory, it use control bus for giving commands. BUSES Slide 61: 64 4. Expansion Bus the expansion bus allows the processor to communicate with the peripheral devices attached to the card. Types of Expansion Bus ISA Bus Local/PCI Bus AGP Bus BUSES Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 65 Factors Affecting Processing Speed Register register is a small, high-speed memory inside a CPU CPU contains a number of Register Big size of register increases the performance of computer Buses Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 66 RAM (Random Access Memory) Big size of RAM means that program instruction and data can be stored in memory. Big Size of RAM makes processor efficient to process data Cache Memory Factors Affecting Processing Speed Factors Affecting Processing Speed : 67 System Clock System clock is an electronic component the time required to execute a single instruction is called clock speed. clock speed tells us how many time CPU takes to execute each instruction clock speed is measured as cycles per second i.e. 300 MHz, 933 MHz Factors Affecting Processing Speed HARD DISK : 68 HARD DISK Media Platter Stepper Motor Spindle Motor Media Arm Absorption point Screw Head Sector, Cluster & Track : 69 Sector, Cluster & Track HDD HEAD : 70 HDD HEAD Parts of Hard Disk : 71 Parts of Hard Disk Absorption Point Logic Board of Hard Disk Internal Hard Drive : 72 Internal Hard Drive 4 pin Molex connector Jumper Setting 40 pin Data Cable connector External Hard Disk : 73 External Hard Disk SATA Hard Drive Connector : 74 SATA Hard Drive Connector High Speed Costly only use for P-IV Computer Jumper Setting : 75 Jumper Setting Jumper Setting of HDD : 76 Jumper Setting of HDD when we use more than one Hard Disk in our computer then for configuration we use jumper setting option. 1st Hard Disk Become Master 2nd Hard Disk Become Slave IDE 40 Pin Data Cable Connector : 77 IDE 40 Pin Data Cable Connector LED, SW, Restart, Power On Button Connectivity with Motherboard : 78 LED, SW, Restart, Power On Button Connectivity with Motherboard Power Supply : 79 Power Supply Function of Power Supply is to: Reduce Voltage Convert AC into DC current Power Supply Connector : 80 Power Supply Connector ATX POWER SUPPLY FDD 34 Pin Data Cable Connector : 81 FDD 34 Pin Data Cable Connector Computer Casing : 82 Computer Casing Computer Virus : 83 Computer Virus COMPUTER VIRUS : 84 COMPUTER VIRUS CAUSES OF VIRUS Internet Another Drive Infected CD Infected Floppy Another Computer of LAN Network Computer Virus is a Software Program designed by a Programmer which has ability to disturb Computer software or Hardware System How to Recognize/Find Virus in Computer : 85 How to Recognize/Find Virus in Computer 1. Automatic Creation of Files (just like Folders) 2. Personal Data lost 3. Application Software show “Illegal Operation” message 5. Language converted into Symbols instead of Open or other options 6. Window Corrupt/File System Destroy 7. Partition Corrupt How to Protect and How to Remove Virus from Computer? : 86 How to Protect and How to Remove Virus from Computer? 1.Using of Anti-Virus Software MacAfee Norton Antivirus PC Clean etc. 2.Formatting of HDD and 3.Reinstallation of Windows 4.Changing in Computer Dates Expansion Cards : 87 Expansion Cards Expansion cards are used to connect different peripherals with motherboard Expansion cards are connected in expansion slots Types of Expansion Cards VGA Sound Fax/Modem I/O card LAN I/O Card : 88 I/O Card I/O Card is used to connect input/output or storage devices with motherboard i.e. keyboard, mouse, HDD, printer etc. Sound card : 89 Sound card Sound card is used to connect speaker, mic and other audio devices with mother board. It converts analogue signal into digital and vice versa. Fax/Modem Card : 90 Fax/Modem Card Fax/Modem card is used for world wide internet connection with the help of phone line and ISP (Internet Service Provider) LAN CARD : 91 LAN CARD LAN card is used for connecting two or more computer among each other network SWITCH : 92 SWITCH VGA : 93 VGA LASER PRINTER WORKING : 94 LASER PRINTER WORKING TOKEN RING ADAPTER : 95 TOKEN RING ADAPTER Slide 93: 96 Slide 94: 97 Slide 95: 98 Slide 96: 99 Slide 97: 100 Slide 98: 101 Slide 99: 102